Hypoglycemia Yoswekere

Ubuthakathaka beswekile ezikhutshweni beqala uma umuntu onalesifo sikashukela engenayo iswekile (iglucose) eyanele egazini lakhe. I-glucose iwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni nasebuchosheni, ngakho awukwazi ukusebenza kahle uma ungenayo eyanele.

Kubantu abaningi, iswekile ephansi yegazi (hypoglycemia) yilinga leswekile legazi elingaphansi kuka-70 milligrams ngedeciliter (mg/dL), noma ama-3.9 millimoles ngelitha (mmol/L). Kodwa izinombolo zakho zingase zihluke. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngezinga elifanele lokugcina iswekile yakho yegazi (ububanzi obufiselekayo).

Qaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokungaphili kahle kweswekile futhi welaphe iswekile ephansi yegazi ngokushesha. Ungaphakamisa iswekile yakho yegazi ngokushesha ngokudla noma ukuphuza umthombo weswekile olula, njengezithasheli ze-glucose, amakhandi aqinile noma ijusi lezithelo. Tshela umndeni nabangane bakho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele bazibheke nokuthi yini okufanele bayenze uma ungakwazi ukuwelapha wedwa isimo.

Izimpawu zokuqala nezimpawu eziqala ngokushesha

Izimpawu zokuqala nezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ye-diabetic zihlanganisa:

• Ukubukeka okumhlophe (pallor)
• Ukuxakuxaka
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukukhanya ekhanda
• Ukukhanyisa
• Indlala noma isicanucanu
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo
• Ubunzima bokuqonda
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka nokuba ngaphandle kwamandla (ukukhathala)
• Ukucasuka noma ukukhathazeka
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda
• Ukukhahlela noma ukungabi namandla emlonyeni, olulimeni noma ehlombe

Ubuthakathaka obukhulu be-hypoglycemia bungabangela izinkinga ezinzima, kufaka phakathi ukuhlushwa yizigwegwe noma ukungazi lutho, okudinga ukunakekelwa okuphaphandwe. Qiniseka ukuthi umndeni wakho, abangane bakho nabantu osebenza nabo bayazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze uma kwenzeka inhlekelele.

Xelela abantu obathemba nge-hypoglycemia. Uma abanye bekwazi izimpawu okufanele bazibheke, bangakwazi ukukwazisa ngezimpawu zokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi amalungu omndeni nabangane abaseduze bakwazi ukuthi uyibeka kuphi i-glucagon nokuthi bayinike kanjani ukuze isimo esingaba yingozi kube lula ukusiphatha ngokuphepha. I-Glucagon uhormone eshukumisa ukukhishwa keshukela egazini.

Nanka amanye ulwazi oluphuthumayo okufanele uwanike abanye. Uma ukhona nomuntu ongaziphenduli (ulahlekelwe yikwazi) noma ongakwazi ukugwinya ngenxa yokuntuleka kweshukela egazini:

• Ungayifaki i-insulin, ngoba lokhu kuzokwenza amazinga eshukela egazini wehle nakakhulu
• Unganiki izinto ezinwetshiwe noma ukudla, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukukhahlela
• Nikeza i-glucagon ngokuqapha noma isiphephelo se-nasal
• Shaya u-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo endaweni yakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusheshayo uma i-glucagon ingekho, awazi ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani, noma umuntu akaziphenduli

Uma unezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia izikhathi eziningi ngesonto noma ngaphezulu, bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Kungadingeka ushintshe umthamo wakho wemithi noma isikhathi, noma uhlengahlengise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lwesifo sikashukela.

Ushukela ophansi wegazi luvamile kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa i-insulin, kodwa futhi kungenzeka uma usebenzisa imithi ethile yokwelapha isifo sikashukela.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokwehla komfutho wegazi kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa i-insulin noma imithi yokwelapha isifo sikashukela eningi kakhulu
• Ukungadli ngokwanele
• Ukulibazisa noma ukweqa ukudla noma isidlo esincane
• Ukwandisa umsebenzi noma umzimba ngaphandle kokudla okuningi noma ukulungisa imithi yakho
• Ukuphuza utshwala

Abanye abantu banengozi enkulu yokufinyelela i-hypoglycemia yama-diabetic, okuhlanganisa:

• Abantu abasebenzisa i-insulin
• Abantu abaphuza imithi yama-diabetic ebizwa ngokuthi yi-sulfonylureas, njenge-glipizide (Glucotrol), i-glimepiride (Amaryl) noma i-glyburide (Diabeta, Glynase)
• Abantwana abancinyane nabantu abadala
• Labo abane-impairment yesibindi noma i-kidney
• Abantu abaye baba ne-diabetes isikhathi eside
• Abantu abangazizwa izimpawu ze-low blood sugar (hypoglycemia unawareness)
• Labo abaphuza imithi eminingi
• Noma ubani onenkinga yokukhubazeka evimbela ukuphendula okusheshayo emazingeni e-blood sugar awohlaka
• Abantu abaphuza utshwala

Uma ungazinaki isikhathi eside izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, ungase ulahlekelwe ukwazi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bakho budinga i-glucose ukuze busebenze. Qaphela izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia kusenesikhathi, ngoba uma ingaphathwa, i-hypoglycemia ingabangela:

• Ukubamba
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• Ukufa

Thatha izimpawu zakho zokuqala ngokungathi sína. I-hypoglycemia yesifo sikashukela ingandisa ingozi yezingozi ezinkulu — ngisho nezingozi ezibulawa.

Ukuvimbela ukuhlazeka kweswekile:

• Qapha izinga leswekile egazini lakho. Kuye ngecebo lakho lokwelashwa, ungahlola futhi ubhale izinga leswekile egazini lakho izikhathi eziningi ngesonto noma izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Ukuqapha ngokucophelela kuphela indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga leswekile egazini lakho lihlala lisezingeni lakho.
• Ungaphoswa noma ulibambezele ukudla noma ukudla okuncane. Uma uthatha i-insulin noma imithi yeswekile yomlomo, qiniseka ngesamba osikudlayo nesikhathi sokudla kwakho nokudla okuncane.
• Linganisa imithi ngokucophelela futhi uyithathe ngesikhathi. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba kunconywe yisikhungo sakho sezempilo.
• Lungisa imithi yakho noma udle ukudla okuncane okwengeziwe uma ukhulisa umsebenzi wakho womzimba. Ukulungiswa kuncike emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kweswekile egazini, uhlobo nobude bomsebenzi, kanye nemithi oyithathayo. Landela icebo lakho lokwelashwa kweswekile uma wenza ukulungiswa.
• Dla ukudla noma ukudla okuncane ngotshwala, uma ukhetha ukuphuza. Ukuphuza utshwala esiswini esingenalutho kungabangela ukuhlazeka kweswekile. U-Alkoholu ungabangela ukuhlazeka kweswekile ngemuva kwamahora amaningi, okwenza ukuqapha kweswekile egazini kubaluleke nakakhulu.
• Bhala izimpendulo zakho eziphansi ze-glucose. Lokhu kungakusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukubona izindlela ezibangela ukuhlazeka kweswekile nokufumana izindlela zokuzivimbela.
• Phatha uhlobo oluthile lokubona isiguli seswekile ukuze uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo abanye bazi ukuthi uneswekile. Sebenzisa i-necklace noma i-bracelet yokwaziswa kwezokwelapha nekhadi le-wallet.

Uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu zeshukela ephansi, hlola amazinga akho eshukela egazini nge-glucose meter—isixhobo esincane esilinganisa futhi sibonise amazinga akho eshukela egazini. Une-hypoglycemia uma amazinga akho eshukela egazini ehlala phansi kuka-70 milligrams ngedeciliter (mg/dL) (3.9 millimoles ngelitha (mmol/L)).

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ishukela lakho legazi lingase libe liphansi kakhulu, hlola amazinga eshukela lakho legazi nge-glucose meter. Uma unezimpawu zeswekela legazi eliphansi kodwa awukwazi ukuhlola amazinga eshukela lakho legazi ngokushesha, cabanga ukuthi ishukela lakho legazi liphansi futhi welaphe i-hypoglycemia.

Dla noma uphuze okuthile okuningi ishukela noma i-carbohydrate ukuphakamisa amazinga eshukela lakho legazi ngokushesha. I-glucose ehlanzekile—efumaneka kumaphilisi, amajeli nezinye izinhlobo—iyindlela yokwelapha ekhethiwe.

Ukudla okunemafutha amaningi, njengotsokolate, akuphakamisi ishukela legazi ngokushesha. Futhi iziphuzo ezingezona ze-diet azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha i-hypoglycemia ngoba azinawo ushukela.

Amagama okudla aphakamisa amazinga eshukela lakho legazi ngokushesha afaka:

Ngokuvamile, ukudla noma isiphuzo esine-15 kuya ku-20 grams yama-carbohydrate kuvame ukwanele ukuphakamisa amazinga eshukela lakho legazi ebuye kubheke ezingeni eliphephile.

Hlola amazinga eshukela lakho legazi ngemizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokudla noma ukuphuza okuthile ukwelapha i-hypoglycemia yakho. Uma ishukela lakho legazi lisaphansi, dla noma uphuze enye i-15 kuya ku-20 grams yama-carbohydrate. Phinda leli phethini kuze kube yilapho ishukela lakho legazi liphezulu kuno-70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).

Dla isnack noma ukudla ukuvimbela ishukela lakho legazi ukuba lingaphindi liwe. Uma uvame ukuthatha i-insulin ngokudla, ngokuvamile awudingi i-insulin eyengeziwe uma udle isnack ngemuva kokuba neswekela legazi eliphansi. Kodwa uma uzodla ukudla, ungadinga inani elincane le-insulin ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ishukela lakho legazi aliphakamisi ngokushesha kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuzama ukungaphathi kakhulu ishukela lakho eliphansi. Uma wenza kanjalo, ungabangela ukuba amazinga eshukela lakho legazi aphakame kakhulu, okuzokwenza uzizwe unxanxathekile futhi udlale.

I-Glucagon uhormone ophakamisa ishukela legazi ngokushesha. Ingasindisa impilo uma othile engaphili ngokwanele ukudla noma ukuphuza okuthile ukuphakamisa ishukela lakhe legazi. I-Glucagon itholakala ngokubhalwa kuphela.

I-Glucagon ifika kwikithi lesiprayi esiphuthumayo noma njengokuqothulwa okuxutshwe kakade okulungele ukusetshenziswa. I-Glucagon iyatholakala njengesiphuzo esiphuthumayo se-powder nasal esinikezwa ku-nostril eyodwa. Gcina i-glucagon njengoba kuqondiswe ephaketheni futhi uqaphele usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma kunikezwa othile ongenamqondo, umuntu kufanele aphendulwe eceleni ukuvimbela ukuhlanza uma kwenzeka ukugabha.

Ngemizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokuthola i-glucagon, umuntu kufanele abe ophilile futhi akwazi ukudla. Uma othile engaphenduli phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15, shayela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphaphandayo. Uma othile ephendula ngokushesha kwi-glucagon, kusatusa ukuba uxhumane nodokotela wakho we-diabetes ngokushesha.

Uma ube ne-episode yeswekela legazi eliphansi elalibuhlungu ngokwanele ukudinga usizo kwabanye, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo cishe uzothanda ukuthola ukuthi i-insulin yakho noma eminye imithi ye-diabetes idinga ukulungiswa ukuvimbela enye i-episode ebuhlungu.

Abanye abantu bane-hypoglycemia ephindaphindayo neqine kakhulu naphezu kokulungiswa kwemithi. Kulezi zimo, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase akukhuthaze ukuba ugcine ishukela lakho legazi ezingeni eliphezulu kunokujwayelekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze ukusebenzisa i-continuous glucose monitor—isixhobo esilinganisa ishukela lakho legazi njalo ngemizuzu embalwa usebenzisa isenzo esifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokhuthaza futhi ukuba ube ne-glucagon nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Fundisa abantu obathemba, njengomndeni, abangane nabasebenzi abasondelene, ukuthi bayisebenzise kanjani.

I-continuous glucose monitor, ngakwesobunxele, isisixhobo esilinganisa ishukela legazi njalo ngemizuzu embalwa usebenzisa isenzo esifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. I-insulin pump, ehlanganisiwe nephakethe, isisixhobo esigqokwe ngaphandle komzimba ngompompi oxhuma i-reservoir ye-insulin ku-catheter efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesisu. I-insulin pumps ihlongozwe ukuletha inani elithile le-insulin ngokuqhubekayo nangokudla.

Abanye abantu abanawo noma abawaboni izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypoglycemia (ukungaqapheli i-hypoglycemia). Uma une-hypoglycemia unawareness, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase akukhuthaze izinga eliphezulu le-glucose target.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuhlola ishukela lakho legazi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokuya ekuphumuleni futhi ube nesnack ene-carbohydrate ngaphambi kokuya ekuphumuleni uma ishukela lakho legazi liphansi kunenhloso yakho yokuphumula. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase futhi akukhuthaze i-continuous glucose monitor engase iqhube i-alarm uma ishukela lakho legazi liwe.

• Amaphilisi amane e-glucose (atholakalayo ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwemithi emakhemistini amaningi)
• Insizakalo ye-glucose gel (funda ilebula ngenani)
• Izicucu eziyi-5 kuya kwezi-6 ze-hard candy noma ama-jelly beans (hlola ilebula yokudla ngenkonzo eqondile)
• Ama-ounces amane (ama-milliliters angu-120) wesobho lwemisundu noma i-soda ejwayelekile—engezona ze-diet
• Ispoon eyodwa (ama-milliliters angu-15) eshukela, i-corn syrup noma uju

Tshela abantu obathembela kubo, njengamalunga omndeni, abangane nabantu osebenza nabo, nge-hypoglycemia. Uma abanye bekwazi izimpawu okufanele bazibheke, bangakwazi ukukwazisa ngezimpawu zokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi amalunga omndeni nabangane abaseduze bakwazi ukuthi uyibeka kuphi i-glucagon nokuthi bayinikeza kanjani ukuze isimo esingaba sibi kube lula ukusiphatha ngokuphepha.

Hlala uthwala ukwelashwa kweswekile eliphansi, njengezithasheli zeswekile, amakhandi eqinile noma ijeli. Uphinde uthwale i-glucagon uma ikunikiwe.

Kuhle ukugqoka ithusi noma ibhande futhi ube nekhadi le-wallet elikuqamba njengomuntu onesiifo sikashukela.