Umguluko Womlomo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umguluko womlomo uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala esibindini esikhulu, okuthiwa futhi yi-colon. Ngokuvamile uqala njengezinhlanganisela ezincane, ezilungile zezisele ezingabizwa ngokuthi ama-polyps angaba yomdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lesi simo sithinta ingxenye yokugcina yomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla, lapho umzimba wakho uqeda khona inkunkuma ngaphambi kokuyikhishwa. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, umguluko womlomo uyaphatheka kakhulu uma utholakala ngokushesha, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Umguluko Womlomo Ungubani?

Umguluko womlomo ukhula lapho amaseli e-colon ekhula ngokungenakulawuleka futhi enza ama-tumors. I-colon yakho imide cishe amamitha ayi-1.5 futhi ikusiza ekuqedeni izigaba zokugcina zokugaya ukudla ngokumunca amanzi nokwenza ubuthongo.

Iningi lemiguluko yomlomo iqala njenge-adenomatous polyps, okuyizikhulu ezincane ezikhula ekuqaleni kwesibindini. Lezi polyps ngokuvamile azilimazi, kodwa ezinye zingaguquka kancane kancane zibe yomdlavuza eminyakeni eminingi. Lokhu kuqhubeka kancane kuyizindaba ezinhle ngoba kunika odokotela amathuba okuthola nokukhipha ama-polyps ngaphambi kokuba abe yinkinga.

Amagama athi "umguluko womlomo" nethi "umguluko we-colorectal" avame ukusetshenziswa ngokulingana. Umguluko we-colorectal uhlanganisa bobabili umguluko womlomo nomguluko we-rectal, njengoba bahlanganyela izici ezifanayo nokuphathwa.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomguluko Womlomo?

Umguluko womlomo ekuqaleni ngokuvamile awubangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo, kungakho ukukhethwa njalo kubalulekile. Uma izimpawu zivele, zingase zihluke kuye ngobukhulu nendawo ye-tumor.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukushintsha kwemikhuba yomathumbu okuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi ukweluka noma ukuvimbela.
• Igazi emathunjini akho, elingase libonakale libomvu noma limnyama kakhulu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuhlala njalo, kufaka phakathi ukugabha, igesi, noma ubuhlungu.
• Ukuzwa ukuthi umathumbu akho awagcwalisi ngokuphelele.
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki ngaphandle kokuzimisela ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala okungaphuli ngokuphumula.
• Ubuthongo obucinyiwe obuthambile kunokujwayelekile.

Izimpawu ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise isicanucanu, ukugabha, noma ukuzwa ukugcwaliswa ngisho nasekudleni okuncane. Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nokuntuleka kwe-iron anemia ngenxa yokopha kancane, okuhlala njalo okungabonakali.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi ngaphandle komdlavuza. Izimo ezinjengomdlavuza we-irritable bowel syndrome, ama-hemorrhoids, noma ukutheleleka kungabangela izinkinga ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, uma uqaphela ukushintsha okuhlala njalo okuphela amasonto amabili, kufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zomguluko Womlomo?

Iningi lemiguluko yomlomo yi-adenocarcinomas, ekhula emazelini enza i-mucus ekuqaleni kwesibindini. Lo mbono uhlanganisa cishe u-95% wabo bonke umguluko womlomo futhi yilokho odokotela abakushoyo ngokuvamile lapho bexoxa ngokwelashwa komguluko womlomo.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa:

• Ama-tumors e-neuroendocrine, akhula emazelini akhiqiza ama-hormone.
• Ama-lymphomas, aqala emazelini esistimu yomzimba ngaphakathi kwe-colon.
• Ama-sarcomas, aqala ezinhlanzi zegazi noma ezinhlanganweni ze-colon wall.
• Ama-tumors e-gastrointestinal stromal, aqala emazelini akhethekile okuthiwa amaseli e-interstitial cells of Cajal.

Lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile ngokuvamile zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile kunama-adenocarcinomas ajwayelekile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizocacisa uhlobo oluqondile ngokuhlola i-biopsy, okusiza ukuqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha oluqondile.

Yini Ebanga Umguluko Womlomo?

Umguluko womlomo ukhula lapho ukushintsha kwe-DNA kubangela amaseli e-colon ukukhula ngokungenakulawuleka. Nakuba singazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zinguquko, abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezingandisa ingozi yakho.

Izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinto ezingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - iningi lamacala liqala kubantu abadala kuno-50, nakuba abantu abasebancane bangathuthukisa futhi.
• Umlando womndeni womguluko womlomo noma ama-polyps.
• Izimo ze-genetic ezifuywe njenge-Lynch syndrome noma i-familial adenomatous polyposis.
• Izifo ezivuvukayo zomathumbu ezinjenge-Crohn's disease noma i-ulcerative colitis.
• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi obomvu nokudla okuqediwe, okunefayibha encane.
• Ukwehluleka kokusebenza komzimba okuvamile.
• Ukukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi isisindo esiningi esizungezile.
• Ukubhema utshaba.
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala.
• I-type 2 diabetes.

Ukuba nokunye noma ngaphezulu kwezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomguluko womlomo. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingozi abawutholi umdlavuza, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezingozi ezaziwayo bayawuthola. Cabanga ngalezi njengezinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba akho, hhayi iziqinisekiso.

Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingakhuphula kakhulu ingozi yomguluko womlomo. I-Lynch syndrome ithonya cishe umuntu o-1 ku-300 futhi ingabangela umguluko womlomo ebudaleni obusemncane. I-Familial adenomatous polyposis ibangela ukukhula kwamakhulu ama-polyps, cishe iholela emdlavuzweni uma ingaphathwa.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngezimpawu Zomguluko Womlomo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokugaya ukudla ezihlala njalo okuphela amasonto amabili. Ungalindi kuze kube izimpawu zibe zinkulu, njengoba ukutholakala ngokushesha kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Igazi emathunjini akho noma ukopha kwe-rectal.
• Ukushintsha okukhulu kwemikhuba yomathumbu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuhlala njalo noma ukugabha.
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki kwama-kilogram angu-4.5 noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukukhathala okuhlala njalo noma ubuthakathaka.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukugabha okuhlala njalo, noma izimpawu zokuvimba kwamathumbu ezinjengokungakwazi ukukhishwa kwegesi noma ukuba nemikhuba yomathumbu. Lokhu kungase kubonise isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, landela imiyalo yokuhlola ephakanyisiwe. Abantu abaningi kufanele baqale ukukhethwa njalo komguluko womlomo ebudaleni obu-50, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unemlando womndeni noma ezinye izinto ezingozi.

Ziyini Izinto Ezingozi Zomguluko Womlomo?

Ukuqonda izinto zakho ezingozi kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi ngokuhlola nokukhetha indlela yokuphila. Ezinye izinto awukwazi ukuzilawula, kanti ezinye ungazithonya ngemikhuba yakho yansuku zonke.

Izinto ezingozi ezingaguquki zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala - ingozi ikhuphuka kakhulu ngemuva kwe-50.
• Umlando womndeni womguluko womlomo noma ama-polyps.
• Umlando siqu wama-polyps noma isifo esivuvukayo somathumbu.
• Izimo ze-genetic ezifuywe.
• Uhlanga - ama-Afrika aseMelika anamazinga aphezulu.
• Ubulili - amadoda anamazinga aphezulu kunabesifazane.

Izinto ezingozi ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila ongaziguqula:

• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi obomvu nokudla okuqediwe.
• Ukungeni okuncane kwefayibha.
• Indlela yokuphila engasebenzi.
• Ukukhuluphala.
• Ukubhema.
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala.

Ukuba nezinto ezingozi eziningi akusho ukuthi umdlavuza awunakuqaleka. Abantu abaningi bayaphumelela ekuthuthukiseni ingozi yabo ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo nokukhethwa njalo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuhlola amazinga akho ezingozi futhi aphakamise amasu afanele okuvimbela.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Ngokugula Kwe-Colon Cancer?

Abantu abaningi abane-colon cancer ekuqaleni abanamazinga ambalwa ezingozi, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, kuwusizo ukuqonda izingozi ezingase zivele ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilandele futhi uyixoxe neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Izingozi ezivamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuvimbela kwamathumbu lapho ama-tumors evala i-colon.
• Ukubhoboka noma ukukhishwa kwe-colon wall.
• Ukopha okungabangela i-anemia.
• Ukubhebhetheka kuma-lymph nodes aseduze noma kwezinye izitho.
• Imiphumela ehlangene yokwelashwa evela ekuhlinzweni, i-chemotherapy, noma i-radiation.

Izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukutheleleka okukhulu, ama-blood clots, noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokudla. Abanye abantu bangadinga i-colostomy yesikhashana noma ehlala njalo, lapho inkunkuma iphuma khona ngesikhala esiswini.

Iqembu lakho lezokunakekela impilo liqapha ngokucophelela izingozi futhi linezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle eziningi zezinkinga ezivela. Izingozi eziningi zingavimbeka noma ziphathwe kahle uma zitholakala ngokushesha ngokuhlola njalo.

Umguluko Womlomo Ungavimbeka Kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela wonke amacala omguluko womlomo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokuhlola njalo nokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ukuvimbela kugxile ekutholeni nasekukhisheni ama-polyps angaphambi komdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba abe yinkinga.

Amasu okuvimbela asebenza kahle kakhulu ahlanganisa:

• Ukukhethwa njalo okuqala ebudaleni obu-50, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unezinto ezingozi.
• Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ezithelo, imifino, nama-grains aphelele.
• Ukulinganisela inyama ebomvu nokugwema inyama eqediwe.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Ukusebenza komzimba njalo - zama okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku eziningi.
• Ukungabhemi noma ukuyeka uma ubhema.
• Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Ukuphatha i-diabetes uma unayo.

Ezinye izifundo ziyabonisa ukuthi i-aspirin yansuku zonke inganciphisa ingozi yomguluko womlomo, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yezingozi zokopha. Ama-supplements e-calcium ne-vitamin D nawo anganikeza isivikelo ethile, nakuba kunesidingo sokuqhubeka nocwaningo.

Uma unemlando womndeni noma izimo ze-genetic, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuqala ukukhethwa njalo ngokushesha noma ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukubonisana nge-genetic kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezimo ezifuywe kungaba yini olusizo kuwe nakumndeni wakho.

Umguluko Womlomo Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa komguluko womlomo ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlola abantu abangenazo izimpawu, noma ukuhlola lapho izimpawu zikhona. I-gold standard yokuxilongwa yi-colonoscopy, evumela odokotela ukubona i-colon yonke nokukhipha izicubu ezilimele.

Izindlela ezivamile zokuxilongwa zihlanganisa:

• I-Colonoscopy - i-tube enhle enekhamera ihlola i-colon yonke.
• I-CT colonography (i-virtual colonoscopy) - isebenzisa ama-CT scans ukwenza izithombe ze-colon.
• I-Flexible sigmoidoscopy - ihlola ingxenye yesithathu engezansi ye-colon.
• Ukuhlola ubuthongo obuhlola igazi noma ukushintsha kwe-DNA.
• I-Biopsy - ukukhipha izibonelo zezicubu zokuhlolwa kwelabhori.

Uma kutholakala umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuqondisa isigaba nokuqhakaza kokubhebhetheka. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ama-CT scans esifuba nesisu, ama-MRI scans, ama-PET scans, noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqapha ama-tumor markers ezinjenge-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen).

Isigaba sisiza ekuqondeni izindlela zokwelapha kanye ne-prognosis. Izigaba zihluka kusukela ku-0 (ezingaphambili kakhulu) kuya ku-IV (ukubhebhetheka ezinye izitho).

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwe-Colon Cancer?

Ukuphathwa komguluko womlomo kuncike esigabeni, indawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, abantu abaningi bezuza ukwelashwa okuphelele, ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza utholakala ngokushesha.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-tumor nezicubu ezizungezile.
• I-Chemotherapy esebenzisa imithi yokubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza.
• I-Radiation therapy esebenzisa ama-beams aphezulu kwamandla.
• Imithi ye-targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omdlavuza.
• I-Immunotherapy esiza isimiso sakho sokukhulula ukulwa nomdlavuza.

Ngokulashwa komdlavuza ekuqaleni, ukuhlinzwa kuphela kungase kube ukwelashwa okuphelele. Izigaba eziphambili ngokuvamile ziyazuza ekwelapheni okuhlangene. Iqembu lakho le-oncology lizodala uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondile olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukususa ingxenye ye-colon elimele nokuxhuma izingxenye ezempilo. Abantu abaningi bangabuya emsebenzini wabo wokuqala ngemuva kokululama. I-Minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques ngokuvamile iholela ekululameni okusheshayo nobuhlungu obuncane kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile okujwayelekile.

Ungawuphatha Kanjani Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa Kwe-Colon Cancer?

Ukuphatha ukwelashwa komguluko womlomo ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukusekela ukululama komzimba wakho ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yempilo engcono kakhulu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizonikeza isiqondiso esithile, kodwa amasu ajwayelekile angakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi unamandla.

Ukusekela ukudla kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Dle ukudla okuncane, okuvamile uma ukudla okukhulu kuzwakala kubi.
• Gxilisa ukudla okulula ukukugaya njengorayisi, amabhanana, ne-toast ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Hlala uthambile ngamanzi, itiye lezimila, noma ama-broths acacile.
• Thatha ama-supplements okudla alaywe uma kunconywe.
• Gwema ukudla okukhungathekisa isisu sakho.

Ukuphatha imiphumela ehlangene yokwelashwa ekhaya:

• Phumula uma uzwa ukukhathala - umzimba wakho udinga amandla ukululama.
• Thatha imithi yokulwa nokugabha njengoba kunconywe.
• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela olukhulu uma uthola i-radiation.
• Zama amasu okuqeda ukucindezeleka njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukuzindla.
• Hlala uxhumene nomndeni nabangane ngokusekela ngokomzwelo.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu nemiphumela ehlangene ukuxoxa neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Unganqikazi ukubiza uma unezinkinga - bangathanda ukukuzwa ngokushesha kunokuba izinkinga zibi kakhulu.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yezokwelapha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nabaphakeli bezempilo. Ukuba uhleliwe kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kukusize ukukhumbula imibuzo nemininingwane ebalulekile.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, butha:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zamanje ngesikhathi nobukhulu.
• Yonke imithi, ama-supplements, nama-vitamins owayethatha.
• Umlando womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imdlavuza.
• Imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezempilo.
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi kanye nokuhlonza.

Imibuzo ongafuna ukuyibuza:

• Yisiphi isigaba somdlavuza wami, futhi lokho kusho ukuthini?
• Ziyini izindlela zami zokwelapha?
• Yimiphi imiphumela ehlangene engangayilindela?
• Ukuphathwa kuzothinta kanjani imisebenzi yami yansuku zonke?
• Yini i-prognosis yami?
• Ingabe amalungu omndeni wami kufanele akhethwe?

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukusekela ngokomzwelo. Ungesabi ukucela ukucaceka uma kukhona okungacaci - iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuqonda isimo sakho ngokuphelele.

Yini Okubalulekile Ngokugula Kwe-Colon Cancer?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ngomguluko womlomo ukuthi uyaphatheka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha ngokuhlola njalo. Abantu abaningi bayaphumelela ekuqedeni leli xilongo futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo.

Ukuvimbela ngokuhlola kuhlala kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuvikela. Ukuqala i-colonoscopies njalo ebudaleni obu-50, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unezinto ezingozi, kungabamba izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zinkulu. Uma ama-polyps etholakala futhi asuswe ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ungavimbela umdlavuza ukuba ungakhula ngokuphelele.

Uma uxilongwa ngomguluko womlomo, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linezinto eziningi ezisebenza kahle ezitholakalayo, nocwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Gxila ekulandeleni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukugcina amandla akho, nokuxhumana nesistimu yakho yokusekela.

Themba umzimba wakho futhi ungawagcini izimpawu ezihlala njalo. Nakuba iningi lezingozi zokugaya ukudla akuyona umdlavuza, kuhlala kungcono ukuhlola nodokotela wakho kunokukhathazeka ngokuthula. Isenzo sokushesha sikunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokugula Kwe-Colon Cancer

Q1: Ingabe abantu abasebancane bangaba nomguluko womlomo?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, umguluko womlomo ungase uqale kubantu abangaphansi kwe-50. Amazinga kubantu abadala abasebancane aye ekhuphuka eminyakeni yamuva, nakuba odokotela abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani. Uma unezimpawu noma umlando womndeni, ungavumeli ubudala bakho bukuvimbele ekufuneni ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Q2: Ingabe umguluko womlomo uhlala ubulawa?

Cha, umguluko womlomo awuhlali ubulawa. Uma utholakala ngokushesha, izinga lokuphila iminyaka emihlanu liphezulu kuno-90%. Ngisho nezigaba eziphambili ngokuvamile ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni. Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ngemuva kokuxilongwa, futhi abanye bayaphiliswa ngokuphelele.

Q3: Kufanele ngikhethwe kangakanani ngomguluko womlomo?

Abantu abaningi kufanele baqale ukukhethwa njalo ebudaleni obu-50 futhi baqhubeke njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 nge-colonoscopy, noma ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhlola okunye. Uma unemlando womndeni noma ezinye izinto ezingozi, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuqala ngokushesha noma ukukhethwa njalo ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Q4: Ingabe ngizodinga ibhegi le-colostomy uma nginomguluko womlomo?

Abantu abaningi abanomguluko womlomo abadingi i-colostomy ehlala njalo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kudingeka, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile bangaxhuma izingxenye ezempilo ze-colon. Ama-colostomies esikhashana ngezinye izikhathi adingeka ngesikhathi sokululama, kodwa lawo ahlala njalo awavamile.

Q5: Ingabe ukushintsha kokudla kungavimbela umguluko womlomo?

Nakuba ukushintsha kokudla kunganciphisa ingozi, akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuvimbela. Ukudla izithelo eziningi, imifino, nama-grains aphelele ngenkathi ugcina inyama ebomvu neqediwe kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ingozi yakho. Noma kunjalo, ukukhethwa njalo kuhlala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ukufa komguluko womlomo.