Ukuthini i-Diabetic Retinopathy? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Diabetic retinopathy yisimo sehliso esithinta abantu abane-diabetes lapho amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini elimaza imithambo emincane yegazi e-retina. I-retina yingqikithi ezwelayo ekukhanyeni ngemuva kweliso lakho elisiza ukuba ubona kahle. Uma le mithambo emincane yegazi ilimazeka, ingase iphuze amanzi noma igazi, okungase kulimaze ukubona kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lesi simo sikhula kancane kancane futhi ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuqala, kungakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu uma une-diabetes. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuphathwa kahle kwe-diabetes nokubona kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu zokubona.

Zithini izimpawu ze-diabetic retinopathy?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-diabetic retinopathy ngokuvamile ayinazo izimpawu, kungakho ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “isimo esithule.” Awungase ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho kuze kube yilapho isimo sesikhule kakhulu.

Njengoba i-diabetic retinopathy iqhubeka, ungase uqale ukubona ezinye izimpawu zokuqala okungafanele uzidedisele:

• Ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okuhlala kushintsha okuza futhi kuhambe
• Amabala amnyama noma ama-floaters ahlala ehamba eceleni kwesigaba sakho sokubona
• Ubunzima boku bona ebusuku noma ezimweni zokukhanya okuncane
• Imibala ebonakala ihlanzekile noma ingabonakali kahle njengakuvamile
• Izindawo zokubona ezibukeka zingekho noma zivaliwe
• Ukulahlekelwa kokubona okungazelelwe, okukhulu elinye noma womabili amehlo
• Ukubona izibani ezikhazimulayo noma ukubona okubili

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zilinganiselwe futhi zivele ngezikhathi ezithile kuya kwezinye ezihlala zikhona futhi ezikhathazayo. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingalindelekile ekuboneni kwakho, kubalulekile ukuthintana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo ze-diabetic retinopathy zingase ziqhubeke ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Zithini izinhlobo ze-diabetic retinopathy?

I-Diabetic retinopathy ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukeni kwesimo. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi kungenzeka yini okwenzekayo emehlweni akho.

I-Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) yiyona ingxenye yokuqala, ebuthakathaka yesimo. Kulesi sigaba, imithambo yegazi e-retina yakho iyancipha futhi ingase ibe neziqongo ezincane ezibizwa nge-microaneurysms. Le mithambo yegazi elimaziwe ingase iphuze amanzi noma igazi ezingqikithini ze-retina ezizungezile, kodwa ayikho imithambo emisha yegazi ekhula.

I-Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) yisigaba esithuthukile lapho i-retina yakho iqala khona ukukhulisa imithambo emisha yegazi ukuze ihlenge imithambo elimaziwe. Ngeshwa, le mithambo emisha yegazi ibuthakathaka futhi ayilungile, ngokuvamile ikhula ezindaweni ezingalungile futhi ingase ibe nezinkinga ezinkulu njengokuphuza igazi noma ukwakheka kwezicubu.

Kukhona nesimo esihlobene esibizwa nge-diabetic macular edema, esingase senzeke kunoma yisiphi isigaba lapho amanzi ephuza khona e-macula (ingxenye ephakathi ye-retina yakho ehambisana nokubona okuqondile, okuqondile). Lokhu kuqina kungase kulimaze kakhulu ikhono lakho lokufunda, ukuqhuba, noma ukubona imininingwane emincane.

Yini ebangela i-diabetic retinopathy?

I-Diabetic retinopathy ivela lapho amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ehlala isikhathi eside elimaza imithambo emincane yegazi enakekela i-retina yakho. Cabanga ngale mithambo njengemithambo yensimbi yensimbi ebuthakathaka futhi ephuza lapho ivezwe eshukelini eliningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izici eziningi zifaka isandla kule malimaza futhi zikhulise ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa lesi simo:

• Ukuphathwa okubi kashukela egazini izinyanga noma iminyaka eminingi
• Ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu okubekela ukucindezela okwengeziwe emithambe yegazi
• Amazinga aphezulu we-cholesterol angase ahlupheke ukwalimazeka kwemithambo yegazi
• Ubude besikhathi obune-diabetes (isikhathi eside sikhuphula ingozi)
• Ukukhulelwa, okungase kukhulise ukwalimazeka kwe-retina okukhona
• Ukubhema, okunciphisa ukusabalala kwe-oksijini e-retina
• Izici ze-genetic ezingase zenze abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu

Le nqubo ngokuvamile iyenzeka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kungakho ukugcina ukuphathwa okuhle kwe-diabetes kusukela ekuqaleni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho noma une-diabetes isikhathi eside, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwakho kashukela egazini kusengasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukwalimazeka kwe-retina.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-diabetic retinopathy?

Uma une-diabetes, kufanele ubone udokotela wamehlo ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile okugcwele okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngisho noma ukubona kwakho kubukeka kuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingalindelekile ekuboneni kwakho, kufaka phakathi ama-floaters amasha, izibani ezikhazimulayo, noma izindawo lapho ukubona kwakho kubukeka kuvaliwe noma kungekho.

Kufanele futhi uhlele i-aphoyintimenti uma uqaphela ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuya kuphazamiseka ngokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kungathuthuki uma ukhanya noma ukhulule amehlo akho. Uma ukhulelwe futhi une-diabetes, uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile njengoba ukukhulelwa kungase kukhulise i-diabetic retinopathy.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, njengokuhluleka kokubona okukhulu okungazelelwe, isithunzi esifana nethemba phezu kokubona kwakho, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu beliso, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha endaweni yokuhlinzwa yokuphuthuma noma e-urgent care center.

Zithini izici zengozi ze-diabetic retinopathy?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezithuthukile zokuvikela ukubona kwakho. Ezinye izici ongaziqondisa, kanti ezinye ziyisigaba somlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Izici zengozi ongazithinta zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphathwa kashukela egazini (iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayiqondisa)
• Amazinga okuqina kwegazi
• Amazinga we-cholesterol
• Imikhuba yokubhema
• Isimiso sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile
• Ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kwe-diabetes

Izici zengozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa isikhathi eside obune-diabetes, ubudala bakho, ukunqunywa kwe-genetic, nokuthi une-Type 1 noma i-Type 2 diabetes. Nakuba ungenakushintsha lezi zici, ukuzazi kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi kungani ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kubalulekile kangaka.

Ukukhulelwa kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile njengoba kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho ngokwesikhashana uma usuvele une-diabetes. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuyingozi, kodwa kusho ukuthi uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile ngalesi sikhathi ukuze ulandele noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Zithini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-diabetic retinopathy?

Nakuba i-diabetic retinopathy ingaphathwa kahle uma itholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuyishiya ingaphathwa kungase kube nezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zilimaze ukubona kwakho unomphela. Ukuqonda le miphumela eminingi kusiza ukugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukulandelela okuvamile kubalulekile kangaka.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-Vitreous hemorrhage, lapho igazi liphuza khona e-gel ecacile ngaphakathi kweliso lakho
• Ukuhlukana kwe-retina, lapho i-scar tissue ihudula khona i-retina ikude ngemuva kweliso lakho
• I-Neovascular glaucoma, uhlobo olukhulu lwe-glaucoma oluyimbangela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engalungile
• Ukulahlekelwa kokubona okukhulu noma ubuvila elinye elinamandla
• I-Macular edema engaphenduli ekwelapheni

Ezimeni ezingavamile, i-diabetic retinopathy ethuthukile kakhulu ingase ihole ekubulaleni okuphelele, nakuba le miphumela ingavamile namuhla ngenxa yokwelashwa okuthuthukile nezindlela zokubona kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngisho noma kunenkinga, ukwelashwa okuningi kukhona okungasiza ekugcineni ukubona kwakho okusele.

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga ezinkulu zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe ngokulawulwa okuhle kwe-diabetes nokunakekelwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu kunokulinda kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziqala ukuba zimbi.

I-Diabetic retinopathy ingavikeleka kanjani?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-diabetic retinopathy ukugcina ukuphathwa okuhle kwamazinga akho kashukela egazini ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo ukuze ugcine amazinga akho e-A1C ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwesigaba sakho esihlosiwe.

Izindlela eziningi zokuphila zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho:

• Hlola ushukela wakho egazini njalo futhi ugcine amarekhodi eningilizi
• Thatha wonke amaphilisi alayikiwe njalo futhi ngesikhathi
• Landela ukudla okuhambisana ne-diabetes okucebile ngezitshalo futhi okuncane ngoshukela oluthuthukisiwe
• Zivocavoca njalo ukuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwe-insulin nokusabalala kwegazi
• Gcina ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kulawulwa
• Lawula amazinga akho we-cholesterol ngokudla nangamaphilisi uma kudingeka
• Ungabhemi, noma uyeke uma ubhema njengamanje
• Hlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile minyaka yonke

Ukuvimbela kusho futhi ukuba nokuqapha ngempilo yakho yonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha amaphilisi akho e-diabetes njalo, ukuya kuwo wonke ama-aphoyintimenti akho ezempilo, nokuxhumana ngokukhululekile nabaphakeli bakho bezempilo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma izinguquko ozibona.

Khumbula ukuthi ngisho noma uthuthukisa izimpawu zokuqala ze-diabetic retinopathy, ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela kusengasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwayo futhi kusize ekugcineni ukubona kwakho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

I-Diabetic retinopathy ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-diabetic retinopathy kudinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile okuhamba ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kokubona okulula. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenzisa amasu athile ukuze athole ukubuka okuqondile kwemithambo yegazi nezingqikithi e-retina yakho.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlola zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile, lapho ama-eye drops akhulisa khona abafundi bakho ukuze ubone kangcono i-retina
• I-Fluorescein angiography, esebenzisa umbala okhethekile ukuze ibonise izinkinga zemithambo yegazi
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT), isikhombisi esingenabuhlungu esenza izithombe ze-retina eziqondile
• I-Fundus photography ukubhala nokulandelela izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho, ungase ube nokubona okuphazamisekile okwesikhashana nokuzwela ekukhanyeni kusuka kuma-dilating drops, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuya kuphela emahoreni ambalwa. Izindlela ngokwazo azinabuhlungu, nakuba ungase ubona izibani ezifushane ngesikhathi sezinye izivivinyo.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzobuye ahlole umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi isikhathi eside obune-diabetes nokuthi ushukela wakho egazini ulawulwe kangcono kanjani. Lolu lwazi luzosiza ekuqondeni ingozi yakho yonke futhi bakhe isimiso esifanele sokulandelela.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kwe-diabetic retinopathy?

Ukwelashwa kwe-diabetic retinopathy kuncike esigabeni nasobunzimeni besimo sakho. Ezigabeni zokuqala, “ukwelashwa” okubaluleke kakhulu empeleni ukuphathwa okuhle kwe-diabetes ukuvimbela ukwalimazeka okwengeziwe.

Ezimeni ezithuthukile, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuningi kukhona:

• I-Anti-VEGF injections esiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engalungile nokuphuza
• I-Laser photocoagulation ukuvala imithambo yegazi ephuzayo
• I-Steroid injections ukuthuthukisa ukuvuvukala nokuqina
• I-Vitrectomy surgery ezimeni ezinkulu ngokuphuza igazi noma ukuhlukana kwe-retina

I-Anti-VEGF injections ngokuvamile iyona ndlela yokuqala yokwelapha i-diabetic retinopathy ethuthukile. Le miyekezo ifakwa ngqo elisweni lakho usebenzisa unyembezi oluhle kakhulu, futhi nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungekuhle, abantu abaningi bayithola kahle le nqubo ngama-drops okuthambisa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-laser kungaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu ekuvaleni imithambo yegazi ephuzayo nokuvimbela ukukhula kwemithambo emisha engalungile. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa ehhovisi lodokotela wakho futhi ingase idinge izikhathi eziningi ukuze ibe nemiphumela emihle.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzokhethwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, futhi udokotela wakho uzoqonda izingozi nezinzuzo zayo yonke inketho nawe ngokuphelele.

Indlela yokuphatha i-diabetic retinopathy ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile nge-diabetic retinopathy, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yakho yamehlo futhi uthuthukise ukukhula kwesimo. Imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ukubona kwakho.

Izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphatha ekhaya zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola ushukela wakho egazini njalo futhi ugcine amarekhodi eningilizi
• Ukuthatha wonke amaphilisi alayikiwe njalo futhi ngesikhathi
• Ukulandela ukudla okuhambisana ne-diabetes okucebile ngezitshalo futhi okuncane ngoshukela oluthuthukisiwe
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo ukuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwegazi nokulawula ushukela egazini
• Ukulandelela ukuqina kwegazi kwakho ekhaya uma kunconywa
• Ukuvikela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhulu ngezigqoko zokukhanya ezinhle
• Ukuqeda ukubhema nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho futhi ugcine ilogi elula yalokho okuqaphelayo. Lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile eqenjini lakho lezempilo ekulungiseni uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ukudala indawo yokusekela ekhaya kubalulekile futhi. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya kokufunda, ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okuqondisa uma kudingeka, noma ukulungisa indawo yakho yokuhlala ukuze unciphise izingozi zokuwa uma ukubona kwakho kulimazekile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza ukwenza okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho wamehlo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi oludingayo. Ukuhlela okuncane kusengcono kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, buza ulwazi olubalulekile:

• Uhlu lwawo wonke amaphilisi owathatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo
• Ama-logs ashukela egazini amasha nemiphumela ye-A1C
• Noma yiziphi izinguquko zokubona noma izimpawu ozibonile
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho
• Ulwazi lwe-insurance namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwamehlo wangaphambili

Njengoba abafundi bakho cishe bazokhanyiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, hlela umuntu okukhipha ekhaya noma uhlele ukusebenzisa ukuthutha komphakathi. Imiphumela yokukhanya ingase ihlale amahora ambalwa, okwenza ukuqhuba kube yingozi.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Bangase futhi banikeze ukusekela ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuhlolwa noma ukuxilongwa okungenzeka.

Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili ukuze ungakhohlwa ukuyibuza ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Lena ithuba lakho lokuqonda isimo sakho nezindlela zokwelapha ngokuphelele.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-diabetic retinopathy?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-diabetic retinopathy ukuthi ngokuyinhloko ingavikeleka futhi ilawulwe uma uthatha indima ephambili ekunakekelweni kwakho kwe-diabetes. Ukubona kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, kanye nokulawulwa okuhle kashukela egazini, kungagcina ukubona kwakho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Khumbula ukuthi i-diabetic retinopathy ngokuvamile ivela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho uqaphela izinkinga zokubona ukuze ubheke udokotela wamehlo uma une-diabetes.

Nakuba ukuxilongwa kwe-diabetic retinopathy kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuningi kukhona namuhla okwakungekho izindlela ngisho neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha nokuzimisela kwakho ukuphatha i-diabetes yakho kahle, ungagcina ukubona okuhle futhi uqhubeke uqedele imisebenzi oyithandayo.

Ukuqapha impilo yakho yamehlo nokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo kubalulekile. Ukubona kwakho kufanele kulwe, futhi ukuthatha isinyathelo manje kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yakho yesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-diabetic retinopathy

Ingabuyekeza yini i-diabetic retinopathy?

Nakuba i-diabetic retinopathy ingabuyekeza ngokuphelele, ukukhula kwayo ngokuvamile kunganciphisa noma kuyeke ngokwelashwa okuhle nokulawulwa kwe-diabetes. Ukwalimazeka kwesigaba sokuqala kungase kuqine ngokulawulwa okuhle kashukela egazini, futhi ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kungasiza ekugcineni ukubona okusele. Into ebalulekile ukukubamba kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokugcina ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.

Kufanele ngibe kanjani ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma ngine-diabetes?

Abantu abaningi abane-diabetes kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuqondile okugcwele okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, uma usuvele une-diabetic retinopathy noma ezinye izici zengozi, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase ancome ukuvakasha okuvamile njalo ngenyanga ezingu-3-6. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-diabetes ngokuvamile badinga ukuhlolwa kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ngizoba yini yini i-blind nge-diabetic retinopathy?

Ubuvila kusuka e-diabetic retinopathy akuyona into ehambisana nayo futhi sekuye kwaba yinto engavamile ngokwelashwa kwamanje nokulawulwa okuhle kwe-diabetes. Abantu abaningi abamukela ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi bagcine ukuphathwa okuhle kashukela egazini bangagcina ukubona kwabo. Ngisho noma kukhona ukulahleka kokubona, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kungavimbela ukubola okwengeziwe.

Ingabe i-diabetic retinopathy ibuhlungu?

I-Diabetic retinopathy ngokwayo ngokuvamile ayibangeli ubuhlungu, kungakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kubalulekile kangaka ekutholeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene njengokwanda okungazelelwe kokucindezela kweliso kungase kubangele ukungakhululeki. Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu beliso kanye nezinye izinguquko zokubona, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha.

Ngingavimbela yini i-diabetic retinopathy uma ngisene-diabetes?

Yebo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-diabetic retinopathy noma uthuthukise ukukhula kwayo ngokugcina ukuphathwa okuhle kashukela egazini, ukulawula ukuqina kwegazi ne-cholesterol, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nokuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke. Ngisho nabantu abane-diabetes iminyaka eminingi bangazuza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa kwe-diabetes.