Encephalopathy Traumatic Ehlisa Isikhathi Eside

I-Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) yisifo sobuchopho esingase sibangelwe ukulimala okuphindaphindayo kwekhanda. Sibangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchophweni, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-degeneration. I-CTE iba mbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Indlela kuphela yokuxilonga ngokuqinisekile i-CTE ngemuva kokufa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho.

I-CTE yisifo esingavamile esingakaqondakali kahle. I-CTE ayibonakali ihlobene nokulimala kwekhanda elilodwa. Ihlobene nokulimala okuphindaphindayo kwekhanda, okuvamise ukuvela emidlalweni yokuxhumana noma empini. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CTE kuye kwahambisana ne-second impact syndrome, lapho ukulimala kwesibili kwekhanda kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zokulimala kwekhanda ezedlule ziqedeke ngokuphelele.

Ochwepheshe basafuna ukuqonda ukuthi ukulimala okuphindaphindayo kwekhanda nezinye izinto zingase zinikeze kanjani izinguquko ebuchophweni eziholela ku-CTE. Abacwaningi bahlola ukuthi inani lokulimala kwekhanda umuntu akuhlangabezana nalo nokuthi ukulimala kubi kangakanani kungase kuchaphazele ingozi ye-CTE.

I-CTE iye yatholwa ebuchosheni babantu abadlale ibhola lase-U.S. neminye imidlalo yokuxhumana, kufaka phakathi ibhokisi. Ingase iphinde ibe khona emagqabeni asebuthweni abaye bahlangana neziqhumane. Kuye kwacatshangelwa ukuthi izimpawu ze-CTE zifaka phakathi ubunzima bokucabanga nemozulu, izinkinga zomzimba, nezinye izenzo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi lezi zithuthuka eminyakeni eminingi kuya emasontweni ngemuva kokuba ukulimala kwekhanda kwenzeke.

I-CTE ayikwazi ukuxilongwa ngokuqinisekile phakathi kokuphila ngaphandle kwabantu abaye bahlangana nobungozi obukhulu. Abacwaningi basafuna ukuthuthukisa ama-biomarkers wokuxilonga we-CTE, kodwa akukho lulodwa oluye lwaqinisekiswa okwamanje. Uma izimpawu ezihambisana ne-CTE zenzeka, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangase baxilonge i-traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

Ochwepheshe abakaqondi ukuthi i-CTE ivela kangakanani kubantu, kodwa kubonakala sengathi iyisifo esingavamile. Abakuqondi ngokuphelele izimbangela. Ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-CTE.

Awekho izimpawu ezithile ezixhunyaniswe ngokucacile ne-CTE. Ezinye zezimpawu ezingase zenzeke zingase zenzeke nakwezinye izimo eziningi. Kubantu abaqinisekiswe ukuthi bane-CTE ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, izimpawu zihlanganisa ukushintsha kwengqondo, ukuziphatha, isimo sengqondo kanye nokushintsha komzimba. Ubunzima bokucabanga. Ukukhohlwa. Izinkinga zokuhlela, ukuhlela nokwenza imisebenzi. Ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo. Ubudlova. Usizi noma ukungabi nandaba. Ukungazinzi komzwelo. Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Imicabango noma ukuziphatha kokuzibulala. Izinkinga zokuhamba nokuqina. I-Parkinsonism, ebangela ukuthuthumela, ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane nobunzima bokukhuluma. I-Motor neuron disease, ebhubhisa amaseli alawula ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukugwinya nokuphefumula. Izimpawu ze-CTE aziveli ngokushesha ngemva kokulimalakali kwentloko. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi zithuthuka eminyakeni eminingi noma amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokulimalakali kwentloko okuphindaphindwayo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa futhi ukuthi izimpawu ze-CTE zivele ngezindlela ezimbili. Ekuphileni kwasekuqaleni phakathi kwama-20s asekuqaleni nama-30s asekuqaleni, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-CTE lungabangela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nokuziphatha. Izimpawu zaleli hlobo zihlanganisa usizi, ukukhathazeka, ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo nobudlova. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-CTE kucatshangwa ukuthi lubangela izimpawu kamuva ekuphileni, cishe eminyakeni engama-60. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa izinkinga zokukhumbula nokucabanga okuqinisekile ukuthi kuyaqhubeka kuya e-dementia. Uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu okufanele zifunwe kubantu abane-CTE ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa lusazange lwaziwe. Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nendlela i-CTE eyaqhubeka ngayo. I-CTE kucatshangwa ukuthi ithuthuka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokulimalakali kwengqondo okuphindaphindwayo okungaba buthakathaka noma obukhulu. Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kulezi zimo: Imicabango yokuzibulala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abane-CTE bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuzibulala. Uma unemicabango yokulimaza, shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yokuphuthuma. Noma xhumana ne-hotline yokuzibulala. E-U.S., shayela noma thumela umyalezo ku-988 ukuze ufike ku-988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline noma usebenzise i-Lifeline Chat. Ukulimala kwentloko. Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uthole ukulimala kwentloko, ngisho noma awudinganga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Uma ingane yakho ithole ukulimala kwentloko okukukhathazayo, shayela umhlinzeki wezempilo yengane yakho ngokushesha. Kuye ngezimpawu, umhlinzeki wakho noma umhlinzeki wengane yakho angase akukhuthaze ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izinkinga zokukhumbula. Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ukhathazekile ngekhono lakho lokukhumbula. Bheka futhi umhlinzeki wakho uma uhlangabezana nezinye izinkinga zokucabanga noma ukuziphatha. Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma isimo sengqondo. Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nosizi, ukukhathazeka, ubudlova noma ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo.

Kuthiwa i-CTE iqala eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokulimalala kobuchopho okuphindaphindayo okungaba bukhulu noma buncane. Bheka udokotela wakho ezimweni ezinjengalezi: Imicabango yokuzibulala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abane-CTE bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuzibulala. Uma unemicabango yokulimaza, shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yephuthumayo yendawo. Noma xhumana ne-hotline yokuzibulala. E-U.S., shayela noma thumela umyalezo ku-988 ukuze ufike ku-988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline noma usebenzise i-Lifeline Chat. Ukwenzakala kwekhanda. Bheka udokotela wakho uma uke waba nokulimala kwekhanda, ngisho noma awudinganga ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo. Uma ingane yakho ithole ukulimala kwekhanda okuthakazelisayo, shayela udokotela wezingane zakho ngokushesha. Kuye ngezimpawu, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezingane zakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Amathemba okukhumbula. Bheka udokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngekhono lakho lokukhumbula. Bheka futhi udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezinye izinkinga zokucabanga noma zokuziphatha. Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma isimo sengqondo. Bheka udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuthukuthela noma ukuziphatha okungacabangi

Ukuhlunguluka kwenzeka lapho isisindo esiqondiswe ekhanda noma ukuzamazama okungazelelwe kuzamazama ikhanda futhi kubangele ukuhamba komkhondo ngaphakathi kolwanga oluqinile neluqine.

Ukulimala okuphindaphindwayo kwekhanda kungenzeka ukuthi kungumsuka we-CTE. Abadlali bebhola e-United States, abadlali bebhola leqhwa namalungu ezempi akhonza ezindaweni zempi bebeyingqophamlando eminingi yophenyo lwe-CTE. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimidlalo nezici ezifana nokuphathwa kabi komzimba nazo zingabangela ukulimala okuphindaphindwayo kwekhanda.

Ukulimala kwekhanda kungabangela ukuhlunguluka, okungabangela izikhathi zokukhathazeka, izinkinga ngekhono lokukhumbula nezinye izimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nokuhlunguluka okuphindaphindwayo, kufaka phakathi abagijimi kanye namalungu ezempi, abaqhubeka bethuthukisa i-CTE. Amanye ama-study abonise ukuthi akukho ukwanda kokutholakala kwe-CTE kubantu abavulekele ekulimala okuphindaphindwayo kwekhanda.

Emikhondweni ene-CTE, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi kukhona ukwakheka kwe-protein ebizwa ngokuthi i-tau eduze kwemithambo yegazi. Ukwakheka kwe-tau ku-CTE kuhlukile ekuqoqweni kwe-tau okutholakala esifo se-Alzheimer nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia. I-CTE kubonakala ukuthi ibangela izindawo zengqondo ukuba zibhubhe, okuaziwa ngokuthi yi-atrophy. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukulimala kwemisebe yezinzwa ehambisa ama-impulses kagesi kuchaphazela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaselula.

Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abane-CTE bangabonisa izimpawu zesifo esinye sokuwohloka kwemizwa, kufaka phakathi i-Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), i-Parkinson's disease noma i-frontotemporal lobar degeneration, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-frontotemporal dementia.

Ukubuyelelwa njalo ekulimala kokukhulu kwengqondo kucabanga ukuthi kukhuphula ingozi ye-CTE. Ochwepheshe basafunda ngezinto ezingozi.

Asikho ukwelashwa kwe-CTE. Kodwa i-CTE ingathintelwa ngoba ihlobene nokulimala kokuzikhandla okuphindaphindayo. Abantu abake baba nokulimala kwekhanda elilodwa banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokulimala kwekhanda. Isikhuthazo samanje sokuvimbela i-CTE ukunciphisa ukulimala okuncane ebuchosheni kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe ngemuva kokuzikhandla.

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela eqinisekile yokuxilonga i-CTE phakathi nokuphila. Kodwa ochwepheshe bakhethe izindinganiso zokwelapha zesimptome se-traumatic encephalopathy (TES). I-TES iwukugula okuxhumene ne-CTE. I-CTE iyalindelekile kubantu abasezingeni elikhulu lokungaqondi ngenxa yokulimalala kwekhanda okuphindaphindayo eminyakeni eminingi ngesikhathi sezemidlalo noma ezempi. Ukutholakala kudinga ubufakazi bokuwohloka kwezicubu zobuchopho kanye nokufakwa kwe-tau nezinye iprotheni ebuchophweni. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokufa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Abanye abacwaningi bazama ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-CTE okungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi abantu bephila. Abanye baqhubeka nokutadisha ubuchopho babantu abafile abangaba ne-CTE, njengabadlali bebhola yase-US. Ithemba lokuthi ekugcineni sizosebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological, izithombe zobuchopho ezifana ne-MRI ekhethekile, nezinye izibonakaliso zokuxilonga i-CTE. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lochwepheshe beMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-chronic traumatic encephalopathy Qala lapha Ulwazi oluthe xaxa Ukukhathalelwa kwe-chronic traumatic encephalopathy eMayo Clinic EEG (electroencephalogram) MRI Ukuhlolwa kwe-Positron emission tomography Ukuhlolwa kwe-SPECT Khombisa olunye ulwazi oluhlobene

Asikho ukwelashwa kwe-CTE. Lesi sifo sobuchopho siqhubeka, okusho ukuthi siyaqhubeka sibe sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nokwelashwa luyadingeka, kodwa indlela yamanje iwukuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nendlela yokuthola nokuphatha ukulimala kobuchopho obukhulu. Cela i-aphoyintimenti