Izipolyps Zomathumbu: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Izipolyps zomathumbu yizikhulu ezincane ezikhula ekuqaleni komthambo omkhulu (umathumbu). Cabanga ngazo njengeziqongo ezincane noma izikhulu ezifana nezimbobo ezikhula odongeni lomathumbu. Iningi lezipolyps alibi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingaba umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma zingaphathwa.

Lezi zikhulu zivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula. Abantu abaningi banezipolyps ngaphandle kokwazi ngoba azibangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuthola nokususa izipolyps ngokushesha kungavimbela umdlavuza womathumbu ukuba ungakhula.

Ziyini izimpawu zezipolyps zomathumbu?

Iningi lezipolyps zomathumbu alibi izimpawu. Yingakho zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “izikhulu eziqapheleki.” Ungaba nezipolyps eziningi futhi uzizwe uphilile ngokuphelele, yingakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubalulekile.

Uma izimpawu zikhona, zivame ukuba zimncane futhi kulula ukuzigcina ungaziboni. Nazi izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi izipolyps zikhona:

• Ukuphuma igazi emgodini noma igazi emathunjini akho
• Ukushintsha kwemikhuba yomathumbu isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu noma ukubamba
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iron anemia ngenxa yokopha okuqhubekayo kancane
• Ukuphuma komthondo emgodini
• Ukuzizwa sengathi umathumbu akho awuhlanzekile ngokuphelele

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ezinye izimo, ngakho kubalulekile ukungacabangi ukuthi unezipolyps ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kuphela. Indlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile iwukuphenya kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezipolyps zomathumbu?

Izipolyps zomathumbu ziza ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, ngayinye inezilinganiso ezahlukene zengozi yomdlavuza. Ukuqonda le miqondo kungakusiza uqonde lokho udokotela wakho angase akuqondise lona.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa i-adenomatous polyps, ezinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuguquka zibe umdlavuza. Lezi ziyagqamisa cishe u-70% wazo zonke izipolyps zomathumbu. I-hyperplastic polyps ngokuvamile ayibi futhi ayiguquki ibe umdlavuza, kuyilapho i-serrated polyps iphakathi.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-inflammatory polyps, ezikhula ngenxa yokuqina okuqhubekayo, ne-hamartomatous polyps, ezivame ukuba zilungile kodwa zingase zibe yingxenye yezimo ze-genetic. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma uhlobo oluqondile ngokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri ngemuva kokususa.

Yini ebangela izipolyps zomathumbu?

Imbangela eqondile yezipolyps zomathumbu ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa zikhula lapho amaseli ekuqaleni komathumbu akho ekhula futhi ahlukaniswa ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele. Lokhu kudala izikhulu ezincane esizibiza ngokuthi izipolyps.

Izici eziningi zingase zifaka isandla ekwakheni izipolyps:

• Ubudala - ingozi yakho iyakhuphuka kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50
• Umbukiso womndeni wezipolyps noma umdlavuza womathumbu
• Isimo se-genetic elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni njenge-familial adenomatous polyposis
• Izifo zomathumbu ezivuthayo njenge-Crohn's disease noma i-ulcerative colitis
• Izici zokuphila okuhlanganisa ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala, nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca
• Ukudla okunezinyama eziningi eziqediwe futhi okunefayibha encane
• Ukukhuluphala noshukela

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izimo ezithile ze-genetic zingabangela ukuthi izipolyps ezingamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zikhule. Lezi zimo, njenge-Lynch syndrome noma i-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, zidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile nokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngezipolyps zomathumbu?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqhubekayo kwemikhuba yomathumbu noma uqaphela igazi emathunjini akho. Ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zincane, kungcono ukuzihlola kunokukhathazeka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo yokuhlola evamile ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Iningi lezinhlangano zezokwelapha liqondise ukuqala ukuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza womathumbu eminyakeni engama-45 kubantu abangenangozi evamile, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unezingozi.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukuphuma igazi okukhulu emgodini, noma izimpawu ze-anemia njengokukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingavamile ukubonisa isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izingozi zezipolyps zomathumbu?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwezipolyps zomathumbu. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho unqume uhlelo oluhle lokukuhlola olufanele isimo sakho.

Ubudala yingozi enkulu ongayilawuli. Amathuba akho okuba nezipolyps ayanda kancane kancane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, kanti abantu abaningi bakhula okungenani nge-polyp eyodwa eminyakeni engama-60. Ubulili futhi ludlala indima, amadoda enezilinganiso eziphezulu kunabesifazane.

Umbukiso womndeni uthinta kakhulu ingozi yakho. Uma umzali noma umfowenu noma udadewenu babe nezipolyps noma umdlavuza womathumbu, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60, ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu. Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingabangela izipolyps ukuba zikhule ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.

Izici zokuphila ongazithinta zihlanganisa ukubhema, okwanda kabili ingozi yakho ye-polyp, nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala. Ukudla okunezinyama ezibomvu nezithosiwe kakhulu kuyilapho kuncane izithelo nemifino futhi kukhuphula ingozi. Ukukhuluphala, ushukela, nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca okuvamile kuqeda izingozi ezinqunywe.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke ngezipolyps zomathumbu?

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngezipolyps zomathumbu yikhono lazo lokuthi libe umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka engama-10-15, yingakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokususa kuphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni umdlavuza womathumbu.

Akuzona zonke izipolyps eziyoba umdlavuza, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zinezingozi eziphezulu. I-adenomatous polyps enkulu kunesisentimitha enye inamandla amakhulu omdlavuza. Izipolyps eziningi onazo kanye nobukhulu bazo, ingozi yakho yonke iyanda.

Izipolyps ezinkulu ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela izinhlupheko ngisho nangaphambi kokuguquka zibe umdlavuza. Zingase ziphume igazi elanele ukubangela i-anemia, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, zibangele ukuvimbela emmathunjini akho. Izipolyps ezinkulu kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela umathumbu ukuba ahlanganiswe, okudala isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-intussusception.

Ezinye izimo eziwumfuzo zingabangela izipolyps ezingamakhulu ukuba zikhule, okwenza umdlavuza ube yinto engaqondakali ngaphandle kokusebenta okuyisikhungo. Lezi zimo ezingavamile zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukususa ingxenye noma yonke imathumbu njengendlela yokuvikela.

Izipolyps zomathumbu zingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izipolyps zomathumbu, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokukhetha impilo enempilo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinguquko eziningi zizuzisa impilo yakho yonke futhi.

Ukudla kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni. Gxila ekudleni izithelo eziningi, imifino, nama-grains amaphelele ngenkathi ugcina inyama ebomvu nokudla okuqediwe. Ukudla okunefayibha kusiza ukugcina isimiso sakho sokuhlanza siphilile futhi kunganciphisa ukwakheka kwezipolyps.

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile kunganciphisa ingozi yakho ye-polyp nge-25%. Hlose okungenani imizuzu engama-150 yokuzivocavoca okumaphakathi ngesonto. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukugwema ukubhema, nokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala futhi kusiza ekuqedeni ingozi yakho.

Ezinye izifundo ziqondise ukuthi i-aspirin ne-calcium supplements zingase zisize ekuvinjelweni kwezipolyps, kodwa kufanele ukhulume ngalezi zinketho nodokotela wakho. Izinzuzo kufanele zilinganiswe nemiphumela emibi engase ibe khona esimweni sakho esithile.

Izipolyps zomathumbu zitholakala kanjani?

Izipolyps zomathumbu ngokuvamile zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile, hhayi ngenxa yezimpawu. Indlela evamile futhi ephelele yi-colonoscopy, lapho umthambo oluthambile olunekhamera uhlola yonke imathumbu akho.

Ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy, udokotela wakho angabona izipolyps ngokuqondile futhi azisuse ngokushesha ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile. Le ndlela “yokuqonda nokuphatha” ingenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zale ndlela yokuhlola. Izipolyps ezisusiwe zithunyelwa kwelabhorethri ukuze zihlalwe.

Ezinye izinketho zokuhlola zihlanganisa i-CT colonography (i-virtual colonoscopy), esebenzisa ama-X-rays ukudala izithombe eziningi zomathumbu, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqondene nemathumbu okuhlola igazi noma i-DNA engavamile. Noma kunjalo, lezi zindlela azikwazi ukususa izipolyps uma zitholakala, ngakho uzodinga i-colonoscopy yokulandelela noma kunjalo.

I-flexible sigmoidoscopy ihlola kuphela ingxenye engezansi yomathumbu akho kodwa ilahlekelwa izipolyps ezingxenyeni eziphezulu. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukukhetha indlela yokuhlola engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ebudaleni bakho, ezingozini, nakulokho okukuthandayo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezipolyps zomathumbu?

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kwezipolyps zomathumbu ukususa, okuvamile kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sendlela esetshenziswa ukuzithola. Iningi lezipolyps lingasuswa ngokuphepha nangokuphelele ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile.

Izipolyps ezincane ngokuvamile zisuswa ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-polypectomy, lapho i-polyp isikwa ngeloop noma i-snare. Izipolyps ezinkulu zingadinga izindlela zokususa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngezigaba ukuqinisekisa ukususwa okuphelele.

Ngemuva kokususa, inyama ye-polyp ihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze kunqunywe uhlobo lwayo nokuthi inamaseli omdlavuza yini. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuncoma ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okufanele nokukuhlola okuzayo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho izipolyps zinkulu kakhulu noma ziningi kakhulu ukuba zisuswe ngokuphepha ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy, ukusebenza kungadingeka. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngezimo eziwumfuzo ezibangela izipolyps ezingamakhulu kulo lonke umathumbu.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuphulukana ngemuva kokususa i-polyp

Ukuphulukana ngemuva kokususa i-polyp ngokuvamile kulula, kanti abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile ngaphakathi kosuku noma amabili. Ungase uhlangabezane nokuqina okuncane noma ukukhuluphala ngokushesha ngemuva kwesenzo, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuyaqeda ngokushesha.

Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukugwema imisebenzi ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa, njengokuphakamisa izinto ezinkulu noma ukuzivocavoca okunzima. Lokhu kusiza ekuvinjelweni kokopha ezikhundleni zokususa. Kufanele futhi ugweme i-aspirin nezinye izidakamizwa zokuqeda igazi ngaphandle kokunconywa udokotela wakho.

Qaphela izimpawu zezexwayiso njengobuningi besisu obukhulu, ukuphuma igazi okukhulu, umkhuhlane, noma ukuphefumula nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo. Nakuba izinhlupheko zingavamile, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo ngemuva kwesenzo.

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekudleni kwabo okuvamile ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24, nakuba udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuqala ngokudla okulula ekuqaleni. Hlala uthambile futhi kancane kancane ubuyele emikhwenyeni yakho yokudla okuvamile njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, buthana ulwazi ngombhalo womndeni wakho womdlavuza womathumbu, izipolyps, noma ezinye izimo zokugaya. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukulinganisa ingozi yakho futhi akuncome ukukuhlola okufanele.

Yenza uhlu lwezimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingena-relation nesimiso sakho sokuhlanza. Faka imininingwane mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zaqala nini, zivele kangaki, nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwedokotela nezinhlanganisela. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta ingozi yokopha ngesikhathi sezinqubo, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi konke okukuthathayo.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokuhlola, lokho okufanele ukulindele ngesikhathi sezinqubo, nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Ungangabazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukukusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nezipolyps zomathumbu?

Izipolyps zomathumbu zivame kakhulu, ngokuvamile izikhulu ezingenangozi ezingasuswa kalula ngaphambi kokuba zibangele izinkinga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungavimbela umdlavuza womathumbu ngokuthola nokususa izipolyps ngokushesha.

Iningi lezipolyps alibi izimpawu, yingakho ukulandela imiyalelo yokuhlola kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqala eminyakeni engama-45 kubantu abangenangozi evamile, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungabamba izipolyps lapho zincane futhi kulula ukuzisusa.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukulawula zonke izingozi njengobudala nombhalo womndeni, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokukhetha impilo enempilo. Ukudla kahle, ukuhlala usebenza, nokugwema ukubhema konke kusiza ekuvikeleni impilo yomathumbu akho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuthola izipolyps akuyona into yokwesaba. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokulandelwa, izipolyps zingaphathwa kahle, futhi umdlavuza womathumbu ungavikeleka ezimweni eziningi.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nezipolyps zomathumbu

Q1: Ingabe izipolyps zomathumbu zihlale ziyoba umdlavuza?

Cha, iningi lezipolyps zomathumbu alibi umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ebizwa ngokuthi i-adenomatous polyps zinekhono lokuthi zikhule zibe umdlavuza eminyakeni engama-10-15 uma zingaphathwa. Yingakho odokotela becela ukususa izipolyps lapho zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-polyp kuya kumdlavuza kuyinqubo ehamba kancane, okukunika isikhathi esiningi sokuyivimbela ngokuhlola okuvamile nokususa.

Q2: Kufanele ngihlolwe kangaki ngemuva kokususa izipolyps?

Isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo siyacishe sibe ngokusekelwe enanini, ubukhulu, nohlobo lwezi-polyps ezisusiwe. Uma ube nezipolyps ezincane, ezingenangozi encane, ungadinga ukuhlolwa eminyakeni engama-5-10. Noma kunjalo, uma ube nezipolyps ezinkulu noma i-adenomatous polyps eziningi, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa okuvamile eminyakeni engama-3-5. Udokotela wakho uzokunika izincomo ezithile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu siqu nemiphumela ye-pathology.

Q3: Ngikwazi yini ukuzwa izipolyps zomathumbu zikhula ngaphakathi kimi?

Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuzwa izipolyps zomathumbu nhlobo, yingakho ngokuvamile zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile kunokuba kube ngenxa yezimpawu. Izipolyps ngokuvamile zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi azibangeli ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki. Ngezinye izikhathi, izipolyps ezinkulu zingase zibangele ukubamba okuncane noma ukushintsha kwemikhuba yomathumbu, kodwa iningi lazo liyahlala liqapheleki kuze kutholakale ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy.

Q4: Ingabe kukhona ukudla okungasiza ekuvinjelweni kwezipolyps zomathumbu?

Nakuba akukho ukudla olulodwa olungaqinisekisa ukuvimbela, ukudla okunezithelo eziningi, imifino, nama-grains amaphelele kungasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yakho. Ukudla okunefayibha eningi, njengebhinsi, ama-berries, ne-leafy greens, kusekela impilo yomathumbu. Ukulinganisela inyama ebomvu, inyama ethosiwe, nokudla okuqediwe kakhulu kungase futhi kube lumnandi. Ezinye izifundo ziqondise ukuthi ukudla okune-folate, i-calcium, ne-antioxidants kungase kube nemiphumela evikela, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.

Q5: Kwenzekani uma kutholakala ukuthi izipolyps zinezicubu zomdlavuza?

Uma kutholakala amaseli omdlavuza ku-polyp esusiwe, udokotela wakho uzokunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi ezihlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, ukuthi ukhule kangakanani, nokuthi imingcele ye-polyp esusiwe ihlanzekile yini. Ezimweni eziningi, ukususa okuphelele i-polyp kwanele ukwelashwa uma umdlavuza ufinyelele ku-polyp. Noma kunjalo, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukulandelela okuvamile. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngazo zonke izinketho futhi enze uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele isimo sakho esithile.