Ubuhlungu Be-Artery Ebomvu: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu kwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ehlinzeka umusilo wenhliziyo yakho ihlushwa noma ivinjelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amafutha okuthiwa i-plaque akha ngaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba imiqhele ingavala ngezinto ezingcolile.

Inhliziyo yakho idinga ukugeleza okuzinzile kwegazi elicebile nge-oksijini ukuze isebenze kahle. Uma ama-artery ebomvu engakwazi ukuletha igazi elanele, umusilo wenhliziyo yakho awutholi okudingayo ukuze usebenze kahle. Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwezifo zenhliziyo, oluthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Isimpawu esivamile kakhulu yi-chest pain noma ukungakhululeki, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-angina. Lokhu kuvame ukuzwakala njengengcindezi, ukucindezela, noma ukugcwalisa emagxeni enhliziyo yakho. Ubuhlungu bungase buhambele emagxeni akho, izandla, intamo, umhlathi, noma emuva.

Ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, lapho inhliziyo yakho idinga oksijini eyengeziwe. Nanka amaphuzu aphambili okuqaphela:

• Ubuhlungu ebeleni oluzwakala njengengcindezi noma ukubopha
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ukukhathala okuzwakala kungavamile noma okukhulu
• Ubuhlungu ezandleni zakho, emagxeni, entanyeni, noma emhlathini
• Ukuphefumula noma ukukhanya kwekhanda
• Ukubila okubandayo

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu okungenazimpawu,” lapho izimpawu zicishe zingabonakali noma zingabonakali nhlobo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-diabetes noma abadala. Abafazi bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlukile kunamadoda, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu emuva, noma ubuhlungu bomhlathi esikhundleni sobuhlungu obuvamile ebeleni.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu buvela ngezindlela ezihlukene kuye ngokuthi buthinta kanjani inhliziyo yakho. Izinhlobo eziphambili zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi bangalwelapha kanjani kangcono.

I-angina eqinile yiyona evamile. Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki ebeleni yakho kulandela iphethini ebingakanani, ngokuvamile kubangelwa umsebenzi womzimba noma ukucindezeleka futhi kuphelile ngokuphumula. Izimpawu ziyahambisana futhi zilawuleka ngokwelashwa okufanele.

I-angina engaqinile iyinkulu futhi ayibikeleki. Ubuhlungu ebeleni lakho bungase buvele ngisho nalapho uphumula, buhlale isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, noma buzwakale bukhulu kunangaphambili. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba singabangela ukuthembela.

Ukuthembela, okuthiwa futhi yi-myocardial infarction, kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukonakala okungapheli komusilo wenhliziyo.

Yini ebangela ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu bukhula lapho i-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakha kuma-artery akho ebomvu. Lo mkhuba, okuthiwa yi-atherosclerosis, kwenzeka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi futhi ungaqala kusenesikhathi sobuntwana.

Ukwakha kuqala lapho ukugqoka kwangaphakathi kwama-artery akho kunonakala. Lolu nonakala lungase luvele emithonjeni eminingi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakeme olubeka ukucindezela okwengeziwe odongeni lwe-artery
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ahlanganisa izinto zamafutha
• Ukubhema okonakalisa ukugqoka kwemithambo yegazi
• I-diabetes ethinta impilo yemithambo yegazi
• Ukuvuvukala emzimbeni

Uma ukugqoka kwe-artery sekunonakala, i-cholesterol nezinye izinto zinamathela endaweni enonakalayo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi, lokhu kudala i-plaque ehlushwa i-artery. Uma ingxenye ye-plaque iphuka, ingakha i-blood clot evimba ukugeleza kwegazi ngokuphelele.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela ngenxa yokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiluphi ubuhlungu ebeleni, ikakhulu uma lusha noma luhlukile kunalokho obekukuhlangabezana nakho ngaphambili. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziyaphela zodwa, njengoba ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unebuhlungu ebeleni oluzwakala lukhulu, oluhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, noma olufika nokubila, ukuphefumula, noma ukuphefumula okufushane. Lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuthembela, okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukukhathala okwandayo, ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile, noma uma izimpawu zakho ezikhona ziba zimbi. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane zifanele ukunakekelwa ngoba ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu kungathuthuka ngokuthulile.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi zokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu. Ukuqonda lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Ezinye izimbangela zengozi ongenakuzishintsha, kanti ezinye ungazilawula ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila:

Izimbangela zengozi ongenakuzishintsha:

• Ubudala (ingozi iyanda ngokuya ngobudala)
• Ukuba yindoda (amadoda ayithola ngaphambi kwabafazi)
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo
• I-Menopause kwabafazi

Izimbangela zengozi ongazilawula:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakeme
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol
• Ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco
• I-Diabetes
• Ukukhulu noma ukukhulu kakhulu
• Ukungahambi komzimba
• Ukudla okungaphilile
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala
• Ukucindezeleka okungapheli

Ukuba nezimbangela eziningi zengozi kukwandisa ingozi yakho yonke ngaphezu kokuba noyedwa nje. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuphatha izimbangela zengozi ongazilawula kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okukhula ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Uma ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu kuqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu okuthinta ikhono lenhliziyo yakho lokupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo.

Inhlanganisela ephawuleka kakhulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu ukuthembela. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, kubangela leyo ngxenye yemisipha ukufa uma ingalashwa ngokushesha.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungakhula lapho umusilo wenhliziyo yakho uba buthakathaka kakhulu ekupompweni kwegazi ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iyeka ukusebenza, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi ayikwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zomzimba wakho ze-oksijini nezondlo.

Ukushona kwenhliziyo okungavamile, okuthiwa yi-arrhythmias, kungase kwenzeke lapho uhlelo lwe-elekthrikhi lenhliziyo luthinteka ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi. Lezi zingase zibe ezingalimi kakhulu kuya ezibulalayo, kuye ngohlobo nobunzima.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukugula okukhulu kwe-artery ebomvu kungabangela ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya ngokungalindelekile. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kubaluleke kangaka.

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu bungavikeleka kanjani?

Ungathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu noma ukuthuthukisa ukuqhubeka kwalo. Ikhona ukulungisa izimbangela zengozi ongazilawula ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Qala ngokudla kwakho ngokukhetha ukudla okusekela impilo yenhliziyo. Gxila ezithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, namafutha anempilo afana nalawa atholakala ku-olive oil nama-nuts. Khombisa amafutha agcwele, amafutha e-trans, i-sodium, noshukela oluengeziwe.

Ukusebenza komzimba njalo kuqinisa inhliziyo yakho futhi kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi. Hlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nsuku zonke, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukubhukuda, noma ukuqhubela ibhayisikili. Ngisho namanani amancane omsebenzi womzimba awusizo uma usanda kuqala.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ngenhliziyo yakho. Ukubhema konakalisa imithambo yegazi futhi kukwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokugula kwe-artery ebomvu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza uthole izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyeka.

Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula, ukusebenza komzimba njalo, ukulala okwanele, nokusekelwa komphakathi kungasiza futhi ekuvikeleni inhliziyo yakho. Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kuhlanganyela ekuvuvukaleni nakwezinye izinqubo ezonakalisa ama-artery.

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu butholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nomlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo. Bazokwenza futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba, belalele inhliziyo yakho futhi bahlole uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingaveza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo yakho. Lezi zingase zihlanganise amazinga e-cholesterol, ushukela egazini, namamaki abonisa ukonakala komusilo wenhliziyo noma ukuvuvukala.

I-electrocardiogram (EKG) irekhoda umsebenzi we-elekthrikhi wenhliziyo yakho futhi ingabonisa uma ube nokuthembela noma uma i-rhythm yenhliziyo yakho ayilungile. Lolu vivinyo luyashesha futhi alunabhlungu.

Uma izivivinyo zokuqala zikhomba ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe:

• I-stress test ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani esidingweni esikhulu
• I-Echocardiogram ukuhlola umsebenzi wokupompa wenhliziyo yakho
• I-CT scan ukufuna ama-calcium deposits kuma-artery akho
• I-Cardiac catheterization ukubona ngqo ama-artery akho ebomvu

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ubunzima bokugula kwakho kwe-artery ebomvu futhi ahlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Ukwelashwa kokugula kwe-artery ebomvu kugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka. Udokotela wakho uzoqamba uhlelo olufanele ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni besimo sakho.

Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo, ukusebenza komzimba njalo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuphatha ukucindezeleka. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ngalezi zinguquko zodwa.

Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni isimo sakho nokunciphisa ingozi:

• Imithi yokunciphisa i-cholesterol (statins) ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-plaque
• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi ukunciphisa ukucindezela kuma-artery akho
• Imithi yokuncipha kwegazi ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-clots
• I-Beta-blockers ukunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho
• I-Nitrates ukusiza ekuvuleni ama-artery ahlushwayo

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, izinqubo zingase zidingeke. I-Angioplasty ihlanganisa ukufaka ibhaluni elincane ukuvula ama-artery avinjelwe, ngokuvamile kulandela ukufaka i-tube encane yenethi okuthiwa yi-stent ukuze igcine i-artery ivuliwe.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kudala izindlela ezintsha ezizungezile ama-artery avinjelwe usebenzisa imithambo yegazi evela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kugcinelwe ezimweni lapho imithambo eminingi ivimbekile kakhulu.

Ungalulama kanjani ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu ekhaya kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo zansuku zonke ezisekela impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Ukushintsha okuncane, okuqhubekayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo nasesikhathini eside.

Thatha imithi yakho ngendlela eyalwe ngayo, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Le mithi isebenza ekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka, hhayi ukwelapha izimpawu kuphela. Yenza uhlelo lokusikisela, njengomhleli we-pill noma izikhumbuzo zeselula.

Qapha izimpawu zakho futhi ugcine umbhalo walokho okuzibangela. Qaphela uma ubuhlungu ebeleni noma ukuphefumula okufushane kwenzeka ngemisebenzi ethile, amazinga okucindezeleka, noma ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho.

Dala umkhuba omuhle wenhliziyo ohlanganisa izikhathi zokudla ezinjalo, uhlelo lokulala oluzinzile, nomsebenzi womzimba wansuku zonke ngaphakathi kwezinga lakho lokududuzeka. Qala kancane futhi wandise umsebenzi womzimba ngokuya ngokuthi uzizwa unamandla kangakanani.

Yazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna usizo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziyanda, uthola izimpawu ezintsha, noma uma unesizungu mayelana nemithi yakho noma isimo sakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kuholela ekuxhumaneni kangcono nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Yiba uchwepheshe ngendawo nohlobo lobuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki okuhlangenwe nakho.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubhalwa komthombo, kanye nezinye izinto. Faka imithamo nokuthi uyayithatha kangaki.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukuthi ubuze ngalokhu:

• Ukuthi iziphumo zakho zokuhlola zisho ukuthini
• Izinketho zokwelapha nezingozi nezinzuzo zazo
• Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila okungasiza
• Izimpawu zezexwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha
• Ukuthi udinga i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela kangaki

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi unikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Yikuphi ukukhumbula okubalulekile ngokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu buyisimo esingathi sína kodwa esilawuleka esithinta izigidi zabantu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, abantu abaningi abalesi simo baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi unokuqondisa okukhulu empilweni yenhliziyo yakho. Ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle mayelana nokudla, ukusebenza komzimba, ukubhema, nokuphatha ukucindezeleka kunganciphisa noma kuphinde kuqede ukuqhubeka kokugula kwe-artery ebomvu.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezimpumelelweni. Ungaziphikisi izimpawu noma ungayihlali izivivinyo ezinjalo, ikakhulu uma unezimbangela zengozi zezifo zenhliziyo.

Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqamba uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele indlela yakho yokuphila nezidingo zakho. Ngenhlanhla efanele, ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu akudingeki ukulinganiselwe ezingeni lokuphila kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokugula kwe-artery ebomvu

Ingabuyekeza yini ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuphelele ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu, unganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwalo futhi uthuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho. Ukushintsha okukhulu kwendlela yokuphila, kufaka phakathi ukudla okunemafutha aphansi kakhulu, ukusebenza komzimba njalo, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka, kanye nemithi, kungasiza ekuqedeni ukwakheka kwe-plaque nokwenza izimpawu zibe ngcono. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza okukhulu kwemisebenzi yokuphila kunganciphisa ngempela inani le-plaque kuma-artery ebomvu.

Ingabe ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu kufana nokuthembela?

Cha, ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu nokuthembela kuyizimo ezihlobene kodwa ezihlukile. Ubuhlungu be-artery ebomvu yisimo esiyisisekelo lapho ama-artery ehlushwa ukwakheka kwe-plaque. Ukuthembela kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi nge-artery ebomvu kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile lapho ingxenye ye-plaque iphuka futhi yakha i-clot. Cabanga ngokugula kwe-artery ebomvu njengesimo esingapheli esingabangela umcimbi ophithizelayo wokuthembela.

Ubude bangakanani ongabuphila ngokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Abantu abaningi abane-artery ebomvu baphila isikhathi eside esijwayelekile ngokwelashwa okufanele nokuphathwa kwendlela yokuphila. I-prognosis yakho ixhomeke ezintweni ezifana nobunzima besifo, indlela ophatha ngayo izimbangela zengozi, nendlela obuyela ngayo ekwelapheni. Abanye abantu baphila amashumi eminyaka ngemuva kokuxilongwa ngenkathi begcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila. Ikhona ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwakho nokwenza izinqumo ezinhle zokuphila ezisekela impilo yenhliziyo.

Yikuphi ukudla engingafanele ngikudle ngenxa yokugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Gxilisa ukulinganisela ukudla okuphezulu kumafutha agcwele, amafutha e-trans, i-sodium, noshukela oluengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla okubhakiwe, inyama ehlinzwe, imikhiqizo yobisi egcwele, ukudla okubhakiwe okwenziwe nge-shortening, nokudla okuphezulu kwi-sodium njengosopo olupakishiwe nezidlo ezilungisiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, khetha izithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, namafutha anempilo avela emithonjeni efana ne-olive oil, ama-nuts, kanye nenhlanzi enamafutha. Udokotela wakho noma umqeqeshi we-dietitian angakusiza ukudala uhlelo oluthile lokudla.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu?

Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungase kuhlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni ukugula kwe-artery ebomvu, yize ngokuvamile kungelona yona yodwa isizathu. Ukucindezeleka kuthinta umzimba wakho ngezindlela ezingonakalisa ama-artery, kufaka phakathi ukuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukwandisa ukuvuvukala, nokuholela ezenzweni ezifana nokudla okukhulu, ukubhema, noma ukungahambi komzimba. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula, ukusebenza komzimba njalo, ukulala okwanele, nokusekelwa komphakathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yenhliziyo yakho nokusekela ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha.