Ukuqothuka Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuqothuka yisimo sokungazi lutho okwengeziwe lapho umuntu engenakuvuka, aphendule imisindo, noma asabela ebuhlungwini. Cabanga ngakho njengendlela yokuzivimba yengqondo lapho ilimalile kakhulu noma liqiniswe kakhulu, kufana nendlela umzimba wakho oya ngayo ekuthukutheleni ngemuva kokulimalala. Nakuba igama elithi "ukuqothuka" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini empeleni kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nalesi simo esinzima ngokucacile nangethemba eliningi.

Ukuqothuka yini?

Ukuqothuka kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lokuvusa ingqondo luyeka ukusebenza, kuvimba ukuqaphela okuvamile. Ingqondo yakho inethiwekhi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo oluvusa olusebenza njalo olukuvusa futhi olukuqaphela. Uma lesi sistimu silimale noma liyeka ukusebenza, uya ekuqothukeni.

Phakathi nokuqothuka, umuntu ubonakala elale kodwa akanakuvuswa yizinto ezivamile njengomisindo omkhulu, izibani ezicwebezelayo, noma ngisho nobuhlungu. Amehlo abo ahlala evalekile, futhi ababonisi izimpendulo ezinhloko endaweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba eyiyisisekelo njengokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuvamile iyaqhubeka isebenza.

Ukuqothuka kukhona ezingeni lezingozi zokungazi lutho. Abanye abantu bangabonisa izimpawu ezincane zokwazi, kanti abanye bahlala bengaphenduli nhlobo. Ubukhulu nobude kungase kuhluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngalokho okubangele ukuqothuka nokuthi yingakanani ingxenye yengqondo eyaqiniswa.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqothuka?

Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqothuka kungakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kumuntu omthandayo. Izimpawu zihlukile kakhulu futhi zihlanganisa kokubili lokho ongakubona nalokho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okukudalula.

Izimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Amehlo avalekile angavuli, ngisho nasemisondelweni emikhulu noma ukubamba
• Awekho amaphendulo okuqondile ezwi, ukubamba, noma ubuhlungu
• Izindlela zokuphefumula ezingavamile noma ukuxhomeka kumshini wokuphefumula
• Awekho amazwi noma ukuzama ukukhulumisana
• Izingalo ezinzima noma eziqala ukubonisa isimo esingavamile

Abasebenza kwezokwelapha nabo bafuna izimpawu ezingabonakali kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungabikho noma ukungajwayelekile kwezimpendulo, njengezithombe ezingephenduli ekukhanyeni, noma amehlo angalandeli ukuhamba. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqaphele ukuhamba noma imisindo engalawuleki, kodwa lokhu akubonisi ukuqaphela okuqondile.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukubonakala komuntu ngamunye kungase kuhluke. Abanye bangase babonakale bezolile, kanti abanye bangase babonise izimpawu zokungazoli noma ukuhamba okungajwayelekile. Lezi zinguquko zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde imbangela ejulile kanye nethuba lokuphulukana.

Yini ebangela i-coma?

I-coma kwenzeka lapho okuthile kuphazamisa kakhulu umsebenzi ojwayelekile wengqondo. Izimbangela ziwela ezinhlotsheni eziningi eziyinhloko, ngayinye ithonya ingqondo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kokuzwakala kokuzwakala ezingozi, ekuwa, noma udlame
• Isifo sohlangothi esisika ukugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni eziqakathekile zengqondo
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis
• Ukudlula ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa noma ukuhlungwa okunethelela ikhemikhali yengqondo
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kweswekile okubangela ushukela egazini ophezulu noma ophansi kakhulu
• Ukungaqheli komoya ebuchosheni ngokunqunywa noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa iziphundu zengqondo, ukuhlushwa okungapheli, noma ukuhluleka okukhulu kwesibindi noma izingqinamba. Ngezinye izikhathi izici eziningi zihlangana ukudala isiphepho esiphelele esibangela ukungazi lutho.

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izimo ezithile zokuziphatha komzimba lapho umzimba uhlasela inyama yengqondo yakhe, noma izifo ezivela egazini eziqeda ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuqonda imbangela ethile kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela yokwelapha engcono futhi kunikeza imindeni umbono ocacile wento okufanele bayilindele.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-coma?

I-coma ihlale iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela ngokushesha. Uma othile engaqapheli futhi engaqali ukuphakama naphezu kwemizamo yakho, shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi umuntu uthuthuka yini ngokwakhe. Ngisho noma bekhuluma imizuzu nje ngaphambi kwalokho, ukungazi lutho ngokuzumayo kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Isikhathi siyinhlanganisela ebalulekile ngoba izimbangela eziningi zokoma zingaphathwa kahle uma zitholakala ekuqaleni.

Ngesikhathi ulinda usizo, gcina indlela yomoya yomuntu ihlanzekile futhi uqaphele ukuphefumula kwakhe. Ungazami ukumnika ukudla noma amanzi, ngoba angase aphuze. Uma wazi ukuthi yini ebingase ibe yimbangela yokungazi lutho, njengokudlula kwenani lemithi noma ukulimala kwekhanda, yabelana ngolwazi lwakho nochwepheshe be-paramedics.

Iyini imikhakha eyingozi yokoma?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba omuntu okuhlushwa yikoma. Ukuqonda lezi zingozini kungasiza ekunqobeni nasekuqapheni ekuqaleni izimpawu zexwayiso.

Isimo sezempilo esikhulisa ingozi sihlanganisa:

• I-Diabetes, ikakhulukazi uma ingalawulwa kahle
• Umbhalo wezifo zokubamba noma isifo se-epilepsy
• Isifo senhliziyo noma izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo
• Isifo se-Liver noma isisu
• I-strokes edlule noma ukulimala kwengqondo
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ukuxhomeka kwemithi

Izici zesitayela sokuphila nazo zidlalela indima. Abantu abenza imisebenzi engozi enkulu njengemidlalo ekhethekile, ukugibela imoto ngaphandle kwamakhelmeti, noma ukuphuza okukhulu babhekene namachansisi aphezulu. Iminyaka ibalulekile, njengoba abadala abakhulu behlushwa kakhulu yi-strokes kanye nokuhlangana kwemithi.

Ukuba nemikhakha eyingozi akusho ukuthi uzobhekana nakoma. Abantu abaningi abanezi zimo baphila impilo egcwele, enempilo. Noma kunjalo, ukwazi kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba niqaphele futhi nithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela uma kungenzeka.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zikoma?

I-Comas ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene, kokubili phakathi nesikhathi esingazi lutho naphakathi kokutakula. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza imindeni ukuba ilungiselele futhi ikhuthaze ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Izinhlanganisela zomzimba zingafaka:

• I-pneumonia evela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula noma ukugwinya okungalungile
• Ama-blood clots ezinyaweni noma emaphashini evela ekunganyeki
• Ama-pressure sores evela ekuhlaleni endaweni eyodwa
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokuqina kwamaqakala
• Ukutheleleka okuvela kuma-catheters noma emibhobho yokondla
• Ukuhlupheka ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ekuzama kokululama kwengqondo

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ixhomeke kulokho okubangele i-coma nokuthi ihlale isikhathi esingakanani. Abanye abantu bayaphila ngokuphelele, kanti abanye bangaba nezinkinga ezihlala njalo ngekhono lokukhumbula, ukuhamba, noma ukushintsha komuntu siqu. Ikhono elihle lengqondo lokuguquka lisho ukuthi ukululama kungaqhubeka izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

Ubunzima bomzwelo buthinta nemindeni. Ukubuka umuntu omthandayo e-coma kudala ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokungabaza. Izipitali eziningi zinikeza ukwelulekwa namaqembu wokusekela ukusiza imindeni ukuba ihlangane nale nkathi enzima.

I-coma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukuhlonza i-coma nokuthola imbangela yayo. Inqubo iqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele nokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha.

I-Glasgow Coma Scale iyithuluzi eliyinhloko odokotela abalisebenzisayo ukuhlola izinga lokuqaphela. Lovivinyo uhlola izindawo ezintathu: ukuvula kwamehlo, izimpendulo zezwi, nezimpendulo zomzimba. Amaphuzu ahlukahlukene kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-15, inani eliphansi libonisa ukungazi lujulile.

Izivivinyo zokubonisa ingqondo njenge-CT scans noma i-MRIs zingaveza izinkinga zesakhiwo njengokuphuza igazi, ukukhula, noma iziphundu. Izivivinyo zegazi ziqapha ukutheleleka, amazinga wemithi, ushukela egazini, nokusebenza kwamalungu. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela badinga i-lumbar puncture ukuhlola i-spinal fluid ngokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka i-EEGs ukuqapha umsebenzi womgogodla we-elekthrikhi noma ukuskena okukhethekile ukuhlola ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Uvivinyo ngalunye lunikeza ingxenye enye yephazili, kusiza odokotela ukuqonda kokubili imbangela nobukhulu bokulimala kwengqondo.

Iyini impilo ye-coma?

Ukuphathwa kwe-coma kugxile ekunakekeleni imbangela ephambili ngenkathi kusekelwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomzimba. Indlela ehlukile kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yini ebangelwe ukungazi lutho.

Ukukhathalela okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukuphefumula okwanele namanqanaba oksijini
• Ukugcina ukucindezeleka kwegazi nomsebenzi wenhliziyo
• Ukuphatha imbangela ephambili, njengokuguqula ukudlula kwedosi yemithi noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwengqondo
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga ngokubeka kahle nokuhlanzeka
• Ukupha ukudla ngemibhobho yokudla
• Ukuqapha ukuqhekeka noma ezinye izinguquko

Izindlela zokwelapha ezithile ziyahluka kuye ngesizathu. Isibonelo, ama-coma e-diabetic adinga ukulungiswa kweswekile legazi, kuyilapho ama-coma ahlobene nokushaya kwengqondo angadinga imithi yokuxazulula i-clot noma ukuhlinzwa. Ukutheleleka kwengqondo kudinga ama-antibiotic noma imithi ye-antiviral.

Ukusekelwa kokubuyiselwa kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa komzimba ukuvimbela ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi ukuze kugcinwe ukuguquguquka kwamajozi, nokuqeqeshwa kokukhuluma uma ukuqaphela kubuyile. Le ndlela ehlanganiswe yiziguli eziningi inikeza abantu ithuba elihle lokubuyiselwa okuyinhloko.

Ungakunakekela kanjani umuntu ophethwe yi-coma?

Ukukhathalela umuntu ophethwe yi-coma kudinga ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo. Ngenkathi ochwepheshe bezempilo baphatha izici zezokwelapha, imindeni idlala indima ebalulekile enkambweni yokwelapha.

Ungasiza ngokukhuluma nomuntu omthandayo njalo, ngisho noma engenakukwazi ukuphendula. Abantu abaningi babika ukuzwa izingxoxo ngesikhathi se-coma yabo, futhi izwi eliqhelile linganikeza induduzo nokuvuselela. Yabelana ngezindaba, funda izincwadi ozithandayo, noma udlale umculo abawuthandayo.

Ukuthinta komzimba kungaba nokukhathalela. Ukubamba isandla ngobumnene noma ukumomotheka okulula kungase kunikeze induduzo, nakuba kufanele uhlale uhlola ochwepheshe bezempilo mayelana nalokho okuqondene. Imindeni eminingi iletha iziphefumulo ezijwayelekile njengezinto zokunambitha noma izimbali ukuze idale indawo yomuntu siqu.

Ukukhathalela wena ngokwakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Isimo se-coma singathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, ngakho-ke zithathe isikhathi sakho. Yamukela usizo oluvela ezinye izilwane zakho nomndeni nabangane, futhi ungangabazi ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokusekela zezibhedlela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yezokwelapha ngesikhathi sesimo se-coma kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kwenza ingxoxo ibe yiyona ephumelelayo.

Ngaphambi kokubona odokotela, butha yonke imibhalo yezokwelapha efanele, kufaka phakathi imithi yamanje, izifo zakamuva, nezifo ezaziwayo. Uma i-coma iphuma engozini noma ekuphuza kakhulu, letha imininingwane mayelana nokuthi kwenzeke nini nokuthi kwenzeke nini.

Bhala imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili. Ungase ufune ukubuza ngesizathu esithile, isikhathi esilindelekile sokuphulukisa, ukwelashwa okukhona, noma izimpawu zokuthuthuka okumele uzibheke. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - lokhu yilokho odokotela abakulindele.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane e-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinzima. Imindeni eminingi iyathola kuwusizo ukumisa umuntu oyedwa njengomxhumanisi ophambili neqembu lezokwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-coma?

I-coma imele impendulo yengqondo ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ekuguleni, kodwa akuyona into ehlala njalo. Ngenkathi okuhlangenwe nakho kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuqonda isimo kusiza ukuthi uqhubeke naleli xesha elinzima ngethemba eliningi.

Ukuphulukisa kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bavuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuyilapho abanye bethatha amasonto noma izinyanga. Amandla engqondo okuphulukisa nokwenza izinto aqhubeka nemangazisa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ngakho-ke ukugcina ithemba ngenkathi ulungiselela imiphumela ehlukahlukene kunengqondo.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kuloluhambo. Amaqembu ezempilo, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, namaqembu wokusekela ayakutholakala ukukusiza kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Gxila kulokho ongakulawula, njengokunikeza ukwesekwa kothando nokukhuthaza ukunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngokuhlanza

Ingabe abantu abasemakomeni bangakuzwa uma ukhuluma nabo?

Abantu abaningi abaphila kabusha emakomeni babika ukuzwa ingxoxo, umculo, noma izwi ezaziwayo ngesikhathi sokungazi lutho kwabo. Nakuba singakwazi ukuqiniseka ngalokho umuntu ngamunye akuhlangenwe nakho, ukukhuluma nomuntu omthandayo njalo kungakulethela induduzo kokubili. Yabelana ngezindaba zansuku zonke, ufunde izincwadi abazithandayo, noma ubabulele nje ukuthi ubathanda kangakanani.

Isikhathi eside kangakanani amakoma ahlala isikhathi eside?

Ubude bekoma buyahluka kakhulu kuye ngesizathu nobunzima bokulimala kwengqondo. Abanye abantu baphila kabusha emahoreni noma ezinsukwini, kanti abanye bahlala bengazi lutho amasonto noma izinyanga. Ngokuvamile, uma ikoma lihlala isikhathi eside, ukululama kuba nzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, abantu baphila kabusha ngemva kwesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke isimo ngasinye sihlukile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwekoma nokufa kwengqondo?

Ikoma lisho ukuthi ubuchopho busalokhu bunomsebenzi othile, ngisho noma umuntu engeke avuke noma aphendule. Ukufa kwengqondo kwenzeka lapho yonke imisebenzi yengqondo iyeka ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yesiqalo sobuchopho elawula ukuphefumula kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo. Abantu abasemakomeni bangaphila kabusha, kuyilapho ukufa kwengqondo kungaguquki futhi kusho ukuthi umuntu ufile.

Odokotela bangabikezela yini uma othile azophuma ekomeni?

Odokotela bangakunikeza ukulinganisa okuqondile ngesizathu sekoma, isikhathi esilihlale, kanye nendlela umuntu aphendula ngayo ekuhlolweni okuthile. Noma kunjalo, ukubikezela imiphumela eqondile kuhlala kunzima ngoba ukulimala kwengqondo ngalunye kuhlukile. Abanye abantu badlula okulindelekile, kanti abanye abaphuli kabusha njengoba bebelindele. Amaqembu ezempilo agxila ekunikezeni ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu ngenkathi elungiselela imindeni ngezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Kwenzekani lapho umuntu eqala ukuphuma ekomeni?

Ukuphuma ekomeni ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane kancane kunokuba kube ngokuzumayo njengoba kubonakala kuma-movie. Abantu ngokuvamile badlula ezigabeni, beqala ngokuvula amehlo okwesikhashana noma ukwenza izinyathelo ezincane, bese beqhubekela ekulandela imiyalo elula. Ukuqonda okugcwele nokuxhumana okujwayelekile kungathatha izinsuku noma amasonto ukuze kubuyele. Ukubekezela nokugubha ukuthuthuka okuncane kusiza phakathi nale nkathi yokubuyiselwa empilweni.