Dermatomyositis

I-Dermatomyositis (dur-muh-toe-my-uh-SY-tis) yisifo esingavamile sokuvuvukala esiphawulwa amandla emanxeba kanye nokuqhuma okukhethekile kwesikhumba.

Leli simo lingathinta abantu abadala nezingane. Kubantu abadala, i-dermatomyositis ngokuvamile ivele eminyakeni engama-40 kuya kwengu-60. Ezinganeni, ngokuvamile ivela phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 nengu-15. I-Dermatomyositis ithinta abesifazane abaningi kunemadoda.

Ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-dermatomyositis, kodwa kungenzeka kube khona izikhathi zokuthuthuka kwezimpawu. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuqedeni ukuqhuma kwesikhumba futhi kukusize ubuyisele amandla emanxeba nomsebenzi.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-dermatomyositis zingabonakala ngokuzumayo noma zithuthuke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu nezimpawu zihlanganisa:

• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba. Ukuqhuma okubomvu okubomvu noma okumnyama kuvela, kuvame kakhulu ebusweni nasezimpandwini zamehlo nasezinqwenqweni, amahlombe, amadolo, isifuba nemuva. Ukuqhuma, okungaba nomkhuhlane nobuhlungu, kuvame ukuba yisibonakaliso sokuqala se-dermatomyositis.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo buhilela imisipha eseduze nomzimba, njengaleyo ezikhipha, ezinqenqemeni, emagxalabeni, ezingalweni eziphezulu nezinqeni. Ubuthakathaka buthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba wakho, futhi buyaqhubeka bube bubi kancane kancane.

Funani usizo lokuwelapha uma uthuthukisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma isihlungu esingachazwanga.

Imbangela ye-dermatomyositis ayaziwa, kodwa leli gciwane lifana kakhulu nezifo ze-autoimmune, lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sihlasela ngephutha izicubu zomzimba wakho.

Faktha ze-genetic kanye nezemvelo nazo zingase zidlale indima. Izici zemvelo zingafaka ukutheleleka yi-viral, ukukhanya kwelanga, imithi ethile nokubhema.

Nakuba noma ubani angaba ne-dermatomyositis, kuvame kakhulu kubantu ababelethwe njengabesifazane. I-jenetiki nezici zezindawo ezihlanganisa ukutheleleka yi-viral nokuvezwa elangeni nakho kungase kukhulise ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-dermatomyositis.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-dermatomyositis zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema okunzima. Uma imisipha esesibindini sakho ithonyeka, ungaba nezinkinga zokubhema, okungabangela ukwehla kwesisindo nokondleka okungalungile.
• I-pneumonia yokungena komoya. Ukubhema okunzima kungakwenza futhi uphefumule ukudla noma izinto eziphuzwayo, kuhlanganise nama-saliva, emaphaphwini akho.
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula. Uma isimo sithinta imisipha yesifuba sakho, ungaba nezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula okunzima.
• Ukuqongelelana kwe-calcium. Lokhu kungenzeka emiphahleni yakho, ezikhwameni nasezinhlabathini ezihlanganisa njengoba isifo siqhubeka. Lezi zinto eziqongelelekile zivame kakhulu kubantwana abane-dermatomyositis futhi zivele ngokushesha ekuqaleni kwesifo.

Uma dokotela wakho enomuzwa wokuthi une-dermatomyositis, angase asikisele ezinye zezivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Uhlalutyo lwegazi. Uvivinyo lwegazi luzokwazisa udokotela wakho uma unezinga eliphezulu le-enzymes yemisipha engabonisa ukulimala kwemisipha. Uvivinyo lwegazi lungase futhi luthola ama-autoantibodies ahlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezahlukene ze-dermatomyositis, okuyosisiza ekutholeni imithi engcono kakhulu nokwelashwa.
• I-X-ray yesifuba. Lovivinyo oluqondile lungahlola izimpawu zohlobo lokulimala kwemiphunga okuvela ngezinye izikhathi nge-dermatomyositis.
• I-Electromyography. Udokotela onokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ufake i-electrode yeneedle ecwebezelayo ngesikhumba ukuya emisipha okumele ihlungwe. Kulinganiselwa umsebenzi wamagetsi njengoba ukhululeka noma uqinisa umsipha, futhi ukuguquka kwesakhiwo somsebenzi wamagethi kungaqinisekisa isifo semisipha. Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imisipha ethintekile.
• I-MRI. I-scanner yenza izithombe zesigaba somsipha wakho kusuka ku-data evela endaweni enamandla ye-magnetic ne-radio waves. Ngokungafani ne-muscle biopsy, i-MRI ingalinganisa ukuvuvukala endaweni enkulu yemisipha.
• I-biopsy yesikhumba noma yemisipha. Ingxenye encane yesikhumba noma yemisipha isuswa ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. I-sample yesikhumba ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa kwe-dermatomyositis. I-muscle biopsy ingase iveze ukuvuvukala emipha yakho noma ezinye izinkinga, njengokulimala noma ukutheleleka. Uma i-biopsy yesikhumba iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, i-muscle biopsy ingase ingadingeki.

Asikho ikhambi le-dermatomyositis, kodwa ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa isikhumba sakho namandla emisipha yakho kanye nomsebenzi wayo.

Imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-dermatomyositis ihlanganisa:

Ngokuya ngokubaluleka kwezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise:

• I-Corticosteroids. Imithi enjenge-prednisone (Rayos) ingalawula ngokushesha izimpawu ze-dermatomyositis. Kodwa-ke ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke udokotela wakho, ngemuva kokubhala umthamo ophezulu ukuze ulawule izimpawu zakho, angase anciphise kancane umthamo njengoba izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka zithuthuka.

• Izinto ezikhuthazayo ze-corticosteroid. Uma zisetshenziswa ne-corticosteroid, le miithi inganciphisa umthamo nemiphumela emibi ye-corticosteroid. Imithi emibili evamile kakhulu ye-dermatomyositis yi-azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran) ne-methotrexate (Trexall). I-Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) enye imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-dermatomyositis, ikakhulukazi uma amaphaphu ehilelekile.

• I-Rituximab (Rituxan). Evame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-rituximab iyisinqumo uma izindlela zokuqala zingalawuli izimpawu zakho.

• Imithi yokulwa ne-malaria. Ngesikhumba esiqhubekayo, udokotela wakho angase abhale imithi yokulwa ne-malaria, njenge-hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil).

• I-Sunscreens. Ukuvikela isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngokusebenzisa i-sunscreen nokugqoka izingubo zokuvikela neziqalo kubalulekile ekuphatheni isikhumba se-dermatomyositis.

• Ukwelashwa komzimba. Uchwepheshe wokwelashwa komzimba angakubonisa ukuzivocavoca ukuze ugcine futhi uthuthukise amandla akho nokuqina kwakho futhi akuqondise ngezinga elifanele lomsebenzi.

• Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma. Uma imisipha yakho yokugwinya ithonya, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungakusiza ufunde ukuthi ungabuyisela kanjani lezo zinguquko.

• Ukulinganiswa kokudla. Kamuva ekuhambeni kwe-dermatomyositis, ukukoma nokugwinya kungaba nzima kakhulu. Uchwepheshe wokudla angakufundisa ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukudla okulula ukukudla.

• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). I-IVIg iyimikhiqizo yegazi ehlanzekile enezinsimbi zokulwa nezifo eziphilayo ezivela ezinkulwini zamadonari egazi. Lezi zinsimbi zokulwa nezifo eziphilayo zingavimba izinsimbi zokulwa nezifo eziphilayo ezilimazayo ezihlasela imisipha nesisu kwi-dermatomyositis. Inikezwa njengokufakwa ngomqondo, ukwelashwa kwe-IVIg kubiza kakhulu futhi kungase kudingeke kubuyekezwe njalo ukuze imiphumela iqhubeke.