Ukuthi yini i-Chondrosarcoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Chondrosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo olukhula emagumbini e-cartilage. Yilona lesibili eliqheleke kakhulu lomdlavuza wamathambo, nakuba liyindlala kakhulu. Lo mdlavuza ngokuvamile ukhula kancane futhi uthinta abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-70, nakuba ungase ubonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-chondrosarcoma ngokuvamile ihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusabalala. Lokhu kunika odokotela nabaguli isikhathi esiningi sokulungiselela ukwelashwa futhi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle uma kubanjwe ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-chondrosarcoma?

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo embonini noma ejoyini ethintekile. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile buqala njengokuhlungu okuthambile okuza nokwehla, bese kancane kancane buya kuba bukhulu futhi bube nzima emasontweni noma ezinyangeni.

Ungase uqaphele izimpawu eziningi njengoba i-tumor ikhula:

• Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo embonini noma ejoyini obukhulu ebusuku
• Ukukhula noma i-lump ebonakalayo eduze kwendaweni ethintekile
• Ukuqina noma ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwezijojini eziseduze
• Ukweqile okungachazeki embonini ethintekile
• Ukuphefumula noma ukukhahlela uma i-tumor icinezela izinzwa

Lezi zimpawu zikhula kancane, kungakho i-chondrosarcoma ngezinye izikhathi ingabonakali izinyanga. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile abululami kahle emithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu ethengekayo ngaphandle komthetho, okwenza abantu bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-chondrosarcoma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-chondrosarcoma ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe lapho ikhula khona nokuthi amaseli abonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zisiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

I-chondrosarcoma eyi-primary ikhula ngqo emagumbini e-cartilage ajwayelekile. Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, olumelela cishe u-90% yezimangalo. Ngokuvamile uthinta i-pelvis, ama-ribs, i-shoulder blade, noma amathambo amade ezandleni nasezinzweni.

I-chondrosarcoma yesibili ikhula ezi-tumors ezingalimi emathambeni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-enchondromas noma i-osteochondromas. Nakuba lezi tumors ezingalimi zivamile futhi ngokuvamile azilimazi, aziguquki zibe umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezifana ne-clear cell chondrosarcoma ne-mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Lezi ziphatha ngokuhlukile kunesi-chondrosarcoma evamile futhi zingadinga izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.

Yini ebangela i-chondrosarcoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-chondrosarcomas eningi ayaziwa. Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezingase zikhulise ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Ukushintsha kwe-genetic emagumbini e-cartilage kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima. Lezi zinguquko zingase zenzeke ngokungahleliwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma zingase zidluliselwe kubazali, nakuba izimo eziwusifa ezidluliselwe ziyindlala.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ngaphambili endaweni ethintekile kungandisa ingozi, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka eminyakeni noma emasontweni eminyaka ngemuva kokwelashwa. Abanye abantu abanezinye izimo ze-genetic, njenge-multiple hereditary exostoses noma i-Ollier disease, banesihloko esikhulu sokukhula kwe-chondrosarcoma.

Ezimeni ezimbalwa, i-chondrosarcoma ikhula ezi-tumors ezingalimi ze-cartilage ezibe khona iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeka kancane futhi ngokungalindelekile, kungakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi belandela lezi tumors ezingalimi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-chondrosarcoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo embonini noma ejoyini obuhlala amasonto amaningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ubuhlungu bukhulu ebusuku noma abululami ngokuphumula nangomuthi wokwelapha ubuhlungu othengekayo ngaphandle komthetho.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela i-lump ekhula noma ukukhula eduze kwembonini noma ejoyini. Nakuba i-lumps eningi ingelona umdlavuza, kubalulekile ukuthi ihlolwe yisazi sezokwelapha.

Ungalindi uma uhlushwa ukweqile okungachazeki noma ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesikhathi embonini. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi i-tumor iye yabuthakathaka ubukhulu bembonini futhi idinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuthaza ingozi ye-chondrosarcoma?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho yokukhula kwe-chondrosarcoma, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza ngokuqinisekile.

Iminyaka idlala indima ebalulekile, ngezimo eziningi ezenzeka kubantu abadala kuno-40. Ingozi iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni engama-60 nengu-70.

Nawa ama-risk factors ayinhloko adokotela abaye bawaqaphela:

• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ngaphambili emathambeni noma ezijoyini
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-Ollier disease noma i-Maffucci syndrome
• Ukuba ne-multiple hereditary exostoses (i-tumors ezingalimi emathambeni)
• I-tumors ezingalimi ze-cartilage (enchondromas)
• I-Paget's disease yamathambo

Abantu abaningi abane-chondrosarcoma abanazo lezi zinto ezikhuthaza ingozi. Umdlavuza ngokuvamile ukhula ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile noma umlando womndeni.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke nge-chondrosarcoma?

Nakuba i-chondrosarcoma ngokuvamile ikhula kancane, ingabangela izinhlupheko eziningi uma ingalashwa noma uma ukwelashwa kulibaziseka.

I-tumor ingabuthakathaka amathambo kakhulu, iholele ekweqileni ngisho nange-trauma encane. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umdlavuza ubhubhisa ithishu yembonini evamile futhi uyisibuyisela ngamaseli angavamile.

Izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• Ukweqile kwamathambo endaweni ye-tumor
• Ukonakala kwezinzwa uma i-tumor icinezela izinzwa ezizungezile
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwejoyini nokuqina okungapheli
• Ukusabalala emaphaphwini noma kwezinye izitho (nakuba lokhu kuyindlala)
• Ukutheleleka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-chondrosarcoma ayivamile ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi uma kubanjwe ngokushesha. Izinhlupheko eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele.

I-chondrosarcoma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-chondrosarcoma kudinga izinyathelo eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona komdlavuza nokuqonda ubukhulu bawo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha oningiliziwe nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Izivivinyo ze-imaging zinikeza isithombe sokuqala esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi komzimba wakho. Ama-X-rays ngokuvamile abonisa ukushintsha okukhethekile embonini, kuyilapho ama-CT scans nama-MRIs enikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngobukhulu nendawo ye-tumor.

I-biopsy yiyona kuphela indlela yokuthola i-chondrosarcoma ngokuqinisekile. Udokotela wakho uzosusa isampula encane yethishu ye-tumor futhi ayihlole ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa nge-anesthesia yendawo futhi ibangela ubuhlungu obuncane.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zifake ama-bone scans noma ama-PET scans ukuhlola ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Izivivinyo zegazi zingasiza ekuqondeni impilo yakho yonke ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-chondrosarcoma?

Ukuhlinzwa yilona ukwelashwa oluyinhloko lwe-chondrosarcoma ngoba lo mdlavuza ngokuvamile awululami kahle ekwelapheni noma ekwelapheni ngomgogodla. Umgomo ukususa i-tumor yonke ngenkathi ugcina ukusebenza okuvamile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amakhetho akho okuhlinzwa axhomeke endaweni, ubukhulu, nokuqina kwe-tumor. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-limb-sparing kususa i-tumor ngenkathi kugcinwa isandla noma unyawo luphelele. Kwezinye izimo, embonini esusiwe ithathelwa indawo yi-implant yensimbi noma i-bone graft.

Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zifake:

• Ukukhipha okubanzi kwendawo ukususa i-tumor ngethishu enempilo ezungeze yona
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-limb-sparing ngokwakhiwa kabusha
• Ukukhipha ilungu kwezinye izimo lapho ukugcinwa kwelungu kungekho khona
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla we-tumors ezingasuswa ngokuphelele
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziqine kakhulu

Abantu abaningi abane-chondrosarcoma ephansi banemiphumela emihle ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukukhetha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani ukululama ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-chondrosarcoma?

Ukululama ekwelapheni kwe-chondrosarcoma kuyinqubo ehamba kancane edinga isineke nokwesekwa. Isikhathi sakho sokululama sizoxhomeka ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa obekulwenze nokuthi impilo yakho yonke injani.

I-physical therapy ngokuvamile iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukusiza ekubuyiseni amandla nokusebenza. I-therapist yakho izokukhokhela ekuzivocavoca okuqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza ngenkathi ivikele indawo yokuhlinzwa.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokululama. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi efanele futhi angase aphakamise ezinye izindlela njengeqhwa, ukushisa, noma ukunyakaza okuthambile ukukusiza ngokungakhululeki.

Ukukhathalelwa okulandelayo kufaka ukubukwa okuvamile ngezivivinyo ze-imaging ukuqapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubuyela komdlavuza. Lezi ziyizikhathi ezibalulekile zokubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha nokuqinisekisa ukululama kwakho okuqhubekayo.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi ethengekayo ngaphandle komthetho nama-supplements. Futhi, buthana noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezokwelapha angaphambili noma izifundo ze-imaging ezihlobene nezimpawu zakho zamanje.

Cabanga ukuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluqakathekile nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza ngokuhlonishwa kwakho, amakhetho okwelapha, nokulindelwe kokululama.

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma ungakuqondi okuthile udokotela wakho akucacisayo. Lena yimpilo yakho, futhi ufanele ube nemibuzo yakho yonke iphendulwe ngokucacile.

Iyini into ebalulekile nge-chondrosarcoma?

I-Chondrosarcoma uhlobo olukhulu lomdlavuza wamathambo olukhula kancane futhi oluphendula kahle ekwelapheni okuhlinzwa. Ukutholwa ngokushesha nokwelashwa okufanele ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo embonini akufanele buhlale bungaphazanyiswa. Nakuba ubuhlungu obukhulu embonini bungelona umdlavuza, kuhlale kufanele ukuthi izimpawu ezingavamile noma ezihlala njalo zihlonzwe yisazi sezokwelapha.

Ngokuqhubeka kwezindlela zokwelapha zokuhlinzwa nokunakekelwa okusekayo, abantu abaningi abane-chondrosarcoma bangalindela ukugcina impilo enhle ngemuva kokwelashwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe eduze ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluhlangabezana nezidingo zakho nezinxushunxushu zakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-chondrosarcoma

Q: Ingabe i-chondrosarcoma ihlala ibulawa?

Cha, i-chondrosarcoma ayihlali ibulawa. Eqinisweni, ukubuka kwabantu abaningi abalona lo mdlavuza kuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubanjwe ngokushesha. I-chondrosarcomas ephansi inezilinganiso ezinhle zokuphila, ngaphezu kuka-90% yabantu abaphila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokutholakala. I-tumors ezingaphezulu zingase zibe nzima ukwelapha, kodwa abantu abaningi basaphila isikhathi eside ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Q: I-chondrosarcoma ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-chondrosarcoma ngokuvamile ikhula kancane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Izimo eziningi ziyi-tumors ephansi ezingase zikhule emasontweni noma ngisho neminyaka ngaphambi kokubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Le ndlela yokukhula kancane izuzisa ngoba inika odokotela nabaguli isikhathi esiningi sokulungiselela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo eziphezulu ezingavamile zingase zikhule ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Q: Ingabe i-chondrosarcoma ingavikeleka?

Awekho indlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela i-chondrosarcoma ngoba izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abanezingozi ezaziwayo njengezimo ze-genetic noma ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ngaphambili kufanele babe nokuhlolwa okuvamile nodoctor wabo. Uma une-tumors ezingalimi ze-cartilage, ukulandela izincomo zokulandela udokotela wakho kungasiza ekubambeni noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokushesha.

Q: Ngizokwazi yini ukubuyela emisebenzini yami evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo eminingi evamile ngemuva kokululama ekwelapheni kwe-chondrosarcoma. Ubukhulu bokuphulukisa kwakho buxhomeke ezintweni ezifana nendawo ye-tumor, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa oluyenziwe, nokuzibophezela kwakho ekwelapheni. Nakuba ezinye imisebenzi ingase idinge ukuguqulwa, abantu abaningi baphila impilo esebenzayo, ezele ngemuva kokwelashwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukusetha amathemba nezinhloso ezizenzakalelayo.

Q: Ngingakanani ukubona odokotela ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Ukukhathalelwa okulandelayo kubalulekile ekuqapheleni ukululama kwakho nokuqapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokubuyela komdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, uzoba nemihlangano yonke imihla engama-3-6 yeminyaka embalwa yokuqala, bese kancane kancane njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zifaka ukuhlolwa komzimba nezivivinyo ze-imaging njenge-X-rays noma ama-CT scans. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokulandela esikhethekile olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nama-risk factors.