Ubuthakathaka yiDiabetes? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Diabetes yisimo lapho umzimba wakho uhluleka ukulawula amazinga eshukela egazini ngokufanele. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yamandla omzimba wakho edinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukuze isebenze ngokulandelana.

Uma udle, umzimba wakho uqhekeza ukudla kube yi-glucose (ishukela) yamandla. Ngokuvamile, i-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin iyasiza lesi shukela singene ezicelisweni zakho. Ngo-diabetes, noma umzimba wakho awenzi i-insulin eyanele noma awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo, okubangela ukuba ishukela lihlale egazini lakho esikhundleni sokunika amandla izicelo zakho.

Iyini i-Diabetes?

I-Diabetes kwenzeka uma i-glucose yakho yegazi ihlala iphezulu kakhulu isikhathi eside kakhulu. I-pancreas yakho, umzimba omncane ngemuva kwesisu sakho, ngokuvamile ikhiqiza i-insulin ukusiza i-glucose ingene ezicelisweni zakho yamandla.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-diabetes, kodwa zonke zihlanganyela lo msebenzi ovamile wokulawula ishukela egazini. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, abantu abane-diabetes bangaphila impilo egcwele, enempilo.

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-37 baseMelika bane-diabetes, ngakho-ke awuwedwa uma ubhekene nalesi simo. Sekuyinto evamile kakhulu, kodwa ukuqonda kwezokwelapha nezinketho zokwelapha kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Diabetes?

I-Type 1 diabetes ivela uma uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha luhlasela ngephutha izicelo e-pancreas yakho ezenza i-insulin. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awukhiqizi i-insulin encane noma engenalutho ngokwayo, okudinga ukugonywa kwe-insulin nsuku zonke ukuze uphile.

I-Type 2 diabetes ithuthukiswa uma umzimba wakho uqala ukungazami i-insulin noma awukhiqizi eyanele. Lona uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, oluthinta cishe u-90-95% lwabantu abane-diabetes, futhi ngokuvamile luthuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi.

I-Gestational diabetes ivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho izinguquko ze-hormonal zenza kube nzima i-insulin ukuba isebenze kahle. Ngokuvamile iyahamba ngemuva kokubeletha, kodwa iyandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-Type 2 diabetes kamuva ekuphileni.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingavamile njenge-MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young), ebangelwa yizinguquko ze-genetic, ne-secondary diabetes ephuma kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma imithi ethonya i-pancreas.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Diabetes?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-diabetes zingaba zinobukhulu futhi kulula ukuzidela njengokukhathala kwansuku zonke noma ukucindezeleka. Umzimba wakho usebenza kakhulu ukuze ulawule ishukela eliphezulu egazini, okungakushiya uzizwa ukhuluphukile futhi ungaphili kahle.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Ukomela okwandayo nokuphuma kwesisu njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ukukhathala okungavamile okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukubona okungacaci okuza nokuhamba
• Ukuphulukiswa kancane kwezicucu noma ukutheleleka okuvamile
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki naphezu kokudla okuvamile
• Ukukhahlela noma ukungabi namandla ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
• Ukulanga okwandayo ngisho nangemuva kokudla

Izimpawu ze-Type 1 diabetes ngokuvamile zivela ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi zingaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa. Izimpawu ze-Type 2 diabetes zithuthuka kancane kancane, yingakho abantu abaningi bangaqapheli ukuthi bayinawo izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.

Abanye abantu abanawo nhlobo izimpawu ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi nge-Type 2 diabetes. Kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezempilo okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kweshukela egazini kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni i-diabetes kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Diabetes?

Imbangela eqondile iyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-diabetes oluthuthukisayo. Nge-Type 1 diabetes, kuyisimo se-autoimmune lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha luqeda ngephutha izicelo ezikhiqiza i-insulin e-pancreas yakho.

I-Type 2 diabetes ithuthukiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezithinta indlela umzimba wakho uqondisa ngayo i-insulin:

• Ukuphikisana kwe-insulin, lapho izicelo zakho zingaphenduli kahle kwi-insulin
• Ukuncipha kancane kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas yakho
• Ukukhethwa kwe-genetic okudluliselwa emindenini
• Izinto zendlela yokuphila njengokudla, umsebenzi womzimba, nesisindo
• Izinqubo ezihlobene nobudala sendlela umzimba wakho uqondisa ngayo i-glucose

I-Gestational diabetes ivela lapho ama-hormone okukhulelwa ephazamisa umsebenzi we-insulin. I-placenta yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone angenza izicelo zakho zibe nokumelana okukhulu ne-insulin, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-pancreas yakho ayikwazi ukulandelela isidingo esikhulu.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-diabetes ingaphumela ezifweni ze-pancreas, imithi ethile njenge-steroids, noma izifo ze-genetic. Ukutheleleka kwe-viral kungase futhi kuqalise i-Type 1 diabetes kubantu abanesihlobo se-genetic.

Nini Okufanele Ubheke Udokotela Nge-Diabetes?

Kufanele ubheke umhlinzeki wezempilo uma ubhekene nanoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ze-diabetes, ikakhulukazi ukomela okwandayo, ukuphuma kwesisu njalo, nokukhathala okungachazeki. Lezi zimpawu akufanele zidelelwe, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenabungozi.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinkulu njengokugabha, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, umoya onuka njengomkhiqizo, noma ukulala okukhulu. Lokhu kungabonisa i-diabetic ketoacidosis, inkinga enzima edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubalulekile ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu. Abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 kufanele bahlolwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu, futhi ngokushesha noma ngokuvamile uma unezingozi njengomlando womndeni, ukukhuluphuka, noma ukucindezela kwegazi.

Uma ukhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto angu-24-28. Abesifazane abanezingozi eziphezulu bangadinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo.

Ziyini Izingozi ze-Diabetes?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-diabetes, yize ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Ukuqonda ingozi yakho kukusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Izingozi ze-Type 2 diabetes zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhuluphuka noma ukukhuluphuka, ikakhulukazi ngokukhuluphuka okukhulu kwesisu
• Umlando womndeni we-diabetes kubazali noma abafowabo
• Iminyaka engu-35 noma ngaphezulu, yize ingase ivela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ukungasebenzi komzimba noma indlela yokuphila engasuki
• Umlando we-gestational diabetes noma ukubeletha ingane engaphezu kwamapounds angu-9
• Ukucindezela kwegazi noma amazinga e-cholesterol angavamile
• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) kwabesifazane
• Izizwe ezithile ezihlanganisa i-African American, i-Hispanic, i-Native American, noma i-Asian American

Izingozi ze-Type 1 diabetes azicaci kodwa zingase zihlanganise umlando womndeni, amamaki athile e-genetic, futhi mhlawumbe izinto eziphazamisayo ezizungezile njengokutheleleka kwe-viral. Ingase ithuthuke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka kodwa ngokuvamile ivela ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.

Ezinye izingozi njenge-genetics nobudala azikwazi ukushintshwa, kodwa ezinye njengesisindo, ukudla, nezindlela zokuzivocavoca zilawulwa. Ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zendlela yokuphila zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-Type 2 diabetes.

Ziyini Izinhlungu Ezingase Zivele Nge-Diabetes?

I-glucose eliphezulu egazini isikhathi eside lingalimaza imithambo yegazi nezinzwa kulo lonke umzimba wakho, okuholela ezinhlungwini ezahlukene. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukugcina ishukela lakho egazini lilawulwa kahle kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa le miqondo.

Izinhlungu ezivamile ezingathuthuka kancane kancane zihlanganisa:

• Isifo senhliziyo nokushaya kwesigxobo ngenxa yemithambo yegazi elilimaziwe
• Isifo sezinso (i-diabetic nephropathy) esingathuthuka sibe yinkinga yesinso
• Izinkinga zamehlo ezihlanganisa i-diabetic retinopathy, engabangela ubuthakathaka
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa (i-diabetic neuropathy) okubangela ubuhlungu, ukukhahlela, noma ukungabi namandla
• Izinkinga zezinyawo nokuphulukiswa kancane kwezicucu okungase kuholele ekuthelelekeni
• Izimo zesikhumba nokutheleleka okwandayo
• Izinkinga zamahlombe ezihlanganisa isifo samahlombe

Izinhlungu ezibukhali zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi zihlanganisa i-diabetic ketoacidosis (ikakhulukazi ku-Type 1), i-hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (ikakhulukazi ku-Type 2), nezingxenye ezinzima zesukela eliphezulu egazini.

Nakuba lezi zinkinga zizwa zesabekisa, khumbula ukuthi ukulawulwa okuhle kwesukela egazini, ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha, nezindlela zokuphila ezempilo zingavimbela noma zilimise kakhulu eziningi zazo. Abantu abaningi abane-diabetes baphila impilo engenazo izinkinga.

I-Diabetes Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

I-Type 1 diabetes ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngoba kuyisimo se-autoimmune. Noma kunjalo, i-Type 2 diabetes ivimbeka kakhulu ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, ngisho noma unezingozi ze-genetic.

Amasu okuvimbela okuphumelelayo ahlanganisa ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganiselayo nomsebenzi womzimba ovamile. Ngisho nokunciphisa isisindo esincane sika-5-10% kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho uma ukhuluphuke.

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okugcwele njengezimifino, izithelo, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, nama-grains agcwele ngenkathi ugcina ukudla okuqediwe, iziphuzo ezishukela, nama-carbohydrates aqediwe. Awudingi ukudla okuhle, nje izinqumo ezempilo eziqhubekayo kakhulu isikhathi.

Hlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nsuku zonke, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukuqubha, noma ukujika ibhayisikili. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kabili ngesonto futhi kusiza imisipha yakho ukuba isebenzise i-glucose ngokuphumelelayo.

Amanye izinyathelo eziwusizo ahlanganisa ukulawula ukucindezeleka, ukuthola ukulala okwanele, ukugwema ukusebenzisa utsha, nokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Lezi zinto zendlela yokuphila zithinta indlela umzimba wakho uqondisa ngayo i-glucose futhi uphendule kwi-insulin.

I-Diabetes Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-diabetes kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okulula kwegazi okuqapha amazinga akho e-glucose. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-diabetes olukhona.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuhlonza kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C, okubonisa ishukela lakho egazini eliphakathi kwesikhathi esidlule sezinyanga ezingu-2-3. I-A1C engu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu ibonisa i-diabetes, kuyilapho i-5.7-6.4% isikisela i-prediabetes.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma glucose okuzila ukudla kuqapha ishukela lakho egazini ngemuva kokungadli okungenani amahora angu-8. Imiphumela engu-126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ibonisa i-diabetes, kuyilapho i-100-125 mg/dL isikisela i-prediabetes.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-plasma glucose okungahleliwe kungenziwa noma nini ngaphandle kokuzila ukudla. Imiphumela engu-200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu, kanye nezimpawu ze-diabetes, ibonisa i-diabetes.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengezinga le-C-peptide noma ukuhlolwa kwe-autoantibody ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-Type 1 ne-Type 2 diabetes, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abathuthukisa lesi simo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Diabetes Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-diabetes kugxila ekuqondiseni amazinga akho eshukela egazini eduze kwesilinganiso ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kukusiza uzizwe kahle. Indlela ethile ixhomeke kuhlobo lwe-diabetes olukhona nezimo zakho zomuntu siqu.

I-Type 1 diabetes ihlale idinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin njengoba umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi i-insulin ngokwemvelo. Uzosebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze unqume izinhlobo ezifanele nesikhathi sokugonywa kwe-insulin noma ukwelashwa nge-insulin pump.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Type 2 diabetes ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila okuhlanganisa ukudla okunempilo, umsebenzi womzimba ovamile, nokuphathwa kwesisindo. Uma lokhu kunganelisi, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi njenge-metformin, esiza umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo.

Eminye imithi ye-Type 2 diabetes isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengokusiza i-pancreas yakho ukuba ikhiqize i-insulin engaphezulu, ukuhambisa i-glucose kancane, noma ukusiza izinso zakho ukuba zisuse i-glucose engaphezulu ngomchamo.

Ukuqapha ishukela egazini kubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-diabetes. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma ukuthi uqaphe amazinga akho kangakanani namazinga okuhlosela kuwo ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha kusiza ukuqapha intuthuko yakho nokukhomba izinkinga. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C njalo ngenyanga ezingu-3-6, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wezinso, nokuhlolwa kwezinyawo.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Se-Diabetes?

Ukuphathwa kwe-diabetes ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukudala izindlela zansuku zonke ezisekela amazinga eshukela egazini asikhulu. Ikhona ukulandelelana ekudleni kwakho, imithi, nezindlela zomsebenzi ngenkathi uhlala unokuguquguquka okwanele ukusingatha ukwenyuka nokwehla kokuphila.

Qapha ishukela lakho egazini njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ugcine ilog yemiphumela kanye nezincazelo mayelana nokudla, umsebenzi womzimba, ukucindezeleka, nendlela ozizwa ngayo. Lolu lwazi lukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukwenza ukulungiswa kokwelashwa.

Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Beka izikhumbuzo ocingweni lwakho noma usebenzise umhleli wezithombe ukuze ugcine ukulandelelana. Ungalokothi uskife izilinganiso noma uyeke imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Hlela ukudla okulinganiselayo nokudla okuncane okuhlanganisa ukuxuba kwamaprotheni, amafutha anempilo, nama-carbohydrates amaningi. Ukufunda ukubala ama-carbohydrates kungakusiza ukuba ubikezele kangcono ukuthi ukudla kuzothinta kanjani ishukela lakho egazini.

Hlala usebenzile ngemisebenzi oyithandayo, kodwa ulungele ukulungisa isikhathi sakho ngokuya ngezinga lakho leshukela egazini. Gcina amathebulethi e-glucose asebenza ngokushesha noma ukudla okuncane eduze uma kwenzeka izigameko zesukela eliphezulu egazini.

Dala uhlelo lokusekela lomndeni, abangane, noma amaqembu asekelayo e-diabetes. Ukuphatha isimo esingapheli kulula uma ungazizwa sengathi uyenza wedwa.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela izihlalo zakho ze-diabetes kukusiza ukuba wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Letha ilog yakho yeshukela egazini, uhlu lwemithi, nanoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka okukhathazayo.

Bhala izimpawu ozibonile kusukela ekuhambeleni kwakho kokugcina, kuhlanganise nokuthi zenzeke nini nokuthi yini engase iziqalise. Ungakhathazeki ngokubonakala unolwazi oluningi – lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho kanye nezinye izinto. Letha amabhodlela angeziwe uma kungenzeka, njengoba izilinganiso nesikhathi singabalulekile ekuphathweni kwe-diabetes yakho.

Cabanga ngezinhloso zakho nokukhathazeka mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-diabetes yakho. Uhlupheka yiziphi izici zokuphathwa? Ufuna ukuxoxa ngezinketho ezintsha zokwelapha noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila?

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane uma ufuna ukwesekwa, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezibalulekile lapho izinguquko zokwelapha zingase zixoxwe. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi ubuze imibuzo ongaziqapheli.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana ne-Diabetes?

I-Diabetes yisimo esilawuleka esingadingi ukuchaza impilo yakho noma ukulinganisela amaphupho akho. Nakuba idinga ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke, izigidi zabantu abane-diabetes baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo, nempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwakha uhlelo lokuphatha oluhambisana nendlela yakho yokuphila nezinhloso. Lolu hlobo lobudlelwano lukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokulawula kahle ishukela egazini nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-diabetes kuyimigijimi, akuyona imidubulo. Ezinye izinsuku ziyoba ngcono kunezinye, futhi lokho kuyinto evamile. Gxila entuthukweni kunokuphelela, futhi gubha izinqoba ezincane endleleni.

Hlala unolwazi mayelana nesimo sakho, kodwa ungavumeli sikucindezele. Ubuchwepheshe nezinketho zokwelapha ziyaqhubeka zithuthuka, okwenza ukuphathwa kwe-diabetes kube lula futhi kube nomphumela ophezulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Diabetes

Ingaphiliswa yini i-diabetes?

Okwamanje, ayikho impilo ye-diabetes, kodwa ingaphathwa kahle kakhulu. I-Type 2 diabetes ingase iye ekuphumuleni ngokuguqulwa okukhulu kwendlela yokuphila, kodwa isadinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. I-Type 1 diabetes ihlale idinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, yize ucwaningo mayelana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha luyaqhubeka.

Ngingadingeka yini ukushiya yonke imikhiqizo engiyithandayo?

Awudingi ukushiya yonke imikhiqizo oyithandayo, kodwa kuzodingeka ufunde ukuthi uyijabulela kanjani ngokulinganisela futhi uyilinganise nezinye izinqumo ezempilo. Ukusebenza nodokotela obhalisiwe kungakusiza ukuba udale uhlelo lokudla oluhlanganisa ukudla okuthandayo ngenkathi ugcina ishukela lakho egazini lihle.

Ingabe i-diabetes iyadluliseka?

Cha, i-diabetes ayidluliseki. Awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu ngokuthinta, ukwabelana ngokudla, noma ukuba eduze kwabantu abane-diabetes. I-Type 1 iyisimo se-autoimmune, futhi i-Type 2 ithuthukiswa ngenxa yezinto ze-genetic nezendlela yokuphila.

Ngingasebenza yini nge-diabetes?

Yebo, umsebenzi womzimba empeleni ingenye yezinto ezinhle ongayenza ngokuphathwa kwe-diabetes. Umsebenzi womzimba usizela umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo futhi unganciphisa amazinga eshukela egazini. Ungadinga ukuqapha ishukela lakho egazini ngokucophelela futhi ulungise imithi yakho noma ukudla okuncane, kodwa imisebenzi eminingi iphephile ngokuphelele.

Kwenzekani uma ishukela lami egazini liba liphansi kakhulu?

Isuka eliphezulu egazini (hypoglycemia) lingabangela izimpawu njengokukhahlela, ukukhahlela, ukudideka, noma ukukhahlela. Yilwelaphe ngokushesha ngamagremu angu-15 e-carbohydrates asebenza ngokushesha njenge-glucose tablets, ijusi, noma amakhekhe. Hlola ishukela lakho egazini ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 futhi uphinde uma kudingeka. Hlala uthwala umthombo osheshayo we-glucose nawe.