Ukuthi yini i-Craniopharyngioma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-craniopharyngioma iwumdlavuza omncane, ongenayo i-cancer, evela eduze kwesigxobo sakho se-pituitary, esikhona phansi kwengqondo yakho. Nakuba lezi zinhlobo zezifo zingasabalali kwamanye amalunga omzimba njengoba kwenza i-cancer, zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yendawo lapho zikhula khona.

Cabanga ngesigxobo sakho se-pituitary njengoba ‘i-center’ yokulawula ama-hormone omzimba wakho. Uma i-craniopharyngioma ikhula eduze, ingacindezela leli sigxobo nezinye izakhiwo zengqondo, iphazamise imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokukhula, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, noku bona. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukubathinta abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-5-14 nabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-50-74.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma?

Izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma zikhula kancane njengoba umdlavuza ukhula futhi ucindezela izakhiwo zengqondo ezizungezile. Ungase ungaboni lutho ekuqaleni, kepha izimpawu ziba sobala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukubathinta isigxobo sakho se-pituitary nezinzwa zakho zokubona, izimpawu eziningi zihlangene nokungalingani kwama-hormone noku shintsha kokubona. Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu okumele uzilinde:

• Izinkinga zokubona: Ukubona okungacace, ukulahlekelwa ukubona eceleni, noma ukubona okubili
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda: Ngokuvamile buhlala isikhathi eside futhi bungase bube sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izinkinga zokukhula kubantwana: Ukukhula okuhamba kancane kunokujwayelekile noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside besebantwaneni
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ungenamandla
• Uku shintsha kwesisindo: Ukuzuza isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu noma ubunzima bokulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ukuthanda ukunatha nokuthina kakhulu: Ukudinga ukunatha nokuthina kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Uku shintsha kwesimo sengqondo: Ukudideka, intukuthelo, noma uku shintsha komuntu
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula: Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile noma ukukhumbula izinto

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuphefumula, ukugabha, noma izinkinga zokulinganisela. Lezi zivame ukwenzeka uma umdlavuza ukhula ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukwandisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-craniopharyngioma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-craniopharyngiomas zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekutheni zibonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo kanye nokuthi ngobani abavame ukubathinta. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwe-adamantinomatous luvamile kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukuba nama-calcium deposits nama-cysts agcwele amanzi. Zivame ukunamathela kakhulu kumaseli engqondo azizungezile, okwenza ukususwa ngokukhanda kube nzima.

Uhlobo lwe-papillary lubathinta ikakhulukazi abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-40. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukuba ziqinile futhi azinawo ama-cysts. Zivame ukulula ukuzihlukanisa nezinye izakhiwo zengqondo ngesikhathi sokukhanda, okungase kube nomphumela omuhle.

Womabili la maqembu awonawo i-cancer, kodwa indawo yawo kanye nendlela yokukhula kwabo kunquma ukuthi akubathinta kanjani impilo yakho kanye nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kangcono esimweni sakho.

Yini ebangela i-craniopharyngioma?

I-Craniopharyngiomas ivela kumaseli asaleyo okwakufanele ayeke ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuthwalwa. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame ukuba nama-calcium deposits nama-cysts agcwele amanzi. Zivame ukunamathela kakhulu kumaseli engqondo azizungezile, okwenza ukususwa ngokukhanda kube nzima.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi noma amashumi eminyaka, lezi zinhlobo zezifo zingase ziqale ukukhula futhi zenze umdlavuza. Lo mqondo awubangelwa yilutho owalwenza noma awungenzanga. Awuhlangene nendlela yakho yokuphila, ukudla, noma izinto ezingqongile.

Ucwaningo lwamuva luthole ukuthi iningi le-craniopharyngiomas linezinguquko ezithile ze-genetic ngaphakathi kwamashelu omdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinguquko zenzeka ngokungahleliwe futhi azithathwanga kubazali bakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-craniopharyngiomas ayidluli emindenini, futhi awukwazi ukuyithumela kubantwana bakho.

Imbangela eqondile ebangela la maseli alale ukuqala ukukhula isalungile. Ososayensi baqhubeka becwaninga leli gciwane eliqhelile ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethola lezi zinhlobo zezifo kanti abanye abazitholi.

Nini okumele ubone udokotela nge-craniopharyngioma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingaphuli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uku shintsha kokubona noma ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala isikhathi eside. Njengoba izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma zikhula kancane, kulula ukuziqonda njengokucindezeleka noma ukuguga okujwayelekile.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uqaphela izinkinga zokubona njengoku lahlekelwa ukubona kwakho eceleni noma ukubona okubili. Lezi zimpawu zingathinta kakhulu imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke nokulondeka kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma uqhuba imoto noma uhamba ngezitebhisi.

Kubazali, qaphela izimpawu zokuthi ingane yakho ayikhuli njengoba kulindelekile noma ibonakala ikhula kancane kunabanye abantwana. Uma ingane yakho ikhononda ngobuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile noma inenkinga yokubona ibhodi esikoleni, lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu kanye nokuphefumula nokugabha, ukulahlekelwa kokubona ngokuzumayo, noma uku shintsha okukhulu kwengqondo. Nakuba kuyi-rare, lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukucindezela okukhulu ebuchosheni bakho okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-craniopharyngioma?

Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zezempilo eziningi, i-craniopharyngioma ayinazo izimbangela zengozi ezivamile ongazi lawula noma uzishintshe. Imbangela enkulu yengozi iwumnyaka nje, ngezikhathi ezimbili eziphezulu lapho lezi zinhlobo zezifo zivame kakhulu ukuvela khona.

Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-5-14 banengozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-adamantinomatous. I-peak yesibili ivela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-50-74, abavame ukuba nohlobo lwe-papillary.

Alukho ubufakazi bokuthi umlando womndeni, izinqumo zokuphila, ukuvezwa kwemvelo, noma ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezokwelapha kukwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-craniopharyngioma. Lokhu kungase kududuze, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi asikho isindlela yokubikezela noma ukuvimbela lezi zinhlobo zezifo ekuqaleni.

Kukhona lokho, amadoda nabesifazane bayathinteka ngokulinganayo, futhi leli gciwane livela kuwo wonke amaqembu ezizwe nendawo. Ukungavamile kwalezi zinhlobo zezifo kusho ukuthi ingozi yakho yomuntu siqu ihlala iphansi kunokuba yingakanani iminyaka yakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke nge-craniopharyngioma?

I-Craniopharyngiomas ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene kuye ngobukhulu bayo, indawo yayo, kanye nendlela ethonya ngayo izakhiwo zengqondo ezizungezile. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zezifo zihlangene nomthelela womdlavuza esigxobeni sakho se-pituitary nendawo ezizungezile.

Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zezifo ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokuthi yini okumele uyilinde ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Ukwehluleka kwama-hormone: Isigxobo sakho se-pituitary singase singakhiqizi ama-hormone okukhula, ama-hormone e-thyroid, noma amanye ama-hormone abalulekile ngokwanele
• I-Diabetes insipidus: Ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-urine kahle, okubangela ukunatha nokuthina okukhulu
• Ukulahlekelwa kokubona: Ukulahlekelwa kokubona okuphelele noma okuphelele, ikakhulukazi ukubona eceleni
• Uku shintsha kwengqondo: Izinkinga zokukhumbula, ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile, noma uku shintsha komuntu
• Ukukhuluphala: Ukuzuza isisindo esikhulu ngenxa yomonakalo kuma-appetite control centers ebuchosheni bakho
• Izinkinga zokulala: Ukuphazamiseka kokulala noma ukulala okukhulu emini
• I-Hydrocephalus: Ukubunjwa kwamanzi ebuchosheni uma umdlavuza uvala ukopha amanzi okujwayelekile

Ezinye izinhlanganisela zingase ziphumelele ekwelapheni ngokwakho. Ukuhlinzwa eduze kwesigxobo se-pituitary nengqondo kunazo izingozi, futhi ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungase kube nomphumela wesikhathi eside ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuxoxela ngalezi zingozi futhi lisebenze ukuze linciphise izinhlanganisela ngenkathi liwelapha kahle umdlavuza wakho.

I-craniopharyngioma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-craniopharyngioma ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Bayo qaphela ikakhulukazi ukubona kwakho, ama-reflexes, kanye nezibonakaliso zezinkinga zama-hormone.

Ithuluzi ebaluleke kakhulu lokuhlola yi-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yengqondo yakho. Le scan eningiliziwe ingabonisa ngokucacile ubukhulu bomdlavuza, indawo yawo, nobuhlobo bayo nezakhiwo ezizungezile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayalele i-CT scan ukuze abone kangcono noma yimaphi ama-calcium deposits emdlavuzini.

Izivivinyo zegazi zisiza ekutholeni ukungalingani kwama-hormone okubonisa izinkinga zesigxobo se-pituitary. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga ama-hormone ahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi ama-hormone okukhula, ama-hormone e-thyroid, ne-cortisol. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi umdlavuza uthonya kangakanani umsebenzi we-pituitary yakho.

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo kubalulekile njengoba abantu abaningi abanayo i-craniopharyngioma banezinkinga zokubona. I-ophthalmologist izohlola imikhakha yakho yokubona ukuze imape ngokuqondile izindawo zokubona ezithintekile. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelapha nokugcina umbiko wakho.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-craniopharyngioma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-craniopharyngioma ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlinzwa njengendlela eyinhloko, ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Umgomo ukususwa okukhulu komdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kulondolozwa imisebenzi ebalulekile yengqondo.

I-neurosurgeon yakho izokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ngokusekelwe ebukhulu bomdlavuza wakho nendawo yawo. Bangase basebenze ngenkathi yempumulo (indlela ye-transsphenoidal) ngemidlavuza emincane noma ngesikhala esincane ekhanda lakho (i-craniotomy) ngemidlavuza emikhulu. Ukususwa okuphelele akuvamile ukwenzeka ngaphandle kokubeka engozini izindawo eziqakathekile zengqondo.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukulandela ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma kusele umdlavuza othile. Izindlela zanamuhla njenge-stereotactic radiosurgery zingase zihlose ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza asaleyo ngenkathi kuncishiswa umonakalo kumaseli ampilo. Lokhu kwelashwa kungase kunikezwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma kugcinwe kamuva uma umdlavuza ukhula kabusha.

Ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwama-hormone kudingeka ngokuvamile kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa. Ungase udinga imithi yokufaka i-hormone ye-thyroid, ama-hormone okukhula, i-cortisol, noma amanye ama-hormone esigxobo sakho se-pituitary esingasakwazi ukuwakhiqiza ngokwanele. Le miithi ikusiza ukubuyisela imisebenzi yomzimba evamile futhi ilungise ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-craniopharyngioma?

Ukuphatha izimpawu ze-craniopharyngioma ekhaya kuhilela ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngenkathi wenza ukulungiswa okuwusizo emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke. Ukuthatha imithi yakho eyalwe ngokuzikhandla yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha.

Uma ubhekene noku shintsha kokubona, yenza indawo yakho yekhaya ibe yilona lokulondeka ngokuqeda ukukhanya, ukususa izingozi zokuwa, nokusebenzisa imibala ehlukahlukene ukuze usize ukwahlukanisa izinto. Cabanga ngokusebenzisa ama-magnifying glasses okuthola izincwadi nokucela amalungu omndeni ukuthi azibikezele uma ngena emakamelweni.

Ngezimpawu ezihlobene nama-hormone njengokukhathala, yenza amashejuli okulala ajwayelekile futhi uqondise imisebenzi yakho usuku lonke. Uma ubhekene noku shintsha kwesisindo, sebenzisana nodokotela wokudla ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokudla olusekela imigomo yakho yempilo ngenkathi uqaphela noma yikuphi uku shintsha kwesifiso.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze ulandelele uku shintsha ebuhlungwini bekhanda, ukuboneni, amazinga amandla, kanye nesimo sengqondo. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa ukwelashwa nokubamba noma yikuphi uku shintsha okukhathazayo ekuqaleni. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zibe sibi noma ezinye zivela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba uqondile ngezinkinga zokubona, izindlela zokubeletha, kanye nanoma yikuphi uku shintsha kwamandla akho, isimo sengqondo, noma isisindo.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho yamanje, kufaka phakathi imithamo nokuthi uyithatha kangaki. Buye uqoqe noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, imiphumela yokuhlola, noma izifundo zokufana ezihlobene nesimo sakho. Uma ubona odokotela abanye ngalezi zimpawu, letha lawo marekodi futhi.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ngokubuza ngezindlela zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi engenzeka, umbono wesikhathi eside, kanye nendlela isimo esingathinta ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuthi uqonde kahle isimo sakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile nokukunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Ukuba nomuntu omunye okhona kungase futhi kusize uma uxoxa ngezinqumo zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukukhumbula imiyalo ngemva kwe-aphoyintimenti.

Yini eyinhloko nge-craniopharyngioma?

I-Craniopharyngioma iwumdlavuza omncane kodwa ophatheka kahle wengqondo ofuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile futhi ngokuvamile ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, abantu abaningi abaneli gciwane baqhubeka bephila impilo ezele ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili nokwelashwa ngokuvamile kuholela kwimiphumela emihle. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside njengoku shintsha kokubona, ubuhlungu bekhanda, noma izinkinga ezihlobene nama-hormone, unganqikazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela eqembu lapho i-neurosurgeons, i-endocrinologists, i-ophthalmologists, kanye nezinye izazi zisebenza ndawonye. Nakuba ungase udinga ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwama-hormone okuqhubekayo nokugcinwa njalo, le miithi ingaphatha kahle izimpawu eziningi nezinhlanganisela.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokuzikhandla, futhi unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ukukhuluma ngezinkinga. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa, ungaphatha kahle leli gciwane futhi ugcine ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-craniopharyngioma

Q1: Ingabe i-craniopharyngioma yi-cancer?

Cha, i-craniopharyngioma ayisiyo i-cancer. Lezi yizinhlobo zezifo ezilungile (ezingezona i-cancer) ezingasabalali kwamanye amalunga omzimba. Noma kunjalo, zingase zisabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yendawo yazo eduze kwezakhiwo eziqakathekile zengqondo njengesigxobo se-pituitary nezinzwa zokubona.

Q2: Ingabe i-craniopharyngioma ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekulawuleni okuhle kwesikhathi eside kwe-craniopharyngioma yabo ngokwelashwa, nakuba ukwelashwa okuphelele kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Uma umdlavuza wonke ungasuswa ngokuphepha ngokukhanda, ithuba lokuphulukisa liphezulu. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo nokugcinwa ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ekuqaleni.

Q3: Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwama-hormone ukuphila kwami konke?

Abantu abaningi abanayo i-craniopharyngioma badinga ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwama-hormone ukuphila kwabo konke, ikakhulukazi uma isigxobo sabo se-pituitary sithintekile kakhulu. Ama-hormone athile owadingayo kuncike ekutheni yimiphi imisebenzi ye-pituitary eyonakele. I-endocrinologist yakho izolandelela njalo amazinga akho ama-hormone futhi ilungise imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Q4: Ngingakanani okumele ngibe ne-aphoyintimenti zokulandelela ne-scans?

Amashejuli okulandelela ahluka kuye ngokwelashwa kwakho nesimo sakho somuntu siqu. Ekuqaleni, ungase udinga ama-MRI scans yonke imihla eyi-3-6, ngokuvamile ukwanda kokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma isimo sakho sihlala siqondile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha futhi amazinga akho ama-hormone nempilo yakho yonke njalo.

Q5: Ingabe i-craniopharyngioma ingathinta ikhono lami lokusebenza noma ukuqhuba?

Uku shintsha kokubona okuvela kwi-craniopharyngioma kungathinta ikhono lakho lokuqhuba ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi uma ulahlekelwe ukubona kwakho eceleni. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoqapha ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuhlangabezana yini nezidingo zokuqhuba. Abantu abaningi bangase baqhubeke besebenza ngokwelashwa okufanele nokwenza izinto ezifanele endaweni yomsebenzi uma kudingeka.