Ukuthi yini i-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluthinta amangqamuzana omhlophe egazi abizwa ngama-lymphocytes. La mangqamuzana avame ukuncedisa ekuqedeni ukutheleleka, kodwa ku-CLL, akhula ngokungavamile futhi aqoqana egazini lakho, ubongweni lwamathambo, namathumba e-lymph.

Ngokungafani nezinye i-leukemias, i-CLL ivame ukuqhubeka kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi. Abantu abaningi bahlala naleli simo iminyaka eminingi, futhi abanye bangase bangalutholi nhlobo ukwelashwa. Ukuqonda i-CLL kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi ungakhathazeki ngalokho okukhona phambili.

Ukuthi yini i-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

I-CLL kwenzeka lapho ubongwe lwamathambo lakho likhiqiza amangqamuzana amaningi angavamile e-B-lymphocytes, uhlobo oluthile lwangqamuzana omhlophe egazi. La mangqamuzana aphambeneyo awakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka kahle futhi agcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile.

Igama elithi "chronic" lisho ukuthi liqhubeka kancane, okungukuthi izindaba ezinhle. Abantu abaningi abane-CLL bangagcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo iminyaka eminingi. Leli simo liqala kakhulu kubantu abadala, ngokuxilongwa okuningi okwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka engama-55.

I-CLL uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-leukemia kubantu abadala emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Yahlukile kwi-acute leukemias, ezikhula ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Abantu abaningi abanesigaba sokuqala se-CLL abanazo izimpawu nhlobo. Leli simo livame ukutholakala ngezilingo zegazi eziqhelekile ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivele kancane njengoba amangqamuzana angavamile ekhula ohlelweni lwakho. Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu okufanele uzibheke:

• Amathumba e-lymph ahlalayo entanyeni yakho, ezingalweni, noma emadolweni angahlungulu
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka, ngisho nalapho ukhululekile
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile okuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama kunokujwayelekile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungathandeki ezinyangeni eziningi
• Ukubila ebusuku okunamakha ezingubo zakho noma emathangeni
• Ukuqhuma kalula noma ukuphuma kwegazi eziqongweni ezincane
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha lapho udle ngenxa yespleen enkulu
• Ukuphefumula kancane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile

Izimpawu ezingezona ezivamile zingafaka ubushushu ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile noma ukungakhululeki esiswini. Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi, ngakho-ke ukuziba nezimpawu akusho ukuthi une-CLL.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-CLL ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza abonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo kanye namaprotheni abawaphatha. Umehluko oyinhloko uphakathi kwe-CLL evamile nezinye izimo ezihlobene.

I-CLL evamile yenza cishe ama-95% ezikhathini futhi ihilela i-B-lymphocytes. Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluthi prolymphocytic leukemia, oluvame ukuqhubeka ngokushesha kodwa lulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase likhulume futhi ngokuthi amangqamuzana akho e-CLL anazo yini izinguquko ezithile ze-genetic. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula kancane, kanti ezinye zingadinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Lezi zindaba zisiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo lokuphatha oluhle kakhulu lesimo sakho esithile.

Yini ebangela i-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Isizathu esiqondile se-CLL asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa siqala lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ze-DNA kuma-B-lymphocytes. Lezi zinguquko ze-genetic zibangela amangqamuzana ukuba akhule ngokungapheli futhi aphile isikhathi eside kunokufanele.

Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Akubangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma awukwenzanga. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-CLL ayihlobene nokubhema, ukudla, noma izinqumo zokuphila.

Izici eziningi zingase zinikezele ekukhuleni kwe-CLL, yize azikho ezifanayo ukuthi uzothola leli gciwane:

• Ubudala - abantu abaningi abaxilongwe baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55
• Ubulili - amadoda anezikhathi ezimbili ezingaba khona zokuthola i-CLL kunabesifazane
• Umlando womndeni - ukuba nezihlobo ezine-CLL noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi kukhuphula ingozi
• Uhlanga - i-CLL ivame kakhulu kubantu abavela eYurophu
• Ukuvezwa ezimweni ezithile zekhemikhali njenge-Agent Orange (ngokungavamile)

Ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzothola i-CLL. Abantu abaningi abanezici eziningi zengozi abayitholi leli gciwane, kanti abanye abangenazo izici zengozi ebonakalayo bayithola.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba nezizathu ezinhle, kuhlale kungcono ukuzihlola.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana namathumba e-lymph angapheli ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ikakhulukazi uma engahlungulu. Funa futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokukhathala okuqhubekayo okungathuthuki ngokuphumula noma ukutheleleka okuvamile.

Ungalindi uma unezimpawu ezinkulu njengokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukubila ebusuku okuqhubekayo, noma ukuqhuma kalula. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle, ngisho noma i-CLL ivame ukuqhubeka kancane.

Ziyini izici zengozi ze-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Izici eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba ne-CLL, yize ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzothola leli gciwane. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kakhulu.

Ubudala yisici esikhulu sengozi. I-CLL ayivami ukuthinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40, futhi ingozi yakho ikhuphuka kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engama-55. Abantu abaningi abaxilongwe baneminyaka engama-60 noma engama-70.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko zengozi abazifumene odokotela:

• Ukuba yindoda - amadoda athola i-CLL kabili kunabesifazane
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-CLL noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi
• Ukuba uvela e-Ashkenazi Jewish
• Ukuvezwa ngaphambili ezimweni ezithile zekhemikhali noma ukushisa
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezithile zokuphepha komzimba ezifuywe

Ezinye izifo ezimbalwa ze-genetic zikhuphula futhi ingozi ye-CLL, kodwa lezi zenze ingxenye encane kakhulu yezikhathi. Abantu abaningi abane-CLL abanalo umlando womndeni ocacile walesi gciwane.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Nakuba i-CLL ivame ukuqhubeka kancane, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kungakusiza ubone ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu zenzeka ngoba amangqamuzana e-CLL agcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile. Lokhu kungakwenza ube nomkhuba wokutheleleka futhi ube kancane ekuphileni eziqongweni.

Nazi izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona okufanele uzazi:

• Ukungena engcupheni yokutheleleka okukhulu ngenxa yesistimu yokuphepha komzimba ebuthakathaka
• I-Anemia ebangela ukukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka
• Inani eliphansi le-platelet eholela ekuqhumeni kalula noma ekuphumeni kwegazi
• I-Spleen enkulu ebangela ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Ukuguqulwa lube yi-lymphoma eqhubekayo ngokushesha (ngokungavamile)
• Ukutholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kamuva ekuphileni
• Izinhlanganisela ze-autoimmune lapho umzimba wakho uhlasela amangqamuzana aphilile

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Richter, lapho i-CLL iguqulwa ibe yi-lymphoma eqhubekayo ngokushesha, kwenzeka kubantu abacishe babe ngu-3-10%. Nakuba kuyinkulu, le nhlanganisela ivame ukwelashwa kahle uma itholakala ngokushesha.

I-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukutholwa kwe-CLL kuvame ukuqala ngezilingo zegazi ezibonisa amanani angavamile amangqamuzana omhlophe egazi. Udokotela wakho uzoyala ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa nokuthola ukuthi leli simo liqhubeke kangakanani.

Isivivinyo esiyinhloko sokutholwa sibizwa nge-flow cytometry, esiqopha amaprotheni athile emangqamuzana akho egazi. Lesi sivivinyo singahlukanisa amangqamuzana e-CLL kwezinye izinhlobo zama-lymphocytes ngenkambo enkulu.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingase likucele izilingo eziningi ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwegazi okuphelele ukuhlola zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi
• I-Flow cytometry ukuqopha amamaki athile e-CLL
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukubheka izinguquko ze-chromosomal
• I-CT scans ukuhlola usayizi lwamathamba e-lymph
• I-Bone marrow biopsy (ngezinye izikhathi idingeka)
• Amazinga e-Immunoglobulin ukuhlola umsebenzi wokuphepha komzimba

Lezi zilingo zisiza udokotela wakho ukuba afake i-CLL yakho futhi ahlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu. Ukufakwa kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza ukhule kangakanani futhi kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi ungase uziphathe kanjani.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-CLL kuncike esigabeni sakho, ezimpawu, nasempilweni yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi abanesigaba sokuqala se-CLL abadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi bangalandelelwa ngokuhlangana okuqhelekile.

Le ndlela "yokubuka nokulinda" ingase izwakale iyesabekayo, kodwa empeleni yindlela engcono kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha kakhulu akulungisi imiphumela futhi kungabangela imiphumela emibi engafanele.

Uma ukwelashwa kudingeka, unezinketho eziningi eziphumelelayo:

• Imithi yokwelapha ehloselwe ukulwa namaprotheni athile omdlavuza
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza isimiso sakho sokuphepha komzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza
• I-Chemotherapy, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Ama-Monoclonal antibodies ahlose amangqamuzana e-CLL
• I-Stem cell transplant kubantu abasebasha abanesifo esiqhubekayo ngokushesha
• I-Radiation therapy yama-lymph nodes amakhulu (ngezinye izikhathi)

Imithi emisha ehloselwe ukwelapha njenge-ibrutinib ne-venetoclax iye yaguqula ukwelashwa kwe-CLL. Le mithi ivame ukusebenza kangcono kunokwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy okuqhelekile ngemiphumela emibi emincane.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Ukuphatha i-CLL ekhaya kugxila ekusekiseni impilo yakho yonke nokuvimbela ukutheleleka. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Njengoba i-CLL ithonya isimiso sakho sokuphepha komzimba, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi gwema izixuku ngesikhathi sesizini ebandayo neye-flu uma kungenzeka.

Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha ekhaya:

• Dla ukudla okuhlanzekile okugcwele izithelo, imifino, namaprotheni amancane
• Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke
• Thola ubuthongo obuhle ukuze usekele isimiso sakho sokuphepha komzimba
• Zivocavoca kancane njengoba uthola amandla
• Sebenzisa ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka ngokuzindla noma ukuphumula
• Gcina uqaphele ngokugoma okucebiswayo
• Qapha ubushushu bakho futhi ubike ngokushesha ubushushu

Lalela umzimba wakho futhi uphumule uma udinga. Ukukhathala kuvamile nge-CLL, futhi ukuzicinca kakhulu kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza uthole okuningi esikhathini sakho neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ungakhohlwa izikhalo ezibalulekile.

Letha uhlu lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Buthana futhi nanoma yimiphi imiphumela yezivivinyo ezidlule noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha ahlobene nesimo sakho.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi unikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Ukuba nomuntu omunye lapho kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi lapho uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha ezinkulu.

Lungisa lezi zinto ngovakatshi wakho:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zamanje kanye nokuthi zaqala nini
• Yonke imithi, amavithamini, nezithasiselo ozithathayo
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza noma izifo zegazi
• Imiphumela yezivivinyo ezidlule noma izifundo zokubonwa
• Ulwazi lwe-Insurance kanye nokuhlonza
• Imibuzo ebhalwe phansi ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo uma ungakuqondi okuthile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ulwazi futhi ukhululekile ngohlelo lwakho lokuphatha.

Yini eyinhloko ekuthatha nge-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

I-CLL ivame ukuba yisimo esilawuleka kalula esiningi sabantu abahlala naso iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle komthelela omkhulu ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Nakuba ukwamukela ukutholwa komdlavuza kuzwakala kukhulu, khumbula ukuthi i-CLL ivame ukuqhubeka kancane.

Abantu abaningi abane-CLL baqhubeka besebenza, behamba, futhi bajabulela imisebenzi yabo evamile. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kunamimphumela emibi emincane kunangaphambili.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokulandela iziphakamiso zabo zokulandelela nokwelashwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-CLL bangalindela ukuhlala impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Ingabe i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia iyakwelashwa?

I-CLL ayikwelashwa njengamanje, kodwa ivame ukwelashwa futhi ilawulwe kalula. Abantu abaningi bahlala impilo evamile naleli simo. Ukwelashwa okusha kuqhubeka nokwenza imiphumela ibe ngcono, futhi abacwaningi basebenza ekutholeni izindlela zokwelapha ezinhle ezingase ziholele ekwelapheni ngolunye usuku.

I-chronic lymphocytic leukemia iqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-CLL ivame ukuqhubeka kancane kakhulu eminyakeni noma ngisho nakwizinkulungwane zeminyaka. Abanye abantu abadingi ukwelashwa, kanti abanye bangadinga ukwelashwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokulandelela. Udokotela wakho angakubikezela isimo sakho esithile ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-genetic nakwezinye izici.

Ungaphila impilo evamile nge-chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-CLL baqhubeka bephila impilo esebenzayo, egcwele. Ungase udinge ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuba nemihlangano yokwelapha okuqhelekile, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke ingaqhubeka njengokujwayelekile. Ukwelashwa, uma kudingeka, kuvame ukwenza abantu bakwazi ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme nge-chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Awekho ukudla okuthile okufanele ukugweme nge-CLL, kodwa gxila ekudleni ngokuphephile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Gwema inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle, izithelo nemifino engageziwe, nemikhiqizo yobisi engaphekwanga. Ukudla okunempilo, okuhlanzekile kusekela isimiso sakho sokuphepha komzimba nokuphila kwakho konke.

Ingabe i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia iyefa?

I-CLL inxenye ye-genetic, njengoba iqhubeka emindenini ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abane-CLL abanalo umlando womndeni walesi gciwane. Ukuba nehlobo eline-CLL kukhuphula ingozi yakho, kodwa akusho ukuthi uzothola leli simo.