Ukuqonda i-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) iyisimo sengqondo esikhula ngenxa yokulimalala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yisifo esiphuphuma kancane esithinta ikakhulu abantu abake balimala kakhulu ekhanda, ikakhulu abadlali bemidlalo enobudlova kanye neqhawe lezempi.

Lesi simo sibangela ukuba amakhemikhali engqondweni ahluleke kancane kancane, okuholela ekuguqukeni kokucinga, ukuziphatha, nokuhamba. Nakuba i-CTE iye yaba yaziwa eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni yobungcweti, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu olimalayo ekhanda ozothola lesi simo.

Iyini i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

I-CTE yisifo sengqondo esibangelwa ukulimala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda. Lesi simo sihilela ukuqongelela kwe-tau protein engavamile emathisini engqondo, okulimaza futhi kubulale amakhemikhali engqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokungafani nokulimala okukhulu kwengqondo, i-CTE ikhula ngenxa yokulimala okuncane okungase kungabanga nezimpawu ezicacile ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kulimala okuphindaphindayo kudala ushintsho olukhulu engqondweni oluqhubeka iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuba ukulimala kuphelile.

Okwamanje, i-CTE ingavivinywa kuphela ngemva kokufa ngokuhlolwa kwethisi lengqondo. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi basebenza ezindleleni zokuyibona kubantu abaphilayo ngokusebenzisa izithombe zeengqondo eziphambili nezinye izivivinyo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

Izimpawu ze-CTE zivame ukuvela eminyakeni noma amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuba ukulimala kwengqondo kwenzeke. Izibonakaliso zingaba zimbi ekuqaleni futhi zingase ziphuthelwe njengezinye izimo ezinjenge-depression noma ukuguga okuvamile.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile zifaka:

• Izinkinga zokukhumbula nokudideka
• Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile noma ukugxila
• Ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sengqondo, kufaka phakathi i-depression nokukhathazeka
• Ukuthukuthela okukhulu noma ukuthukuthela
• Ukuziphatha okungacabangi nokungacabangi kahle
• Izinkinga zokuhlela nokuhlela

Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zingase zikhule. Lezi zingafaka ukulahleka kwekhanda okukhulu, ubunzima bokukhuluma, izinkinga zokuhamba nokuhambisana, kanye nokuhlukahluka komuntu okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwezindaba zansuku zonke.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nemicabango yokuzibulala, okwenza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nokusiza ochwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kubantu, futhi akuwona wonke umuntu ozobona zonke lezi zinguquko.

Yini ebangela i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

I-CTE ibangelwa ukulimala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda okungadali ukuxilongwa kwe-concussions. Into ebalulekile ukuqongelela kokuthinta okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunokulimalala okukhulu olulodwa.

Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni enobudlova njenge-football, i-boxing, i-hockey, ne-soccer. Ukuhlanganyela empini, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokulwa lapho kukhona ukuvezwa ekuqhumeni, kuyisici esibalulekile sokungena engozini. Ngisho nemisebenzi ehilela ukuthinta ibhola njalo noma ukubanga okuvamile kungase kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-CTE.

Okwenzeka engqondweni ukuthi lezi zinto ezithinta izingqondo ziqalisa ukutheleleka nokuqongelela kwe-tau protein. Le protein yakha ama-tangles ahlukanisa umsebenzi wekhemikhali engqondweni futhi ekugcineni ibangele ukufa kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphethe isimo sengqondo, ukuziphatha, nokucabanga.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ubukhulu nenani lokuthinta okudingekayo ukubangela i-CTE kuyahlukahluka kubantu. Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise lesi simo ngemva kokubekwa okuncane, kanti abanye bangase babe nokuthinta okuningi ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-CTE.

Nini kufanele ubone udokotela ngezinkinga ze-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma wena noma othandekayo unembali yokuthintwa okuphindaphindayo ekhanda futhi uqaphela ushintsho olukhulu ekucingeni, esimweni sengqondo, noma ekuziphatheni. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezitholakala kalula futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa ekuphatheni izimpawu.

Funani usizo lokuthi uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokukhumbula, ushintsho oluqondile esimweni sengqondo, ubunzima bemisebenzi yansuku zonke, noma ushintsho lomuntu oluthinta ubuhlobo bakho. Lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, futhi udokotela angakusiza ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola nokunakekela.

Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza noma ukuzibulala, funani usizo lokuthi ngokushesha. Shaya i-emergency services, hamba e-emergency room, noma xhumana nomugqa wokukhathazeka kwengqondo ngokushesha.

Amalungu omndeni kufanele azizwe ekhululekile ukuxhumana nodokotela uma eqaphela ushintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni noma emakhono okucabanga komuntu abathandekayo, ikakhulu uma kukhona imbali yokulimala ekhanda.

Ziyini izici ezingena engozini ze-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-CTE. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingena engozini kungasiza abantu ukuba benze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nemisebenzi futhi bafune ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha uma kudingeka.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingena engozini zifaka:

• Ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni enobudlova iminyaka eminingi
• Ukuhlanganyela empini lapho kukhona ukuvezwa ekuqhumeni noma ekulweni
• Umbali we-concussions eminingi noma ukulimala ekhanda
• Ukuqala imidlalo enobudlova ebuntwaneni
• Ukudlala emazingeni aphezulu okuncintisana lapho ukuthinta kunzima khona
• Izici ezithile ze-genetic ezingenza ingqondo ibe buthakathaka

Iminyaka lapho ukuvezwa kuqala khona kungase kube nomthelela, ngokucwaninga okusikisela ukuthi izingqondo ezincane zingase zibe lula ekulimala kwesikhathi eside ngenxa yokulimala okuphindaphindayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici ezingena engozini akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothola i-CTE.

Ubude nobukhulu bokuvezwa kubalulekile. Umuntu odlele imidlalo enobudlova iminyaka eminingi noma ohlangane nokuthinta okuphindaphindayo ekhanda unesongo olukhulu kunomuntu onokuvezwa okuncane.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

I-CTE ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezibalulekile ezithinta izici eziningi zokuphila. Lezi zinhlanganisela zivame ukuba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukulimala kwengqondo kuqhubeka, okwenza ukubona kwasekuqaleni nokwesekwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukulahleka kwekhanda okukhulu okuhlukanisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ubunzima bokuhlala usebenza noma ubuholomholo
• Izingozi ezikhulayo ze-depression ne-anxiety disorders
• Izinkinga zokulawula i-impulse eholela ekuziphatheni okungena engozini
• Izifo zokuhamba ezifana ne-Parkinson's disease
• Izingozi ezikhulayo zokuzibulala

Ezinyathelweni eziphambili, abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise izimpawu ezifana ne-dementia ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu nokwesekwa. Izinkinga zokuhamba zingase zikhule, kufaka phakathi ukuzamazama, ubunzima bokuhamba, kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa.

Ukuthinteka ngokomzwelo emindenini kungaba kukhulu, njengoba ushintsho lomuntu nokuziphatha okungafanele kungase kuhlukanise ubuhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesekwa okufanele nokunakekelwa, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingaphathwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

I-chronic traumatic encephalopathy ixilongwa kanjani?

Okwamanje, i-CTE ingavivinywa kuphela ngemva kokufa ngokuhlolwa kwethisi lengqondo. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bangahlola izimpawu futhi bakhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izinkinga ezifanayo.

Phakathi kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, udokotela wakho uzothatha imbali eningiliziwe yanoma yikuphi ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuthinta okuphindaphindayo okuye kwakwenzeka. Bazophinde benze izivivinyo zokucabanga ukuhlola ikhanda, amakhono okucabanga, nezinye izinto zengqondo ezingase zithinteke.

Izivivinyo zezithombe zeengqondo ezinjenge-MRI noma i-CT scans zingase zisetshenziswe ukubuka ushintsho lwesakhiwo noma ukukhipha ezinye izimo. Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukuxilonga i-CTE ngokuqondile, zingase zinikeze ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nempilo yengqondo futhi zisize ukubona ezinye izimbangela ezitholakala kalula zezimpawu.

Abacwaningi basebenza ngokuzikhandla ekwakheni izivivinyo ezingase zixilonge i-CTE kubantu abaphilayo. Lezi zifaka izithombe zeengqondo ezikhethekile ezingase zibone i-tau protein kanye nezivivinyo zegazi ezingase zibone izimpawu zokulimala kwengqondo.

Iyini ukwelapha kwe-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

Okwamanje ayikho imithi ye-CTE, kodwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha zingasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu nokwenza ikhwalithi yokuphila ibe ngcono. Indlela ivame ukugxila ekunakekeleni izimpawu ezithile nokunikeza ukwesekwa kokubili kubantu kanye nemindeni.

Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zifake:

• Imithi yokusiza nge-depression, ukukhathazeka, noma izinkinga zokulala
• I-cognitive therapy yokusiza ngekhanda namaqhinga okucabanga
• I-physical therapy yezinkinga zokuhamba nokuhambisana
• Ukubonisana noma ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zomzwelo nokuziphatha
• Amaqembu wokwesekwa kubantu nemindeni
• Ukuhlukahluka kwesitayela sokuphila ukuthuthukisa impilo yengqondo

Uhlelo lokwelapha luvamise ukulungiswa ngokwezimpawu nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela kusiza ekuqapheleni izinguquko nokwenza izinguquko zokwelapha uma kudingeka.

Ukwesekwa komndeni nemfundo nazo yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha. Ukuqonda isimo kungasiza imindeni ukuba inikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle futhi ibhekane nezinselele ezingalethwa yi-CTE.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelapha kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, kunezinto eziningi ongenza zona ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yengqondo futhi uphathe izimpawu ze-CTE. Lezi zindlela zingase zengeze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha futhi zithuthukise impilo yansuku zonke.

Izindlela zokuphatha ekhaya eziwusizo zifaka ukulandela isimiso sokulala esiqondile, njengoba ukulala okuhle kubalulekile empilweni yengqondo. Ukudala amasiko kungasiza nezinkinga zokukhumbula nokunciphisa ukudideka ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwamandla akho kungasiza esimweni sengqondo, ukulala, nempilo iyonke. Ngisho nemisebenzi ebuthakathaka njengokuhamba noma ukuthinta ingaba usizo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okugcwele i-omega-3 fatty acids, ama-antioxidants, nezinye izondlo ezisekela ingqondo kungasiza futhi.

Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukucamngcisa, noma ezinye imisebenzi ezolile kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhathazeka nokwenza impilo iyonke ibe ngcono. Ukuhlala uxhumene nabantu bomndeni nabangane kunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nokukhuthaza ingqondo.

I-chronic traumatic encephalopathy ingavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-CTE ukunciphisa ukuvezwa ekuthinteni okuphindaphindayo ekhanda. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele ugweme yonke imisebenzi, kodwa kunalokho ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha.

Kubadlali, lokhu kungafaka ukusebenzisa imishini yokulinda efanele, ukulandela imithetho yokuphepha, nokuqaphela izinqubo ze-concussion. Ezinye izinhlangano zezemidlalo ziye zafaka ushintsho lwemithetho ukuze zinciphisa ukuthinta ekhanda, njengokulinganisela ukuxhumana ezivivinyweni.

Ukufundisa indlela efanele emidlalweni kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ubungozi bokulimala ekhanda. Isibonelo, ukufunda izindlela zokubamba eziphephile e-football noma indlela efanele yokuthinta ibhola e-soccer kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukulimala kwengqondo.

Uma uhlangabezana nokulimala ekhanda, kubalulekile ukuvumela isikhathi esifanele sokuphulukisa ngaphambi kokubuyela emisebenzini. Ukubuyela ngokushesha ngemva kwe-concussion kungase kukhulise ubungozi bokulimala okwengeziwe futhi kungenze kube nomthelela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho. Qala ngokubhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu oziqaphele, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yenza uhlu oluqondile lwanoma yikuphi ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuthinta okuphindaphindayo okuye kwakwenzeka ekuphileni kwakho. Faka ulwazi mayelana nokuhlanganyela emidlalweni, ukuhlanganyela empini, ezingozi, noma noma yikuphi ukungezwani okufanele.

Letha uhlu lwayo yonke imithi kanye ne-supplements owayithatha. Kusiza futhi ukuba nomuntu womndeni noma umngani oseduze ahambe nawe e-appointment, njengoba bangase baqaphele izimpawu noma izinguquko ongazange uzibone.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingase zidingeke, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okulindelekile kuqhubeke. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

I-CTE yisimo esinzima esingase sikhule ngenxa yokulimala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onembali yokulimala ekhanda ozoba naleli gciwane. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi ubani osengozini nokuthi singayivimba kanjani futhi siphathe kanjani i-CTE.

Uma ukhathazekile nge-CTE, kungaba ngawe noma othandekayo, unganqikazi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Bangasiza ekuhloleni izimpawu, ukukhipha ezinye izimo, nokunikeza ukwesekwa nezindlela zokwelapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi usizo luyatholakala. Nakuba ayikho imithi ye-CTE okwamanje, izimpawu eziningi zingaphathwa kahle ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwesekwa. Ukuhlala unolwazi, ukufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, nokuhlala uneqembu eliqinile lokwesekwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekhwalithi yokuphila.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Ungayithola yini i-CTE nge-concussion eyodwa?

I-CTE ivame ukuvela ngenxa yokulimala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda kunokuba yi-concussion eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, inani eliqondile lokuthinta okudingekayo liyahlukahluka kubantu. Abanye abantu bangase babe lula ekulimala kwengqondo kunabanye, futhi izici ezinjenge-genetics neminyaka lapho ukuvezwa kuqala khona kungase kube nomthelela.

Ingabe bonke abadlali be-football bathuthukisa i-CTE?

Cha, akuwona wonke abadlali be-football abathuthukisa i-CTE. Nakuba ucwaningo luthole i-CTE emazingeni aphezulu eengqondweni ezinikwe abadlali be-football abangasekho, lokhu akubimeli bonke abadlali. Izici eziningi zithinta ukuthi umuntu uthuthukisa yini i-CTE, kufaka phakathi inani lokuthinta, isikhundla sokudlala, iminyaka yokudlala, nokutholakala komuntu.

Ingabe abesifazane bangathuthukisa i-CTE?

Yebo, abesifazane bangathuthukisa i-CTE, nakuba kubikwe kancane. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane ngokomlando babe nokuhlanganyela okuncane emidlalweni enobudlova. Kodwa-ke, abadlali besifazane emidlalweni ezinjenge-soccer, i-hockey, ne-rugby bangase futhi bahlangane nokulimala okuphindaphindayo ekhanda okungase kube nomthelela e-CTE.

Ingabe kukhona isivivinyo segazi se-CTE?

Okwamanje, ayikho isivivinyo segazi esithembekile sokuthola i-CTE kubantu abaphilayo. Abacwaningi basebenza ekwakheni izivivinyo ze-biomarker ezingase zibone izimpawu ze-CTE, kodwa lezi zisazolungiswa. Ukuxilongwa kuphela okuqinisekisiwe okwamanje kuvela ekuhlolweni kwethisi lengqondo ngemva kokufa.

Ingabe ushintsho lokuziphatha lungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubeka kwe-CTE?

Nakuba ayikho indlela ebonakalayo yokuyeka ukuqhubeka kwe-CTE, izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengqondo iyonke. Lokhu kufaka ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukulala kahle, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka, nokuhlala uxhumene nabantu. Lezi zindlela zingasiza ngezimpawu nempilo iyonke, ngisho noma zingayelaphi isimo esiyinhloko.