Ukuthi yini i-COPD? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-COPD imelela isifo esiqinile sokuphefumula, iqembu lemithi yezifo zephunga eyenza ukuphefumula kube nzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa isikhathi eside kumagasi noma izinhlayiya ezicasulayo, ikakhulukazi ukubhema utshwala.

Lesi sifo esiphuphumayo sihlupha izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa ukuqonda kwalo kungakusiza uphathe izimpawu futhi ugcine impilo enhle. Ngesikhathi i-COPD ithuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi, ukuqaphela izimpawu ekuqaleni nokusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Yini i-COPD?

I-COPD iyibizo elihlanganisa izifo zephunga ezivala umoya wokuphefumula futhi zenze ukuphefumula kube nzima. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yi-emphysema ne-bronchitis eqinile, futhi abantu abaningi banezimo zombili ndawonye.

Ku-emphysema, izikhwama ezincane zomoya emaphaphwini akho (ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-alveoli) ziyonakala futhi zilahlekelwe ukuguquguquka kwazo. Cabanga ngazo njengezibalo ezincane ezingakwazi ukubuyela esimweni sazo sokuqala ngemuva kokwelulwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima emaphaphwini akho ukususa umoya lapho uphuma umoya.

I-bronchitis eqinile ihilela ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwezindlela zomoya ezithwala umoya emaphaphwini akho. Ukugqoka kwalezi zindlela zomoya kukhiqiza ukhukhuka olukhulu, olungavimba umoya wokuphefumula futhi uqalise ukukhokha okuqhubekayo abantu abaningi abane-COPD abakuhlangenwe nakho.

Igama elithi "eqinile" lisho ukuthi lesi simo sithuthuka kancane kancane futhi sihlala isikhathi eside. "Okuphambukayo" kubhekisela ezindleleni zomoya ezivaliwe noma ezinciphile ezenza kube nzima komoya ukugijima ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaphaphu akho kalula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-COPD?

Izimpawu ze-COPD zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane, okusho ukuthi ungase ungaziboni ngokushesha. Isici sokuqala esivame kakhulu ukukhokha okuqhubekayo okungapheli, ikakhulukazi uma ubelokhu ubhema.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukukhokha okuqhubekayo okungase kukhiqize ukhukhuka (isputum)
• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba
• Ukukhukhumeka noma umsindo wokukhukhumeka lapho uphefumula
• Ukuqinileka kwesifuba noma ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthatha umoya ojulile
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula njengezifo zokubanda noma isifo sikagciwane
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele kalula kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuvuvukala ezinzwini, ezinyaweni, noma ezinyaweni
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungahlosiwe ezinyathelweni zakamuva

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ungaba nezinkathi ezibizwa ngokuthi "izikhathi zokuphambuka" noma "izikhathi zokwanda" lapho izimpawu ziqala ngokushesha zibe zimbi kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondile kungasiza ukunciphisa le ntuthuko futhi kuthuthukise indlela ozizwa ngayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-COPD?

I-COPD ihlanganisa izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezivame ukwenzeka ndawonye. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulokhu kunikeza udokotela wakho uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu ngezidingo zakho ezithile.

I-bronchitis eqinile ihlupha izindlela zomoya (i-bronchi) ezithwala umoya emaphaphwini akho. Ukugqoka kwalezi zindlela zomoya kuya kuvuvukala futhi kuqine, kukhiqize ukhukhuka olukhulu olungavimba umoya wokuphefumula. Uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchitis eqinile uma unekukhokha okukhiqizayo okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngeminyaka emibili elandelanayo.

I-emphysema yonakalisa izikhwama ezincane zomoya (i-alveoli) ekupheleni kwezindlela zakho zomoya. Lezi zikhwama zilahlekelwa ukuguquguquka kwazo futhi azikwazi ukudlulisa i-oksijini egazini lakho noma ukususa i-carbon dioxide. Lokhu kwenza uzizwe uphefumula kancane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba.

Abantu abaningi abane-COPD banehlanganisela ye-bronchitis eqinile ne-emphysema. Ukulingana phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili kuyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye, kungakho izimpawu zakho nelenqubo yokwelapha kungase kuhluke komunye umuntu onayo i-COPD.

Yini ebangela i-COPD?

Imbangela eholela ku-COPD ukubhema utshwala isikhathi eside, okubalwa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-85-90 azo zonke izimo. Amakhemikhali abangela ubuhlungu e-utshwala obubhema anonakalisa inyama yamaphaphu akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuvuvukaleni nasemafinyeni.

Kodwa-ke, ukubhema akuyona yona imbangela kuphela. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingabangela i-COPD:

• Ukukhishwa isikhathi eside kukubhema okwesibili
• Ukungcola komoya ekuhambeni, ekuqothulweni kwezimboni, noma ekushiseni amalahle
• Uthuli lwemisebenzi kanye namakhemikhali (uthuli lwamlala, i-silica, i-cadmium)
• Ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi ekuqothulweni kwamalahle ngokupheka noma ngokufudumeza
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula kwabantwana
• Ukwehluleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin (isimo esingavamile se-genetic)

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-10-15 abantu abane-COPD abakaze babheme. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ze-genetic, ukukhishwa kwemvelo, noma ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo kwamaphaphu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza aqonde ukuthi yini engase ibe yimbangela yokuqala kwe-COPD yakho.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-COPD?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma unekukhokha okuqhubekayo okuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukhiqiza ukhukhuka noma igazi. Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke engakaze ikukhathaze ngaphambili.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uqaphela lezi zibonakaliso zezixwayiso:

• Ukukhokha okungathuthuki ngemuva kwamasonto amaningana
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukukhukhumeka noma ukuqinileka kwesifuba
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula
• Ukukhathala okuphazamisa umkhuba wakho wansuku zonke

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okufushane kakhulu, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukudideka, noma uma izindebe zakho noma iinzipho zakho ziya phuzi. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuphambuka okuqatha kwe-COPD okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ukuxilongwa ekuqaleni nokwelashwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwe-COPD futhi kukusize ugcine impilo engcono. Unganqikazi ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini izinto ezingozi ze-COPD?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingozi zakho kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela i-COPD noma ukuyibamba ekuqaleni. Ezinye izinto ongaziqondisa, kanti ezinye azikho ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwakho.

Izinto ezingozi eziqondwayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema utshwala (izigaxa, izigaxa, amapayipi)
• Ukukhishwa kukubhema okwesibili
• Ukukhishwa emsebenzini ekuqothulweni kothuli, amakhemikhali, noma amalahle
• Ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi ekuqothulweni kwamalahle ngokupheka noma ngokufudumeza ngamalahle
• Ukungcola komoya wangaphandle ezindaweni ezingcolile kakhulu

Izinto ongenakuzishintsha kodwa kufanele uzazi:

• Ubudala (abantu abaningi abane-COPD baneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu)
• Ubulili (abesifazane bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokonakala kwamaphaphu okuhlobene nokubhema)
• I-genetics, ikakhulukazi ukwehluleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin
• Umlando wokutheleleka kokuphefumula kwabantwana
• I-Asthma, ikakhulukazi uma ingalashwa

Ukuba nokunye noma ngaphezulu kwezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola i-COPD, kodwa kukwandisa amathuba akho. Izinto ezingozi eziningi onazo, izingozi zakho ziyakhula.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-COPD?

I-COPD ingabangela izinhlanganisela eziningi, kodwa ukuziqonda kuzokusiza usebenze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvimbela noma ukuphatha lezi zinkinga ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula (i-pneumonia, isifo sikagciwane, izifo zokubanda ezivamile)
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi izingozi ezikhulayo zokuhlushwa yinhliziyo
• Umshuqa wamaphaphu (ingozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi kubabhemi)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu e-arteries yamaphaphu (i-pulmonary hypertension)
• Usizi nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nobunzima bokuphumula
• Izinkinga zokulala nokukhathala

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise:

• Iphaphu eliwa phansi (pneumothorax)
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu nobuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okudinga ukuphumula ngomshini
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo eceleni (i-cor pulmonale)

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukuhlala usesikhathini ngezigaxa, nokugcina ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile kunganciphisa kakhulu izingozi zalezi zinhlanganisela. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokulandela eduze ukuze libone noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni.

I-COPD ingavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD ukungqali ukubhema noma ukuyeka uma ubelokhu ubhema. Ngisho noma ubelokhu ubhema iminyaka eminingi, ukuyeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kokonakala kwamaphaphu.

Nazi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela:

• Ungabhemi imikhiqizo yotshwala yanoma yiluphi uhlobo
• Gwema ukubhema okwesibili ekhaya lakho, emotweni, nasemsebenzini
• Sebenzisa imishini yokulondeka efanele uma umsebenzi wakho ukukhombisa uthuli noma amakhemikhali
• Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ama-exhaust fans kanye nomoya ofanele
• Thola isigaxa sokuqeda isifo sikagciwane ne-pneumonia ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kokuphefumula
• Zivocavoca njalo ukuze ugcine amaphaphu nenhliziyo yakho iphilile

Uma usuvele uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuqala, ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kungavimbela i-COPD ekuphumeni. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema, ezingakwazi ukubuyisela noma ukukhulisa amathuba akho okuyeka ngempumelelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzama wedwa.

Khumbula, akukaze kube sekude kakhulu ukwenza izinguquko ezinhle ngempilo yamaphaphu akho. Ngisho nabantu abane-COPD ekhona bangazuza kakhulu kulezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela.

I-COPD ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wokubhema, nokukhishwa kwizinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu. Bazolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope futhi bangase bezwe ukukhukhumeka noma umsindo wokuphefumula ophansi.

Ivivinyo eliyinhloko elisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-COPD libizwa ngokuthi yi-spirometry. Lolu vivinyo oluqondile lokuphefumula luqapha ukuthi ungaphuma kangakanani umoya nokuthi ungakwenza ngokushesha kangakanani. Uzophuma emoyeni ebhodleleni elixhunyiwe emishini eqapha umsebenzi wamaphaphu akho.

Ezinye izivivinyo udokotela wakho angase azi-ode zihlanganisa:

• I-X-ray yesifuba ukuze kuvinjwe ezinye izimo nokubona ukonakala kwamaphaphu
• I-CT scan ukuze ubone ngokuningiliziwe amaphaphu akho
• Ivivinyo legazi le-arterial ukuze uhlole amazinga e-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide
• Izinga le-alpha-1 antitrypsin uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-COPD ye-genetic
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum ukuze uhlole ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala

Udokotela wakho uzohlola nobunzima be-COPD yakho usebenzisa uhlelo lokulinganisa. Lokhu kuzokusiza unqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu futhi kukunikeze ukuqonda okungcono ngesigaba samanje sesimo sakho.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-COPD?

Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu, nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Ngesikhathi kungekho ukwelashwa, ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kokwelapha kungakusiza uzizwe kangcono kakhulu futhi uhlale usebenza.

Isisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-COPD ukuyeka ukubhema uma awukaze uqale. Lesi sinyathelo sodwa singanciphisa kakhulu ukwehla komsebenzi wamaphaphu futhi kunciphisa izimpawu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithi evamile ebhaliwe ihlanganisa:

• I-Bronchodilators (izigaxa) ukuvula izindlela zomoya nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula
• I-Inhaled corticosteroids ukuze kunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwendlela yomoya
• Izigaxa ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe womabili uhlobo lwemi-medicine
• Imithi yomlomo ezimweni ezinzima noma ezikhulayo
• Ama-antibiotics lapho kwenzeka ukutheleleka kokuphefumula

Ukwelashwa okungeyona imithi okungasiza:

• Izinhlelo zokuvuselela kwamaphaphu ezihlanganisa ukuzivocavoca, imfundo, nokwesekwa
• Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini uma amazinga e-oksijini egazini lakho ephansi
• Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu ezimweni ezithile
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu ngesifo esiphelile

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzokwenziwa ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile futhi lungase lushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba isimo sakho sithuthuka. Ukulandelela okuvamile neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-COPD ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-COPD ekhaya kuhilela ukudala indawo nomkhuba osekelayo ukuphefumula kwakho nempilo yakho jikelele. Izinguquko ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Nazi izinyathelo eziwusizo ongazithatha:

• Sebenzisa imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kubhalwe, ngisho nalapho uzizwa kangcono
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile futhi lingabi nothuli ukuze ugweme izinto ezicasulayo zokuphefumula
• Hlala uthola amanzi ukuze uqede ukhukhuka futhi wenze ukukhokha kube lula
• Zivocavoca imisebenzi yokuphefumula nezinqubo ezifundwe ekuvuselelweni kwamaphaphu
• Zithathe isikhathi ngesikhathi semisebenzi futhi uthathe ama-breaks uma kudingeka
• Gcina ukudla okuhle ukuze ugcine isimiso sakho sokuvikela siqine
• Thola ubuthongo obuhle ukuze usize umzimba wakho uphumule futhi uphathe izimpawu

Dala uhlelo lokusebenza nodokotela wakho lokuphatha izikhathi zokuphambuka. Lokhu kufanele kuhlanganise ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zezixwayiso, ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ulungise imithi, nokuqonda ukuthi nini kufanele ufunani usizo lokwelapha.

Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela i-COPD, noma ngokomuntu siqu noma online. Ukuxhumana nabanye abaqonda izinselele zakho kungakunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo namacebo awusizo okuphatha kwansuku zonke.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kuzokusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-COPD yakho.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, buza lolu lwazi olukhulu:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zamanje nokuthi zaqala nini noma zaba zimbi
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemi-medicine, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokuqokwa kanye nezinhlanganisela
• Imininingwane ngomlando wakho wokubhema (lapho uqale khona, kangakanani, lapho uyeka khona)
• Umlando womndeni wesifo samaphaphu noma ezinye izimo ezifanele
• Ukukhishwa emsebenzini noma emvelweni oye waba nakho
• Imibuzo noma izinkathazo ofuna ukuzixoxa

Gcina idayari yezimpawu amasonto noma amabili ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho. Qaphela imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, izimpawu, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, nanoma yini eyenza ukuphefumula kwakho kube ngcono noma kube sibi.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula imininingwane ebalulekile exoxiwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ucele incazelo nganoma yini ongayiqondi.

Iyini into ebalulekile nge-COPD?

I-COPD iyisimo esinzima kodwa esilawuleka esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngesikhathi kuyisifo esiphuphumayo, ukuxilongwa ekuqaleni nokwelashwa okuqondile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwalo futhi kukusize ugcine impilo esebenzayo, ezele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi unokulawula okuningi nge-COPD yakho kunokuba ungase ucabange. Ukuyeka ukubhema, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukuhlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, nokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ezimpawu zakho nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Ukuphila ne-COPD kudinga ezinye izinguquko, kodwa akusho ukulahla izinto ozithandayo. Abantu abaningi abane-COPD baqhubeka besebenza, behamba, bevocavoca, futhi bahlanganyela emisebenzini abayithandayo ngokuphathwa okuqondile nokwesekwa.

Uma ucindezela ukuthi ungase ube ne-COPD noma usanda kuxilongwa, khumbula ukuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo ekuqaleni kukunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlala uphilile futhi ukhululekile iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-COPD

Ungaphila impilo evamile ne-COPD?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-COPD baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo. Ngesikhathi ungase udinga ukuguqula ezinye imisebenzi nokuphatha izimpawu, i-COPD ayikufanele ichaze impilo yakho. Ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukuhlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, nokugcina umbono omuhle kungakusiza uqhubeke ujabulela eziningi zezinto ozithandayo.

I-COPD ihlale ibingelwa ukubhema?

Cha, ngesikhathi ukubhema kubangela cishe amaphesenti angu-85-90 ezimo ze-COPD, akuyona imbangela kuphela. Cishe amaphesenti angu-10-15 abantu abane-COPD abakaze babheme. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa ukukhishwa isikhathi eside kukungcola komoya, uthuli lwemisebenzi namakhemikhali, ukubhema okwesibili, ukutheleleka okuvamile kokuphefumula kwabantwana, kanye nezinto ze-genetic njengokwehluleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin.

I-COPD ithuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ukuqhubeka kwe-COPD kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezinguquko ezincane, ezihamba kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kanti abanye bangase babe nezinkathi zokuthula okulandela ukwehla okusheshayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ethonya ukuqhubeka ukubhema okuqhubekayo. Ukuyeka ukubhema, ukulandela izinhlelo zokwelapha, nokugwema izinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-COPD ne-asthma?

Ngesikhathi zombili izimo zibangela ubunzima bokuphumula, i-COPD ngokuvamile iyisifo esiphuphumayo esithuthuka kamuva ekuphileni futhi sivame ukuhlobene nokubhema noma ukukhishwa isikhathi eside kwizinto ezicasulayo. I-Asthma ngokuvamile iqala ebuntwaneni, izimpawu zingabuya ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa, futhi ivame ukuqaliswa yizinto ezingcolile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangaba nezimo zombili, okuyinto ebizwa ngokuthi yi-asthma-COPD overlap syndrome.

Nini okufanele ngiye khona e-emergency room ngezimpawu ze-COPD?

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okufushane kakhulu okungathuthuki ngemithi yakho yokutakula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukudideka noma ubunzima bokucabanga ngokucacile, izindebe noma iinzipho eziphuzi noma ezimnyama, noma uma ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngemisho ephelele ngenxa yokuphefumula okufushane. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuphambuka okuqatha kwe-COPD okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.