I-Copd

I-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yisimo esiqhubekayo sehlombe esibangelwa ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Ukulimala kubangela ukukhula nokuvuvukala, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuvuvukala, ngaphakathi kwezindlela zomoya ezikhawula ukugeleza komoya kungena futhi kuphuma emaphaphwini. Lokhu kugeleza komoya okulinganiselwe kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvimbela. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuqeda, ukukhokha kwansuku zonke okuletha ukhulu nokuzwakala okubambe, okukhalaza emaphaphwini okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhalaza.

ICOPD ivame ukubangelwa ukukhishwa isikhathi eside ukuthepha, ukufuma, uthuli noma amakhemikhali. Isizathu esivamile kakhulu kukuthepha kwe sigarethi.

I-Emphysema ne-bronchitis ehlala njalo yizinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-COPD. Lezi zimo ezimbili ngokuvamile zenzeka ndawonye futhi zingase zihluke ngokukhulu kubantu abane-COPD.

I-bronchitis ehlala njalo iwukuvuvukala kokugqoka kwemibhobho ethatha umoya emaphaphwini. Le mibhobho ibizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchi. Ukuvuvukala kuvimbela ukugeleza komoya okuhle kungena futhi kuphuma emaphaphwini futhi kwenza ukhulu olwengeziwe. Ku-emphysema, izikhwama ezincane zomoya emaphaphwini, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli, zilimale. Ama-alveoli alimale awakwazi ukudlulisa oksijini olukhulu egazini.

Nakuba i-COPD iyisimo esingaba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-COPD iyakwelatshwa. Ngokuphathwa okuhle, abantu abaningi abane-COPD bangalawula izimpawu futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo. Ukuphathwa okuhle kunganciphisa nobungozi bezimo ezinye ezihlotshaniswa ne-COPD, njengokugula kwenhliziyo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Amakhaphuka e-COPD avame ukungabonakali kuze kube yilapho sekwenziwe ukulimala okukhulu kwesisu. Amakhaphuka avame ukuba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulu uma ukubhema noma ukukhombisa okunye okuvusa umsindo kuqhubeka. Amakhaphuka e-COPD angafaka: Ubunzima bokuthola umoya, ikakhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba. Ukukhwehlela noma umsindo wokukhwehlela lapho kuphefumula. Ukukhohlela okuqhubekayo okungaletha ukhukhuka olukhulu. Ukhukhuka ungaba msulwa, mhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesundu. Ukuqina noma ukukhulu kwesifuba. Ukwehluleka kwamandla noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kwesisu okuvamile. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose. Lokhu kungenzeka njengoba isimo sibe sibi. Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo, izinyawo noma imilenze. Abantu abane-COPD nabo banokuba nezikhathi lapho amakhaphuka abo eba sibi kune-day-to-day variation ejwayelekile. Lesi sikhathi sokuwohloka kwamakhaphuka kubizwa ngokuthi i-exacerbation (eg-zas-er-bay-shun). I-Exacerbations ingaqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikeni. Zingabangelwa izinto ezifana nezinongo, umoya opholile, ukungcoliswa komoya, izikhathi zokubanda noma ukutheleleka. Amakhaphuka angafaka: Ukusebenza kanzima kunjengokujwayelekile ukuze uphefumule noma ukuba nobunzima bokuthola umoya. Ukuqina kwesifuba. Ukukhohlela kaningi. Ukhukhuka oluningi noma ukushintsha kombala noma ubukhulu bokuthambisa. Ukuvuvukala. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma amakhaphuka akho engaphili kahle ngokwelashwa noma uma amakhaphuka eba sibi. Khuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yakho uma ubona amakhaphuka okutheleleka, njengokuvuvukala noma ukushintsha kokukhukhuka okukukhohlelayo. E-U.S., shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yokuphuthuma kwendawo ukuze uthole usizo noma uhambe ngqo e-emergency department esibhedlela uma ungakwazi ukuthola umoya, izindebe zakho noma imigodi yeminwe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, une-heartbeat esheshayo, noma uzizwa ukhulu futhi unebunzima bokuhlala ugxile.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma izimpawu zakho zingaphuli ngokwelashwa noma uma izimpawu zibe zimbi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho uma ubona izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengoba ubanda noma ushintsho e-mucus oyikhothula. e-U.S., shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yokuphuthuma lokusingenayo ukuze uthole usizo noma uhambe ngqo kwenye yezindawo zokwelapha ezigulini uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula, izindebe zakho noma imicu yeminwe yakho iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, une-heartbeat esheshayo, noma uzizwa ukhuluphulu futhi unesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.

Isizathu esiyinhloko se-COPD emazweni asethuthukile kukubhema utshaba. Emhlabeni osathuthuka, i-COPD ivame ukubangelwa abantu abahlala bekhona emkhathini ophefumlelwa ukushisa imithi yokupheka nokufudumeza emizini engenayo umoya omuhle. Ukukhuluphala isikhathi eside emkhathini wezinto ezikhiqizwayo, uketshezi kanye nothuli endaweni yokusebenza kuyisizathu esinye se-COPD.

Akuwona bonke abantu ababheme isikhathi eside abanazo izimpawu ze-COPD, kodwa bangase babe ne-lung damage, ngakho-ke amaphaphu abo awasebenzi kahle njengoba ayenza ngaphambili. Abanye abantu ababhema bathola izimo ezingavamile zamaphaphu ezingase zibonwe njenge-COPD kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kukhombisa ukuxilongwa okuhlukile.

Umoya uhamba phansi kwephepha lomoya elibizwa ngokuthi i-trachea futhi ungene emaphaphwini ngezikhwephu ezinkulu ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi. Ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu, lezi zikhwephu ziyahlukaniswa izikhathi eziningi njengemigqa yomuthi. Izikhwephu eziningi ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchioles ziphela ezinhlanganweni zezindwangu ezincane zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli.

I-alveoli inezingodo ezincane ezigcwele imithambo emincane yegazi. I-oksijini emoyeni ophefumulelwayo iya kule mithambo yegazi futhi iya egazini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-carbon dioxide, igesi eyi-waste product evela emzimbeni, iya e-alveoli futhi iphefumulelwa.

Uma uphefumula, ukukhuluphala kwemvelo kwe-alveoli kucindezela umoya omdala, kuvumela umoya omusha ukuba ungene. Lokhu kukhuluphala kubizwa nangokuthi ukuguquguquka.

Ku-emphysema, izindonga zangaphakathi zezindwangu zomoya zamaphaphu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli ziyonakele, zibangela ukuba zigqashuke ekugcineni. Lokhu kudala isikhala esikhulu somoya esikhulu kunokuncane futhi kunciphisa indawo ebonakalayo yokushintshana kwegesi.

I-Bronchitis iwukuvuvukala kokugqoka kwemizila ye-bronchial, ethwala umoya uya naphakathi kwamaphaphu. Abantu abanayo i-bronchitis bavame ukukhipha i-mucus ehlanganisiwe, engase ibe nombala ohlukile.

Ukukhuluphala isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo, njengokubhema, kulimala amaphaphu. Lolu wonakalo luvimbela umoya ukuba ungene futhi uphume emaphaphwini ngokukhululekile, luvimbela ikhono lawo lokuletha i-oksijini egazini nokususa i-carbon dioxide. Izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukugeleza komoya okuphumelelayo emaphaphwini yilezi:

• Emphysema. Lesi simo samaphaphu sibangela ukubhujiswa kwezindonga ezibuthakathaka nezinhlangothi ezithambile ze-alveoli. Izindonga zangaphakathi ezonakeleyo ze-alveoli zingase zibhujiswe, zidale isikhala esikhulu somoya esinzima ukusikhipha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezincane eziningi ezinempilo. I-alveoli manje ine-surface area encane engasetshenziswa ukushintshana kwe-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide. Futhi, umoya omdala uvalelwe e-alveoli enkulu ngakho-ke akukho sikhathi esanele sokuba umoya omusha ungene.
• I-bronchitis enamandla. Kulesi simo, imizila ye-bronchial iba yavuvukala futhi iyancipha. Ngenxa yalokho, imizila iyakhuluphala, yenza kube khona isikhala esincane somoya ukuba udlule. I-mucus eyengeziwe ebangelwa ukucasula ivala imizila eyancipha nakakhulu. Ukukhokha okuqhubekayo kuvela ekuzameni ukususa i-mucus emizileni yomoya.

Kubantu abaningi abane-COPD e-United States, ukonakala kwamaphaphu okubangela i-COPD kubangelwa ukubhema uqweqwe lwesigarethi isikhathi eside. Kodwa kungenzeka kube khona ezinye izinto ezidlalayo ekuthuthukiseni i-COPD ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu obhema othole i-COPD. Enye yalezo zinto ingaba ukuguquka kwe-gene okwenza abanye abantu babe nethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Ezinye izinto ezicasulayo zingabangela i-COPD, kufaka phakathi ukubhema i-cigar, ukubhema okwesibili, ukubhema ipayipi, ukungcoliswa komoya, kanye nokukhuluphala endaweni yokusebenza othulini, uketshezi noma emkhathini.

Cishe ku-1% yabantu abane-COPD, lesi simo sivela ekuguqukeni kwe-gene okuhanjiswa emindenini. Lena yifomu le-emphysema le-genetic. Le gene inciphisa amazinga eprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) emzimbeni. I-AAT yenziwa e-liver futhi ikhishwe egazini ukuze isize ekuvikeleni amaphaphu ekubhujisweni okubangelwa ukubhema, uketshezi nothuli.

Amazinga aphansi ale protheni, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, ingabangela ukonakala kwe-liver, izimo zamaphaphu ezinjenge-COPD noma zombili. Ngokusilela kwe-AAT, ngokuvamile kube khona umlando womndeni we-COPD, futhi izimpawu ziqala ebuntwaneni.

Izimbangela ezingozi ze-COPD zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema utshaba. Imbangela enkulu kakhulu ye-COPD ukubhema isigarethi isikhathi eside. Eminyakeni eminingi obhema kanye namapakithi amaningi obhema, yingako ingozi yakho ikhulu. Ukubhema iphayipi, isigarethi neMarijuana kungase futhi kukhulise ingozi yakho. Abantu abaphefumula uthuli olukhulu lwe-secondhand smoke baphazanyiswa yi-COPD futhi.
• I-Asthma. I-Asthma yisimo lapho izindlela zomoya zihlwitha khona futhi zifufule futhi zingase zikhiqize ukhulu olukhulu. I-Asthma ingaba yimbangela engozi yokuthuthukisa i-COPD. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Asthma nokubhema kukhulise ingozi ye-COPD nakakhulu.
• Ukubhebhetheka endaweni yokusebenza. Ukubhebhetheka isikhathi eside ezimfumbeni zekhemikhali, uthuli, ukufuma nothuli endaweni yokusebenza kungakhungathekisa futhi kubangele ukufufuza emaphashini. Lokhu kungase kukhulise ingozi ye-COPD.
• Imifutho evela ekushiseni uketshezi. Ezweni elithuthukayo, abantu abavezwe emifuthweni evela ekushiseni uketshezi kokupheka nokufudumeza emizini enomoya omubi baphazanyiswa kakhulu yi-COPD.
• I-Genetics. Ukungabi khona kwe-AAT okubangelwa yinguquko ye-gene edluliselwa emindenini yimbangela ye-COPD kwabanye abantu. Lolu hlobo lwe-emphysema oluvela ku-genetic aluvamile. Ezinye izici ze-genetic zingenza abantu abathile ababhema babe nethuba elikhulu lokuthola i-COPD.

I-COPD ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, okuhlanganisa: Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula. Abantu abane-COPD banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuthola izikhathi zokubanda, isifo sikagciwane, ne-pneumonia. Noma yiluphi ukutheleleka kokuphefumula kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula futhi kungalimaza kakhulu izicubu zephunga. Izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ngezizathu ezingaqondakali ngokuphelele, i-COPD ingandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, okuhlanganisa nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Umdlavuza wephunga. Abantu abane-COPD banengozi enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wephunga. Ukuphindaphindeka kwegazi emaphaphu. I-COPD ingabangela ukuphakama kwegazi emathanjeni athatha igazi kumaphaphu. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary hypertension. Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Ukuphefumula okunzima kungakuvimbela ekwenzeni imisebenzi oyithandayo. Futhi ukuba nesimo sezokwelapha esinzima njenge-COPD ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.

Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zezokwelapha, i-COPD ivame ukuba nomsuka oqondile nendlela ecacile yokuyivimbela. Ngokuvamile, i-COPD ihlobene ngokuqondile nokubhema utshwala. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD ukungabhemi nhlobo. Uma ubhema futhi une-COPD, ukuyeka manje kunganciphisa ukuthi isimo sibe sibi kangakanani. Uma ubilokhu ubhema isikhathi eside, ukuyeka kungaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma usuke wazama ukuyeka kanye, kabili noma izikhathi eziningi ngaphambili. Kodwa qhubeka uzama ukuyeka. Kubalulekile ukuthola uhlelo lokuyeka ukubhema olungakusiza ukuba uyeke ngokuphelele. Yilona ithuba lakho elihle kakhulu lokuncipha komonakalo emaphaphwini akho. Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma ochwepheshe bezempilo mayelana nezinketho ezingase zikusebenzele kangcono. Ukubhekana nezinto ezikhiqiza umusi, ukufutha nothuli emsebenzini kuyisici esinye esingathinta i-COPD. Uma usebenza nezinhlobo zokukhathaza amaphaphu, xoxa nomqondisi wakho mayelana nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivimbela. Lokhu kungafaka ukugqoka imishini ekuvimbela ukuphefumula lezi zinto. Nazi izinyathelo ezimbalwa ongaziqhubela ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlobene ne-COPD:

• Yeka ukubhema ukuze unciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza wephaphu.
• Thola isithombe sokugoma lwe-influenza minyaka yonke kanye nesiqalekiso sokugoma lwe-pneumococcal pneumonia ukuze unciphise ingozi noma uvikele ezinye izifo. Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma ochwepheshe bezempilo mayelana nokuthi nini udinga isithombe sokugoma lwe-COVID-19 kanye nesiqalekiso sokugoma lwe-RSV.

I-COPD ivame ikakhulu kunzima ukuyihlonza ngoba izimpawu zingafana nalezo zezinye izimo zephunga. Abantu abaningi abane-COPD bangase bangahlolwa kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlonza isimo sakho, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bahlola izimpawu zakho futhi babuze ngomlando wakho womndeni nowempilo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukukhishwa okukubeke ezingozini zezithukutheli zephunga—ikakhulukazi ukubhema. Ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo benza ukuhlolwa komzimba okuhlanganisa ukulalela amaphaphu akho. Ungase futhi ube nezinye zezivivinyo ukuze uhlolwe isimo sakho: ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wephunga, ukuhlolwa kwelaba kanye nemifanekiso. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wephunga I-Spirometer Khulisa isithombe Vala i-Spirometer I-Spirometer I-spirometer iyidivayisi yokuhlola elinganisa inani lomoya ongaluphefumula nokuphefumula nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphefumula ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuphefumula ngokujulile. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wephunga kwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kangcono kangakanani. Lezi zihloko zingase zihlanganise: I-Spirometry. Kulolu vi vinyo, uphefumula ngokushesha nangamandla ngompompi oxhunyiwe komshini. Umshini uqapha ukuthi amaphaphu angagcina kangakanani umoya nokuthi umoya uhamba ngokushesha kangakanani ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaphaphu. I-Spirometry ihlonza i-COPD futhi ithi ukwanda komoya kunqunywe kangakanani. Ukuhlolwa komthamo wephunga. Lo mvivinyo uqapha inani lomoya amaphaphu agcina ngezikhathi ezahlukene lapho uphefumula. Ukuhlolwa kokusabalala kwephunga. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa ukuthi umzimba uhambisa kangcono kangakanani i-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide phakathi kwamaphaphu negazi. I-Pulse oximetry. Lo mvivinyo olula usebenzisa idivayisi encane ebekwe kwenye yeminwe yakho ukuqapha ukuthi kukhona kangakanani i-oksijini egazini lakho. Izinga le-oksijini egazini libizwa ngokuthi ukugcwala kwe-oksijini. Ungase futhi ube novivinyo lokuhamba imizuzu emihlanu ubude ngokuhlolwa kokugcwala kwe-oksijini yakho. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela komzimba. Ukuhlolwa komzimba etreadmill noma ebhayisikili elimi ezinye izindawo kungase kusetshenziswe ukuqapha umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Imifanekiso I-X-ray yesifuba. I-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa ezinye izinguquko zephunga ezivela ku-COPD. I-X-ray ingase futhi ikhiphe ezinye izinkinga zephunga noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. I-CT scan. I-CT scan ihlanganisa izithombe ze-X-ray ezithathwe emakhoneni ahlukene ukudala izithombe zezakhiwo ezikhathini zomzimba. I-CT scan inikeza imininingwane eminingi kakhulu yezinguquko emaphaphwini akho kunokwenza i-X-ray yesifuba. I-CT scan yamaphaphu akho ingabonisa i-emphysema ne-bronchitis ehlala njalo. I-CT scan ingase futhi isize ukutshela ukuthi ungase uzuze yini ekuhlinzweni kwe-COPD. I-CT scans ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola umdlavuza wephunga. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wephunga nemifanekiso kungase futhi kusetshenziswe ukuhlola isimo sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kanjani. Ukuhlolwa kwelaba Ukuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi ye-Arterial. Lo mvivinyo wegazi uqapha ukuthi amaphaphu akho athatha kangcono kangakanani i-oksijini egazini lakho futhi asuse i-carbon dioxide. Ukuhlolwa kokuntuleka kwe-AAT. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungatshela ukuthi unesimo se-genetic esibizwa ngokuthi ukushoda kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi akusetshenziswa ukuhlonza i-COPD, kodwa kungase kusetshenziswe ukuthola imbangela yezimpawu zakho noma ukukhipha ezinye izimo. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lokunakekela labaqeqeshwe beMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene ne-COPD Qala lapha Ulwazi oluthe xaxa Ukukhathalelwa kwe-COPD eMayo Clinic I-X-ray yesifuba I-CT scan I-Spirometry Bonisa olunye ulwazi oluhlobene

Ukwelapha kuqondene nokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani nokuthi uhlale unezikhathi lapho izimpawu zibuhlungu khulu. Lezi zikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ukwanda kwezinkinga. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungalawula izimpawu, kunciphisa ukuthi isimo sibe sibi kangakanani, kunciphisa ingozi yezingxaki futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lakho lokuphila impilo esebenzayo. Ukuyeka ukubhema Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi uhlelo lokwelapha i-COPD ukuyeka ukubhema konke. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungavimbela i-COPD ekuthuthukiseni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula. Kodwa ukuyeka ukubhema akuyona into elula, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuyeka futhi awuphumelelanga. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema, imikhiqizo yokufaka inikotine nezinye izidakamizwa ezingakusiza. Khuluma futhi ngendlela yokusingatha ukubuyela emuva. Udokotela wakho angakuncoma iqembu lokusekela abantu abafuna ukuyeka ukubhema. Futhi, gwema ukubhema okusekelwe uma kungenzeka. Imithi Izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimpawu nezingxaki ze-COPD. Ungase uthathe ezinye izidakamizwa njalo, kanti ezinye uma kudingeka. Iningi lemithi ye-COPD linikezwa nge-inhaler. Le divayisi encane yesandla iletha umuthi ngqo emaphaphwini akho lapho uphefumula umusi noma uthuli oluhle. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze wazi indlela efanele yokusebenzisa i-inhaler elipreskrayibhwe. Umuthi ungase futhi unikezwe nge-nebulizer. Le michini emincane inama-mask noma i-mouthpiece ne-hose ehlanganisiwe ekapini eliyindilinga lomuthi ongamagciwane. I-nebulizer ishintsha umuthi ongamagciwane ube yimusi ukuze uphefumulelwe emaphaphwini. I-nebulizers iphinde isize ekukhululeni ukhukhu. Ungase ube nalezi zinhlobo ze-nebulizers: I-Compressor noma i-jet nebulizers icindezela umoya ngomuthi ukudala umusi. I-Ultrasonic nebulizers isebenzisa ukudlidliza okuqhutshwa yi-frequency ephezulu ukudala umusi. I-Mesh noma i-membrane nebulizers isusa umuthi ngekaphi le-mesh elinamahlanjana amancane ukudala umusi. I-Bronchodilators I-Bronchodilators yimithi evame ukuza nge-inhalers. I-Bronchodilators ikhulula imisipha ezungezile izindlela zokuphefumula. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqedeni ukukhokha futhi kwenze kube lula ukuphefumula. Kuye ngokuthi i-COPD yakho inzima kangakanani, ungase udinga i-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi esifushane ngaphambi kwemisebenzi, i-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi eside oyisebenzisayo nsuku zonke noma zombili. Izibonelo ze-bronchodilators ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane zihlanganisa: I-Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil). I-Ipratropium (Atrovent). I-Levalbuterol (Xopenex). Isibonelo se-inhaler yokuxuba i-bronchodilator esebenza isikhathi esifushane yi-ipratropium bromide-albuterol (Combivent Respimat). Ama-steroids ahefumulwayo Ama-corticosteroids ahefumulwayo, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-steroids, anganciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemizila yomoya futhi asize ekuvimbeleni izikhathi lapho izimpawu ze-COPD zibe sibi khulu. Imiphumela emibi yama-steroids ahefumulwayo ingafaka ukweluka, ukutheleleka komlomo nokuqina komlomo. Le mithi iyasiza uma uhlale unezikhathi lapho izimpawu ze-COPD zibe sibi khulu. Ama-inhalers okuhlanganisa Amanye ama-inhalers okuhlanganisa ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ze-bronchodilator. Izibonelo zalezi zihlanganisa: I-Aclidinium bromide-formoterol fumarate (Duaklir Pressair). I-Glycopyrrolate-formoterol fumarate (Bevespi Aerosphere). I-Tiotropium bromide-olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat). I-Umeclidinium-vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta). Amanye ama-inhalers ahlanganisa i-bronchodilators nama-steroids ahefumulwayo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa: I-Budesonide-glycopyrrolate-formoterol fumarate (Breztri Aerosphere). I-Fluticasone-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta). I-Fluticasone furoate-umeclidinium-vilanterol (Trelegy Ellipta). I-Budesonide-formoterol (Breyna, Symbicort). I-Fluticasone propionate-salmeterol (Advair, AirDuo RespiClick, Wixela Inhub). Ama-steroids omdidi Ngokuqondene nezikhathi lapho izimpawu ze-COPD zibe sibi khulu, izifundo ezifushane zama-corticosteroids omdidi—ngokwesibonelo, izinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kwezi-5—zingavimbela ukwanda kwe-COPD. Ama-corticosteroids omdidi yimithi ethathwa ngomlomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwale mithi yomlomo kungaba nemiphumela emibi, njengokwanda kwesisindo, isifo sikashukela, i-osteoporosis, i-cataracts nengozi enkulu yokutheleleka. Abaqaphi be-Phosphodiesterase-4 Umuthi ovunyiwe we-COPD ebuhlungu nezimpawu ze-bronchitis ehlala njalo yi-roflumilast (Daliresp), umqaphi we-phosphodiesterase-4. Lo muthi uncipha ukuvuvukala kwemizila yomoya futhi ukhulula izindlela zokuphefumula. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa isicanucanu, isifo sohudo nokulahlekelwa isisindo. I-Roflumilast isetshenziswa ekuvimbeleni ukwanda kwezinkinga nokunciphisa ukuthi kwenzeke kaningi kangakanani. I-Theophylline Uma ukwelashwa okunye kungabi nzuzo noma uma izindleko ziyinkinga, i-theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Theochron), umuthi obizayo kancane, ingasiza ekuwenzeni kube lula ukuphefumula nokuvimbela izikhathi lapho izimpawu zibe sibi khulu. Imiphumela emibi ixhomeke kumanani futhi ingafaka isicanucanu nobunzima bokuphumula. Izivivinyo zegazi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekuqapheleni amazinga egazi e-theophylline. Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo nokuhlwithwa kungenzeka uma izinga legazi liphezulu kakhulu. Ama-antibiotics Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, njenge-bronchitis ebuhlungu, i-pneumonia ne-influenza, kungenza izimpawu ze-COPD zibe sibi khulu. Ama-antibiotics angasiza ekwelapheni lezi zikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu ze-COPD, kodwa awanconywa ngokuvamile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Amanye ama-study abonisa ukuthi ama-antibiotics athile, njenge-azithromycin (Zithromax), asisiza ekuvimbeleni ukwanda kwe-COPD. Kodwa imiphumela emibi nokumelana nama-antibiotics kungakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Izindlela zokwelapha Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini, uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu nokwelashwa kokuphefumula okungenawo amandla ekhaya konke kungasiza ekwelapheni i-COPD. Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini Uma kungekho oksijini eyanele egazini lakho, ungase udinga i-oksijini eyengeziwe. Ungathola le oksijini eyengeziwe emaphaphwini akho nge-mask noma nge-tubing yepulasitiki enama-tips afanele emakhaleni akho. Lezi zihlanganiswe ne-oksijini tank. Iyunithi elula, ephathekayo ongayithatha nawe ingakusiza ukuba ube nesibindi. Abanye abantu abane-COPD basebenzisa i-oksijini kuphela ngesikhathi semisebenzi noma ngesikhathi behlele. Abanye basebenzisa i-oksijini njalo. Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo futhi kuhlale impilo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezidingo zakho nezinketho zokwelashwa nge-oksijini. Uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa imfundo yezempilo, ukuqeqeshwa komzimba, amasu okuphefumula, iseluleko sokudla nokubonisana. Usebenza neziqeqeshi eziningi ezingakwenzela uhlelo lokubuyiselwa olufanele izidingo zakho. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu ngemuva kwezikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu kunganciphisa amathuba okuthi udinga ukubuyela esibhedlela. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kukuvumela futhi ukuthi uhlanganyele ngokugcwele emisebenzini yansuku zonke futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuya kuhlelo. Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula okungenawo amandla ekhaya Lokhu kwelashwa kungavimbela izikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu kwabanye abantu abane-COPD ebuhlungu. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze kuqondwe izindlela ezinhle zokusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa ekhaya. Ubufakazi busekela ukusetshenziswa kwesibhedlela sezinto zokuphefumula, njenge-bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). I-BiPAP ingasiza abantu abathile abane-COPD uma isetshenziswa ekhaya ebusuku. Umishini wokwelashwa kokuphefumula okungenawo amandla uhlanganiswe ne-mask egqokwe emlonyeni nasekhoneni lakho. I-BiPAP isisiza ekuwenzeni kube lula ukuphefumula futhi inganciphisa amathuba okuthi ubuyele esibhedlela. Iphinde inciphise ukuthi i-carbon dioxide isale kangakanani emaphaphwini akho lapho uphefumula. I-carbon dioxide eningi ingadala ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okububuthi nodingeka lokuba esibhedlela. Ukuphatha izikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu Ngisho nokwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ungase ube nezikhathi lapho izimpawu zibe sibi khulu izinsuku noma amasonto. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ukwanda kwezinkinga, futhi zingadala ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu uma ungatholi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukwanda kwezinkinga kungabangelwa ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, ukungcoliswa komoya noma ezinye izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala emaphaphwini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini imbangela, kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lokuthi ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukukhokha okubonakala kubi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile noma ushintsho ekhukhuni olikhokayo, noma unebunzima ekuphefumuleni. Uma ukwanda kwezinkinga kwenzeka, ungase udinga imithi efana nama-antibiotics, ama-steroids noma zombili; i-oksijini eyengeziwe; noma ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Uma izimpawu zithuthuka, udokotela wakho angakhuluma nawe ngezindlela zokuvikela izikhathi zokwanda kwezimpawu esikhathini esizayo. Ungase udinga ukuyeka ukubhema; thatha ama-steroids ahefumulwayo, i-bronchodilators esebenza isikhathi eside noma ezinye izidakamizwa; thola isithombe sakho sonyaka se-influenza; futhi ugweme ukungcoliswa komoya uma kungenzeka. Ukuhlinzwa Ukuhlinzwa kuyisinqumo kwabanye abantu abanezinye izinhlobo ze-emphysema ebuhlungu ezingasizwa ngokwanele yimithi kuphela. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa: Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu. Kulolu hlinzwe, udokotela ukhulula izicucu ezincane zethusi lamaphaphu elilimalekile emaphaphwini aphezulu. Lokhu kudala isikhala esengeziwe esifubeni ukuze ithusi lamaphaphu elimpilo elisalayo likhule futhi umsipha osizayo ekuphefumuleni, obizwa ngokuthi i-diaphragm, usebenze kangcono. Kwabanye abantu, lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo futhi ubasize baphile isikhathi eside. Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu nge-endoscopic. Okuthiwa futhi ukuhlinzwa kwe-endobronchial valve, lo mkhuba omncane wokuhlinzwa ukwelapha abantu abane-COPD. I-valve encane ye-endobronchial eya ngendlela eyodwa ifakwe emaphaphwini. Umoya ungaphuma engxenyeni eyonakele yamaphaphu nge-valve, kodwa akukho moya omusha oya ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela i-lobe eyonakele kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuze ingxenye enempilo yamaphaphu ibe nendawo enkulu yokukhula nokusebenza. Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu kungaba yisinqumo kwabanye abantu abahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile. Ukufaka ilungu lamaphaphu kungenza kube lula ukuphefumula futhi kuvumele indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Kodwa kuyinkulu yokuhlinzwa enezingozi ezinkulu, njengokuqothulwa komzimba. Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu kudinga ukusebenzisa imithi yempilo yonke ebuthakathaka isimiso somzimba. I-Bullectomy. Izindawo ezinkulu zomoya ebizwa nge-bullae zenza emaphaphwini lapho izindonga zangaphakathi ze-alveoli zibhujiswe. Lokhu kushiya isikhwama esisodwa esikhulu somoya esikhulu esikhulu kunokuthi iqoqo lezinye ezincane. Lezi bullae zingaba khulu kakhulu futhi zibangele izinkinga zokuphefumula ngoba umoya omdala uvalekile futhi akukho ndawo yomoya omusha oya ngaphakathi. Ku-bullectomy, udokotela ukhulula i-bullae emaphaphwini ukuze asize ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza komoya. Ukungabi khona kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin Kwabantu abadala abane-COPD ehlobene nokungabi khona kwe-AAT, izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa lezo ezisetshenziswa kubantu abanezinye izinhlobo ze-COPD ezivamile. Abanye abantu bangaphathwa ngokufaka i-AAT protein engaphelile. Lokhu kungavimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo kwamaphaphu. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ukunakekelwa kwe-COPD eMayo Clinic Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu Izinsizakalo zokuyeka ukubhema Bonisa olunye ulwazi oluhlobene Cela i-aphoyintimenti Kukhona inkinga ngolwazi oluvezwe ngezansi futhi ubuye uthumele ifomu. Kusuka eMayo Clinic kuya ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili Bhalisela mahhala futhi uhlale usesikhathini ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo, amathiphu ezempilo, izihloko zezempilo zamanje, nobuchwepheshe bokulawula impilo. Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole i-imeyili yokubuka kuqala. Ikheli le-imeyili 1 Iphutha Ibhokisi le-imeyili liyadingeka Iphutha Faka ikheli le-imeyili elifanele Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamadatha eMayo Clinic. Ukuze sikunikeze ulwazi olufanele kakhulu nolusizo, futhi siqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olusizo, singase sihlanganise i-imeyili yakho nolwazi lokusetshenziswa kwewebhusayithi nolunye ulwazi esinalo ngawe. Uma ungumguli weMayo Clinic, lokhu kungafaka ulwazi oluvikelwe lwempilo. Uma sihlanganisa lolu lwazi nolwazi oluvikelwe lwempilo, sizophatha lonke lolu lwazi njengolwazi oluvikelwe lwempilo futhi sizosebenzisa noma sizoveze lolu lwazi kuphela njengoba kuchazwe esazisweni sethu lokusebenza kwemfihlo. Ungase ukhethe ukuyeka ukuxhumana nge-imeyili noma nini ngokuqhafaza isixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisela kwi-imeyili. Bhalisela! Siyabonga ngokubhalisela! Ngokushesha uzokuthola ulwazi lwakamuva lwempilo yeMayo Clinic olucelile ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili. Uxolo, kukhona okuphuthumayo ngokubhalisela kwakho Sicela uzame futhi ngemizuzu embalwa Uzama futhi

Ukuphila no-COPD kungaba inselele — ikakhulukazi uma kuba nzima futhi kunzima ukuthatha umoya. Kungase kudingeke ulahle imisebenzi oyijabulelayo. Umndeni wakho nabangane bangase bathole ukuthi kudingeka bazilungiselele ezinye zalezi zinguquko. Kungasiza ukwabelana imizwa yakho nomndeni wakho, abangane, ochwepheshe bezempilo noma ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Ungase uzuze ekuqeqeshweni noma kwemithi uma uzizwa ucindezelekile noma ukhuluphala. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela abantu abane-COPD.