Uyini i-CMV? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-CMV imele i-cytomegalovirus, i-virus evamile ebalelwa emndenini we-herpes. Abantu abaningi bayatheleleka yi-CMV ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwabo, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokwazi, ngoba ngokuvamile ibangela izimpawu ezilula noma azikho nhlobo.

Leli virus liqonda kakhulu ukufihla emzimbeni wakho. Uma usuvele utheleleke, i-CMV ihlala iphilile ohlelweni lwakho impilo yonke, njengoba kwenza i-chickenpox. Kubantu abaningi abaphilile, lokhu akuyona inkinga nhlobo ngoba uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha luligcina lilawulwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-CMV?

Kubantu abadala nabantwana abaningi abaphilile, ukutheleleka yi-CMV akubangeli zimpawu nhlobo noma ezilula kakhulu ezizwa njengokubanda okuvamile. Ungase ungalwazi ukuthi usuvele utheleleke, kungakho i-CMV ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-virus "ethule.

Uma izimpawu zivele kubantu abaphilile, ngokuvamile ziqondakala futhi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina okuncane okufika nokwehla
• Ukukhathala okubenza uzizwe udinga ukuphumula okwengeziwe
• Ubuhlungu bomphimbo olufana nokubanda okuncane
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, ikakhulukazi entanyeni yakho
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha obuzwayo njengokungathi ubelokhu uqeqesha

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa bese ziyaphela kancane njengoba uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha luthatha ukulawula.

Kodwa-ke, i-CMV ingabangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka, njengabantu abane-HIV, iziguli ze-kansa ezithola i-chemotherapy, noma abamukelayo be-organ transplant. Kulezi zimo, i-virus ingathinta amehlo, amaphaphu, isibindi, noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-CMV?

I-CMV yasakazeka ngokuxhumana eduze ne-body fluids ezithathelwanayo njengesiqholo, umchamo, igazi, ubisi lwesibeletho, namafutha ezocansi. I-virus ivamile kakhulu, ngakho ungayithola ezimweni eziningi zansuku zonke ngaphandle kokukwazi.

Izindlela ezivamile abantu abayithola ngazo i-CMV zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqabulana nomuntu onaleli virus
• Ukubambisana izimpucu, izitsha, noma ukudla nomuntu othintekile
• Ukushintsha ama-diapers ezingane ezithintekile
• Ukuhlangana ngokobulili nomuntu ophethe i-virus
• I-blood transfusions noma i-organ transplants (nakuba lokhu kunqabile ngenxa yokuhlola)
• Umama kuya engwaneni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuzalwa, noma ukuncelisa

Izingane ezincane zihle kakhulu ekusakazeni i-CMV ngoba ngokuvamile ziba naleli virus esiqholweni sazo nasomchameni, futhi azikhathali ngokuhlanzeka. Kungakho abasebenzi be-daycare nabazali bezingane ezincane banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokutheleleka yi-CMV.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela nge-CMV?

Abantu abaningi abane-CMV abadingi ukubona udokotela ngoba izimpawu zabo zilula futhi ziyaphela zodwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile lapho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubaluleka impilo yakho nokulondeka kwakho.

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuqina okuqhubekayo okuphezulu kuka-101°F (38.3°C) okuhlala izinsuku eziningi
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuhlupha imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• Izinkinga zobumhlophe njengokubona okuphazamisekile noma ukubona izibani ezicwebezelayo
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhokha okuqhubekayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukwelula okuqhubekayo
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka uma une-immune system ebuthakathaka

Uma ukhulelwe, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nge-CMV nodokotela wakho ngoba i-virus ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta ingane yakho ekhulela.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-CMV?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-CMV noma ukuthuthukisa izinkinga ezivela kuyo. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kukusiza wazi ukuthi nini kufanele uqaphele kakhulu futhi ufuna isiqondiso sezokwelapha.

Izici zengozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana noma zezempilo
• Ukuba nezingane ezincane ekhaya
• Ukuba nomsebenzi wobulili nabalingani abaningi
• Ukuba ne-immune system ebuthakathaka ngenxa yesifo noma imithi
• Ukukhulelwa (ikakhulu uma kuyi-CMV infection yakho yokuqala)
• Ukuthola i-organ transplant noma i-blood transfusion

Ubudala buphinde bube nomthelela emathubeni okutheleleka yi-CMV. Izingane eziningi ziyatheleleka ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5, kuyilapho abadala ngokuvamile bayithola ngokuxhumana ngokobulili noma ukuxhumana eduze nezingane ezithintekile. Lapho ukhula uma uthola i-CMV okokuqala, kuba khona amathuba okuqaphela izimpawu.

Ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzogula ngokuqinisekile yi-CMV. Kusho nje ukuthi ungase ufune ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe futhi uqaphele izimpawu ezingabonisa ukutheleleka.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-CMV?

Kubantu abaningi abaphilile, i-CMV ayivamile ukubangela izinkinga ezinzima. Uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha ngokuvamile luphatha ukutheleleka kahle, futhi uzophulukana ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zingase zenzeke ezinhlwini ezithile ezibuthakathaka. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka bangase bathuthukise:

• I-CMV retinitis, engase ithonye ukubona futhi ihole ekubunweni
• I-Pneumonia ebangela ubunzima bokuqeda
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (hepatitis)
• Izinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla kufaka phakathi ukugwinya okuhlungu
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (encephalitis) ezimweni ezinqabile

Lezi zinkinga zidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nokulandelelwa ngokucophelela ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Kubantu abakhulelwe, i-CMV ngezinye izikhathi ingadlulela engwaneni ekhulela, okuthiwa yi-congenital CMV. Izingane eziningi ezelwe ne-CMV ziphilile, kodwa ezinye zingase zibe nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni, noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Kungakho ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha nokuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

I-CMV ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-CMV ngoba ivamile kakhulu, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka ngezindlela ezilula zokuhlanzeka. Lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile ikakhulu uma ukhulelwe noma une-immune system ebuthakathaka.

Amasu okuvimbela okuphumelelayo ahlanganisa:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngesepha namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokushintsha ama-diapers
• Ukugwema ukwabelana ngokudla, iziphuzo, noma izitsha nezingane ezincane
• Ukungaqabulani izingane ezincane emlonyeni noma ebusweni
• Ukuhlanza amathoyizi namaphethini angase abe nesiqholo noma umchamo kuwo
• Ukwenza ubulili obulondekile nokukwazi isimo se-CMV somlingani wakho
• Ukuba oqaphile kakhulu ngokuhlanzeka uma usebenza ekunakekelweni kwabantwana noma kwezempilo

Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zingase zibonakale ziningi, kodwa kubalulekile kakhulu kubantu abakhulelwe abangakaze batheleleke yi-CMV ngaphambili. Udokotela wakho angahlola igazi lakho ukuze abone ukuthi usuvele ube ne-CMV, lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni amazinga akho engozi.

I-CMV ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-CMV ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka ama-antibodies uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha oluwenzayo ukulwa ne-virus. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole i-virus ngokwayo egazini lakho, umchamo, noma isiqholo kuye ngezimpawu zakho nesimo.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• I-CMV IgG ne-IgM antibody tests ukuze ubone ukuthi usuvele utheleleke muva nje noma esikhathini esidlule
• I-CMV DNA tests ethola i-virus ngokwayo emzimbeni wakho
• Izivivinyo zomchamo, ezilusizo ikakhulu ekutholeni i-CMV ezinganeni
• I-tissue biopsies ezimweni ezinzima ukuhlola ukuhileleka kwe-organ

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzothatha i-test efanele ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nokuthi uyingxenye yeqembu elikhulu lengozi. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka izivivinyo eziningi ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sesimo sakho sokutheleleka.

Uma ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba uhlonzwe wena nengane yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi i-virus idlulile umama kuya engwaneni. Lokhu kusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelapha nezinqubo zokulandelela.

Uyini ukwelashwa kwe-CMV?

Abantu abaningi abaphilile abane-CMV abadingi ukwelashwa okuthile ngoba uhlelo lwabo lokuphepha luphatha ukutheleleka ngokwemvelo. Ukugxila ngokuvamile kuwukulawula izimpawu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhululekile ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa ne-virus.

Kuzimpawu ezilula, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha lusebenze kahle
• Ukunisela amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale uthambile
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu yokuqeda ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane
• Ukusebenzisa ama-throat lozenges noma amanzi ashisayo ane-salt ukuze uqede ubuhlungu bomphimbo

Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka noma izinkinga ezinzima bangase badinge imithi ye-antiviral. Le mithi ingasiza ukulawula i-virus nokuyivimbela ekubeni ilimale imizimba yakho eminingi.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwe-antiviral kuhlanganisa i-ganciclovir, i-valganciclovir, ne-foscarnet. Udokotela wakho uzothatha imithi engcono kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sakho, ubunzima bokutheleleka kwakho, nokuthi ama-kidneys namanye amalungu asebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-CMV ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya ngesikhathi sokutheleleka yi-CMV kugxila ekusekeleni uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha nokuphatha izimpawu ezingakhululeki. Abantu abaningi baphulukana kahle ngezinyathelo ezilula zokunakekela wena nokubekezela.

Nansi indlela ongazizwa ngayo kangcono:

• Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho noma kusho ukuthatha isikhathi emsebenzini noma esikoleni
• Nisela amanzi amaningi, itiye lezimila, noma ama-broths ashisayo ukuze uhlale uthambile
• Dla ukudla okunomsoco okusekela uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze uqede ukucasuka komphimbo nokuqina
• Thatha izilimi ezishisayo ukuze uqede ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Gwema utshwala nokubhema, okuthina ukunciphisa impendulo yakho yokuphepha

Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukusakaza i-virus kwabanye ngesikhathi sokuphulukana kwakho. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zakho, futhi cabanga ukuhlala ekhaya kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane wakho uqeda futhi uzizwa kangcono.

Landelela izimpawu zakho futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ziyanda noma uma izimpawu ezintsha ezikhathazayo zivele. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono ngaphakathi kweviki noma amabili, kodwa ukuphulukana okuphelele kungathatha amaviki amaningana.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yodokotela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokukhathalelwa okufanele ngezinkinga zakho ze-CMV. Ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuhlela imicabango yakho nolwazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungenza i-appointment ibe yiphumelelayo kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, cabanga ukulungiselela:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zazinzima kangakanani
• Ulwazi mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukukhombisa okwenzekile kubantwana abancane noma abantu abangase babe ne-CMV
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulu noma yikuphi isimo esithinta uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha
• Uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinsiza ezikhethekile ozithatha njengamanje
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuhlola, izinketho zokwelapha, namasu okuvimbela
• Umlando wakho wokugonywa nanoma yikuphi ukuhamba okwenzekile

Ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yini ekukhathazayo. Imibuzo ingase ihlanganise isikhathi eside ozoba uthintekile, ukuthi nini ungabuyela emsebenzini, noma iziphi izimpawu okumele zikukhuthaze ukuba ubhale emuva.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa lokhu nodokotela wakho ngoba kuthinta kokubili izinqumo zokuhlola nokwelapha. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakunika isiqondiso esithile ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-CMV?

I-CMV i-virus evamile kakhulu abantu abaningi abayobhekana nayo ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwabo, futhi iningi lokutheleleka kulula noma alukho nhlobo. Uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha ngokuvamile luhle kakhulu ekulawuleni leli virus uma usuvele utheleleke.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-CMV ngokuvamile ayilimazi abantu abaphilile. Nakuba ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima kulabo abanezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngisho nalezi zimo zingaphathwa kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokulandelwa.

Izindlela ezilula zokuhlanzeka njengokuhlanza izandla njalo nokwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka. Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu, izimo eziningi ziyaphela zodwa ngokuphumula nezinye izinyathelo ezilula zokunakekela wena.

Hlala uxhumene nodokotela wakho uma unezinkinga, ikakhulu uma ukhulelwe, une-immune system ebuthakathaka, noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo noma ezibi. Ngolwazi olufanele nokukhathalelwa, i-CMV ilawuleka kakhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-CMV

Ungayithola yini i-CMV ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Uma usuvele utheleleke yi-CMV, i-virus ihlala emzimbeni wakho impilo yonke kodwa ngokuvamile ihlala iphilile. Nakuba ukutheleleka kabusha ngezinhlobo ezihlukile kungenzeka, kunqabile futhi ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu ezilula kunokutheleleka kokuqala. Uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha ngokuvamile linikeza isivikelo esihle ekuthini ungaphulile yi-CMV futhi.

Uhlala uthintekile isikhathi esingakanani ne-CMV?

Ungasakaza i-CMV amasonto kuya ezinyangeni ngemuva kokutheleleka, ngisho noma ungenazimpawu. I-virus ingatholakala esiholweni, umchamo, nezinye izinto ezivela emzimbeni ngaleso sikhathi. Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka bangase basakaze i-virus isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi njalo.

Ingabe i-CMV ifana ne-cold sores?

Cha, i-CMV ne-cold sores zibangelwa ama-virus ahlukene, nakuba womabili ebalelwa emndenini we-herpes. I-cold sores ibangelwa yi-herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 noma HSV-2), kuyilapho i-CMV iyi-cytomegalovirus. I-CMV ngokuvamile ayibangeli ama-sores abonakalayo emlonyeni wakho noma ezindebeni njenge-HSV.

Ingabe i-CMV ingabangela ukukhathala okuqhubekayo?

Nakuba i-CMV ingabangela ukukhathala ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okuqhubekayo, ayivamile ukubangela ukukhathala okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside kubantu abaphilile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bahlale bekhathele amasonto amaningana ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Uma ukukhathala kuqhubeka izinyanga, kufanele uxoxe ngezimbangela ezingase zibe khona nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngihlolwe yi-CMV uma ngihlela ukukhulelwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CMV ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kungasiza ngoba kukutshela ukuthi usuvele utheleleke ngaphambili. Uma ungakaze ube ne-CMV, kuzodingeka uqaphele kakhulu ngokuvikela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma usuvele ube nayo, ingozi yakho yokuyidlulisela engwaneni yakho iphansi kakhulu. Xoxa ngezinketho zokuhlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlela ukukhulelwa.