Ukuqina Kwe-Liver (Cirrhosis): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqina kwe-liver (cirrhosis) kuyisimo lapho izingxenye ze-liver eziphilile zithathelwa indawo yizicubu ezinobuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ku-liver ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ebalulekile, njengokususha ubuthi egazini nokukusiza ekudayiseni ukudla.

Cabanga nge-liver yakho njengesihlungi esisebenza kanzima esihlambulula igazi lakho amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-7 ngesonto. Uma ukuqina kwe-liver kuqala, izicubu ezinobuhlungu zivala ukugeleza kwegazi ngokujwayelekile ku-liver. Lokhu kubekela umzimba wakho wonke uxinzelelo futhi kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu uma kungalawulwa kahle.

Iyini iCirrhosis?

Ukuqina kwe-liver kwenzeka uma i-liver yakho izama ukuzilungisa ngokwayo ekulimala okuphindaphindayo noma ekubeni luvalo. Njalo lapho i-liver yakho ilimalile, yakha izicubu ezinobuhlungu njengengxenye yokuphulukisa. Ngezinye izinyanga noma iminyaka, lezi zicubu ezinobuhlungu ziyakhula futhi ziqale ukudlula amaseli e-liver aphilile.

I-liver yakho ilungile kakhulu ekuzibuyiseni ngokwayo uma iphilile. Noma kunjalo, uma izicubu ezinobuhlungu ziningi kakhulu, i-liver ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ukuqina kuguqula futhi ukuma nokuqina kwe-liver, kuyenza ibe nzima futhi ingajwayelekile.

Lesi simo sikhula kancane, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase ungaboni zimpawu nhlobo. Yingakho ukuqina kwe-liver ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “ugula oluthule” kwaze kwaba yilapho lufinyelela ezigabeni eziphambili.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuqina kwe-liver ekuqaleni ngokuvamile akubangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo, yingakho abantu abaningi bengabona ukuthi banalo. I-liver yakho inamandla kakhulu futhi isasebenza kahle ngisho noma inezingxenye ezinobuhlungu.

Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, ungase uqale ukubona ezinye zalezi zimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka, ngisho nalapho ukhuluphuke
• Ukwehluleka kokudla noma ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha lapho udle
• Ukuphefumula noma ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Ukwehluleka kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba noma amehlo (jaundice)
• Urin oluyimnyama
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma esiswini
• Ukukhuluphuka kalula noma ukuphuza igazi
• Ukudideka noma ukukhuluphuka kokugxila

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa nemiphunga yokuphuza igazi esikhumbeni sabo, ikakhulu emzimbeni ophezulu. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Uma ubona ezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho.

Yini Ebangela Ukuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuqina kwe-liver kuqala lapho kukhona okulimaza i-liver yakho ngokuphindaphindayo isikhathi eside. Imbangela evamile kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kotshwala isikhathi eside, kodwa kunezimo eziningi ezingabangela ukuqina kwe-liver.

Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko okufanele uzibone:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala isikhathi eside - Lena yimbangela ehamba phambili emazweni amaningi
• Ukutheleleka yi-Hepatitis B noma i-C - Lezi zifo ze-viral zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-liver okuqhubekayo
• I-Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - Ivame ukuxhumene nesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphuka, noma i-metabolic syndrome
• I-Autoimmune hepatitis - Lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha lwezimpawu luhlasela i-liver yakho ngephutha
• I-Primary biliary cholangitis - Isimo esithinta imiphunga ye-bile e-liver yakho
• Imithi ethile - Imithi ethile ingalimaza i-liver uma isebenziswa isikhathi eside
• Izimo ze-genetic njenge-hemochromatosis noma i-Wilson's disease

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu, ukutheleleka okuthile, nokudla izinto eziyingozi. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukubona imbangela ethile, okuthiwa yi-cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuqina kwe-liver ngokuvamile kuqala eminyakeni eminingi yokudla izinto eziyingozi. Isigameko esisodwa asinakubangela ukuqina kwe-liver.

Nini Okufanele Ubheke Udokotela Ngokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingase zibonise izinkinga ze-liver. Ungalindi kuze kube zimpawu ezinzima, njengoba ukutholakala kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokuphathwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Funani usizo lokuthiwa ngokushesha uma ubona ukufiphaza kwesikhumba noma amehlo, ubuhlungu besiswini obuqhubekayo, noma ukukhula okungachazeki ezinyaweni noma esiswini. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi i-liver yakho ingase ibe nzima ukusebenza kahle.

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma unezingozi zesifo se-liver, njengomlando wokusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu, i-hepatitis ye-viral, noma umlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-liver. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kungasiza ekubeni ubone izinkinga ze-liver ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubekele ekuqineni kwe-liver.

Uma usuvele utholakala unesimo se-liver, landela iziphakamiso zokuhlola nokuphathwa zikadokotela wakho. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela noma ukuthambisa ukuqhubeka kokuqina kwe-liver.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuqonda izingozi zakho kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo ye-liver yakho. Ezinye izingozi ungazilawula, kanti ezinye azikho ngaphansi kolawulo lwakho.

Izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazilawula zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu - Ngisho nokusebenzisa utshwala olufanele eminyakeni eminingi kungandisa ingozi
• Ukukhuluphuka - Ikakhulu uma kuhlanganiswe nesifo sikashukela noma i-metabolic syndrome
• Ukuya ocansini okungavikelekile noma ukwabelana ngezindlela - Lokhu kukhuphula ingozi ye-hepatitis B ne-C
• Imithi ethile - Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile isikhathi eside kungalimaza i-liver
• Ukudla amakhemikhali ayingozi - Kuhlanganise nezinye izixazululi zezimboni nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza

Izingozi ongenakuziguqula zihlanganisa ubudala bakho, ubulili, ne-genetics. Amadoda avame ukukhula ukuqina kwe-liver, futhi ingozi ikhuphuka ngokuya ngobudala. Abanye abantu bafa baze bafumane i-genes ezenza babe sengozini enkulu yesifo se-liver.

Ukuba nesifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu kungakhuphula futhi ingozi yakho, ikakhulu nge-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuphatha lezi zimo kungasiza ekuvikeleni i-liver yakho.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuqina kwe-liver kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngoba i-liver yakho idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho. Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zivela ezigabeni eziphambili zesifo.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingase zenzeke:

• I-Portal hypertension - Ukucindezeleka kwegazi eliphezulu emiphungeni yegazi ye-liver
• I-Varices - Imiphunga yegazi emikhulu esibindini noma esiswini engaphuza igazi
• I-Ascites - Ukukhula kwamanzi esiswini
• I-Hepatic encephalopathy - Ukudideka nokuguquka kwengqondo ngenxa yokwakheka kobuthi
• Ukungena kwezifo okwandayo - Uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha lwezimpawu lungase lungasebenzi kahle
• Umshuza we-liver - Abantu abane-cirrhosis banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-liver
• Izinkinga zezinso - Ukuqina kwe-liver okuqhubekayo kungathinta ukusebenza kwezinso
• I-Bone disease - Umzimba wakho ungase ungakwazi ukufunxa i-calcium ne-vitamin D kahle

Nakuba lezi zinkinga zizwa zesabekisa, eziningi zingaphathwa ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuhlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zezinkinga futhi liziphathe ngokushesha lapho zenzeka.

Ukutholakala kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokuphathwa kokuqina kwe-liver kungasiza ukuvimbela noma ukulibazisa eziningi zalezi zinkinga. Yingakho ukulandelela njalo komtholampilo kubalulekile.

Ukuqina Kwe-Liver Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuqina kwe-liver ukulinda i-liver yakho ekulimala ekuqaleni. Njengoba izimbangela eziningi zokuqina kwe-liver zingavikeleka, unalo igunya elikhulu phezu kwempilo ye-liver yakho.

Nazi izindlela zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo kakhulu:

• Limita ukusetshenziswa kotshwala - Uma uphuza, yenza kancane noma ucabange ukuyeka ngokuphelele
• Thatha isithombe se-hepatitis A ne-B - Lezi zithombe ziphumelela kakhulu
• Yenza ucansi oluvikelekile futhi ugweme ukwabelana ngezindlela - Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi ye-hepatitis B ne-C
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo - Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela i-fatty liver disease
• Phatha isifo sikashukela ne-cholesterol ephezulu - Gcina lezi zimo zilawulwa kahle
• Sebenzisa imithi ngokuphepha - Landela imiyalo yokulinganisela futhi ugweme imithi engenasidingo
• Gwema ukudla amakhemikhali ayingozi - Sebenzisa imishini yokulinda uma kudingeka

Uma usuvele unesimo se-liver, ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kokuqina kwe-liver. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa imithi, ukwenza izinguquko zokuphila, noma ukwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Ngisho nokuthinta okuthile emikhweni yakho yansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni ye-liver yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-liver yakho inamandla okuphulukisa uma inikwa ithuba.

Ukuqina Kwe-Liver Kutholakala Kanjani?

Ukutholakala kokuqina kwe-liver kuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi, kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uzothanda ukwazi nganoma iyiphi ingozi onayo, njengokusebenzisa utshwala noma izinkinga ze-liver ngaphambili.

Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa komzimba, ahlole izimpawu njenge-liver enkulu, amanzi esiswini, noma ukufiphaza kwesikhumba. Ungase futhi abheke imiphunga yokuphuza igazi esikhumbeni sakho noma izinguquko ezinzwini zakho.

Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile yisinyathelo esilandelayo. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi i-liver yakho isebenza kangakanani futhi ibheke izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma ukulimala. Izivivinyo ezivamile zihlanganisa izivivinyo ze-liver, ukubala kwegazi okuphelele, nezivivinyo ze-hepatitis viruses.

Izivivinyo ze-imaging njenge-ultrasound, i-CT scans, noma i-MRI zingabonisa usayizi nokuma kwe-liver yakho. Lezi zivivinyo zingabonisa ukuqina, izinguquko ekugelezeni kwegazi, noma izinkinga njengokukhula kwamanzi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise i-liver biopsy. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha isampula encane yesicubu se-liver ukuyiphenya ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Noma kunjalo, izivivinyo ezintsha ezingenawo ubuhlungu zisetshenziswa ngokwanda esikhundleni se-biopsies.

Iyini Ukwelapha Kokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuphathwa kokuqina kwe-liver kugxile ekuthambiseni ukuqhubeka kokulimala kwe-liver nokuphatha izinkinga. Nakuba ukuqina ngokwakho kungenakulungiswa, ukwelashwa kwesikhathi esisheshayo kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukusebenza kwe-liver yakho okusele.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungisa imbangela yokuqina kwe-liver. Uma imbangela yilokho utshwala, ukuyeka ukuphuza kubalulekile. Nge-viral hepatitis, imithi ye-antiviral ingasiza ekuthambiseni ukuvuvukala kwe-liver nokuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo.

Udokotela wakho angase aphakamise imithi yokuphatha izinkinga ezithile. Isibonelo, i-diuretics ingasiza ekuthambiseni ukukhula kwamanzi, kanti i-beta-blockers ingase isetshenziswe ekuthambiseni ukucindezeleka kwegazi emiphungeni yegazi ye-liver.

Izinqubo zokudla ngokuvamile zidlalela indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni. Ungase udinga ukulinganisela usawoti ukuthambisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, udle amaprotheni anele ukuvikela imisipha, futhi uthathe amavithamini uma i-liver yakho ingasebenzi kahle ukucubungula izondlo.

Ezigabeni eziphambili, ukutshalwa kwe-liver kungase kubhekwe. Lokhu kuyi-surgery enkulu, kodwa kungasindisa impilo yabantu abanesifo se-liver esiphambili. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele ukutshalwa kwe-liver.

Ukuqapha okujwayelekile kubalulekile kungakhathaliseki uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzothanda ukukubona njalo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-liver yakho nokubuka izinkinga.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Ukuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuphatha ukuqina kwe-liver ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukwenza izinguquko zokuphila ezisekela impilo ye-liver yakho nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okuphelele. Lezi zinguquko zingasiza ekuthambiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokwenza impilo yakho ibe ngcono.

Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, gwema utshwala ngokuphelele uma lokho kwakuwumthombo wokuqina kwe-liver. Ngisho namanani amancane angalimaza i-liver. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka utshwala, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo zokusekela.

Qaphela ukudla kwakho ngokudla ukudla okujwayelekile, okuhlangene namaprotheni anele. Linganisela usawoti ukuvimbela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Udokotela wakho noma umtadisha wokudla angakusiza ukuba udale uhlelo lokudla oluhambisana nezidingo zakho.

Thatha yonke imithi ephakanyisiwe ngokuqondile njengoba iyalwe, futhi ugweme imithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa udokotela wakho. Imithi evamile, kuhlanganise i-acetaminophen, ingalimaza i-liver yakho ngamanani amakhulu.

Bheka izimpawu zezinkinga njengokukhula kwesiswini, ukudideka, noma ukuphuza igazi okungajwayelekile. Gcina uhlu lwezimpawu zakho futhi ulizise emihlanganweni yakho yezokwelapha.

Hlala utholakala ngezithombe, ikakhulu nge-hepatitis A ne-B, futhi uthole isithombe sakho seminyaka yonke se-flu. Uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha lwezimpawu lungase lungasebenzi kahle ngokuqina kwe-liver, okwenza izifo zibe nzima.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kwadokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kwedokotela kungakusiza ukuba uthole okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi awukhohlwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza futhi udokotela wakho ukuba anikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba ocacile ngezinto ezinjengamanani okukhathala, izinguquko zokudla, noma noma iyiphi ubuhlungu obuhlangenwe nakho.

Yenza uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuhlinzeka, imithi yokuthengisa, amavithamini, nezithasiselo zezimila. Letha amabhodlela angeziwe uma kungenzeka, njengoba lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni ngokuqondile izilinganiso.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nemibuzo eminingi kakhulu – kungcono ukubuza kunokushiya udideke noma ukhathazekile.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka, ikakhulu uma uhlangabezane nokudideka noma izinkinga zokukhumbula. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule lokho udokotela akushoyo futhi banikeze ukwesekwa.

Yiba nolwazi lwakho lokutholakala nokurekhoda kwakho kwezokwelapha ngaphambili. Uma usuvele unezivivinyo noma izinqubo zakamuva, letha amakhophi wemiphumela noma uqinisekise ukuthi udokotela wakho unayo.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Ngokuqina Kwe-Liver?

Ukuqina kwe-liver kuyisimo esinzima, kodwa ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele kanye nezinqubo zokuphila, abantu abaningi bangalulawula ngempumelelo futhi bagcine impilo enhle. Ikhona ukutholakala kwesikhathi esisheshayo nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuqina kwe-liver kuqala kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okusho ukuthi unethuba lokuthambisa ukuqhubeka kwalo. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, ukulandela iziphakamiso zokwelapha, nokwenza izinqubo zokuphila ezinele kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Nakuba ukuqina e-liver kungenakulungiswa, ukuvikela izicubu ze-liver eziphilile kungenzeka. Zonke izinguquko ezinhle ozenzayo – kungaba ukuyeka utshwala, ukudla kangcono, noma ukuthatha imithi njengoba iyalwe – kusiza ekuvikeleni ukusebenza kwe-liver yakho.

Ungalahlekelwa ithemba uma utholakala une-cirrhosis. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuqhubeka nokwenza kahle, futhi abantu abaningi abanesimo esinjalo baphila impilo egcwele, enenjongo. Gxila kulokho ongalulawula futhi ucindezele iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokwesekwa nesiqondiso.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuqina Kwe-Liver

Ingaphiliswa yini i-cirrhosis?

Nakuba ukuqina okuvela e-cirrhosis kungenakulungiswa, isimo ngokuvamile singaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo. Ezimweni ezithile, ukwelapha imbangela ephambili kungavumela i-liver yakho ukuba iphulukise futhi isebenze kangcono. Ngokuqina kwe-liver okuqhubekayo, ukutshalwa kwe-liver kungaphilisa.

Ubude kangakanani ongabuphila nge-cirrhosis?

Isikhathi sokuphila nge-cirrhosis sihluka kakhulu kuye ngesigaba sesifo, imbangela ephambili, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Abantu abaningi abanesigaba sokuqala se-cirrhosis baphila isikhathi eside sokuphila ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele. Udokotela wakho angakunika ulwazi oluqondile olusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabangelwa yini i-cirrhosis utshwala kuphela?

Cha, nakuba utshwala luyimbangela evamile yokuqina kwe-liver, kunezimbangela eziningi ezihlanganisa i-viral hepatitis, i-fatty liver disease, izimo ze-autoimmune, nezifo ze-genetic. Eqinisweni, izimbangela ezingelona utshwala zokuqina kwe-liver ziyaqhubeka zivame.

Ungaphuza yini utshwala nhlobo uma une-cirrhosis?

Odokotela abaningi bayeka ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokuphelele uma une-cirrhosis, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyibangele. Ngisho namanani amancane otwala angalimaza i-liver futhi enze isimo sakho sibe sibi. Uma uhlangabezana nokusebenzisa utshwala, buza udokotela wakho ngezinsiza zokusekela.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme nge-cirrhosis?

Ngokuvamile, kufanele ulimite usawoti ukuthambisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ugweme ukudla okungaphekwe kahle ukuvimbela izifo, futhi uqaphele ukudla okunama-iron uma une-iron overload. Udokotela wakho noma umtadisha wokudla angakunikeza isiqondiso esithile sokudla esisekelwe ezidingweni zakho nezinkinga.