Ukuqabuka Kwemithi Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuqabuka kwemithi kwenzeka uma isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sikhipha imithi njengomkhuhlane oyingozi bese siyilwa. Lolu bhubhane lungaba ukucasuka okuncane kwesikhumba kuya ezimpawu ezingathi sína, ezisongela impilo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuqabuka kwemithi kuhlukile ezimpikiswaneni ezijwayelekile abantu abaningi abazibhekana nazo ngemithi. Ngenkathi izimpikiswano ziyizimpendulo ezilindelwe ezibhalwe kuma-lebheli wemithi, ukuqabuka kwangempela kuhilela isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba futhi kungabikezelwa. Ukuqonda umehluko kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nini udinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqabuka kwemithi?

Izimpawu zokuqabuka kwemithi zivame ukuvela ngemizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuthatha imithi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zingathuthukiswa izinsuku kamuva. Ukusebenza komzimba wakho kungathinta isikhumba sakho, ukuphefumula, ukugaya, noma ngisho nesistimu yakho yonke.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona zihlanganisa ukushintsha kwesikhumba nobunzima bokuqeda. Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko okumele uzilandele:

• Isikhumba esiphukile, ama-hives, noma ama-patches abomvu, ashisayo
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, olulimi, noma umlomo
• Ubunzima bokuqeda noma ukuvuma
• Ikhala noma umlomo oqine
• Amehlo amanzi, ashisayo
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, noma ukugula kwesisu
• Ukudideka noma ukuzwa ubuthakathaka

Abanye abantu baba nezimo ezingathi sína ezingasongela impilo. Lezi zimpawu ezinkulu zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo futhi zihlanganisa ubunzima obukhulu bokuqeda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isikhumba esiphukile, noma ukulahlekelwa yikhokhonthi.

Ngokungavamile, ukuqabuka kwemithi kungabangela ukusabela okubambezelelekile okuvela izinsuku noma amasonto ngemva kokuthatha imithi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukushisa, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, noma isikhumba esiphukile esibukeka sengathi siqandwe.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqabuka kwemithi?

Uketshezi kwezidakamizwa kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekutheni kuvela ngokushesha kangakanani nengxenye yesistimu yakho yokuzikhusela esabela. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ukusebenza okusheshayo kwenzeka ngemizuzu embalwa kuya kuyihora ngemuva kokuthatha imithi. Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu ngoba lungaba sibi ngokushesha. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ikhipha amakhemikhali afana nehistamine abangela ukukhula okusheshayo, izinkinga zokuphefumula, nokwehla okungenzeka kube yingozi emazingeni egazini.

Ukusebenza okulandelayo kuvela ngamahora kuya ezinsukwini futhi kuvame ukuphazamisa isikhumba sakho noma izitho. Lezi zindlela zibandakanya amakhemikhali ahlukene esistimu yokuzikhusela futhi ngokuvamile zibangela isihlungu, ubushushu, noma ukuvuvukala ezithweni ezithile njengaphethini lakho noma izinso.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ukusebenza “okungeyona uketshezi,” okubonakala sengathi uketshezi kepha empeleni akuhlanganisi sistimu yakho yokuzikhusela. Lezi zindlela zingase zibe nzima futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo njengoketshezi okuyiqiniso.

Yini ebangela uketshezi kwezidakamizwa?

Uketshezi kwezidakamizwa kuvela lapho isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ihlonza ngokungalungile imithi njengengozi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imithi noma imikhiqizo yayo yokwahlukanisa ingabopha kumaprotheni omzimba wakho, idale izinto ezintsha ezingekho isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela eziqondi.

Izici eziningi zingakwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa uketshezi kwezidakamizwa. I-genetics yakho idlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba abanye abantu bazuza izistimu zokuzikhusela ezivame ukusabela kwemithi ethile.

Imithi evamile kakhulu ebangela ukusebenza koketshezi ihlanganisa:

• Ama-antibiotic, ikakhulukazi i-penicillin nezinye izidakamizwa ezinhlobene
• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-aspirin ne-ibuprofen
• Imithi ye-chemotherapy
• Imithi yokuthambisa ukuhlwitha
• Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekuboneni kwezokwelapha
• I-insulin nezinye izinto eziqhakaziswayo

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ungaba ne-allergy kumuthi owake wawusebenzisa ngaphambili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela kufanele "iqeqeshwe" kumuthi kuqala, okuvamise ukuthi kwenzeke ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuningi. Kungakho izimpawu ze-allergy zivame ukubonakala okwesibili noma okwesithathu lapho uthatha umuthi, hhayi okokuqala.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantu bangaba ne-allergy ezithangamini ezingasebenzi emithi, njenge-dyes, izigcini, noma izigcwalisi. Lezi zimpawu zingaba nzima njengezimpawu zomuthi ophilayo.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-allergy yemithi?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengokuphefumula okunzima, ukukhula kobuso noma umlomo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma isikhumba esibonakalayo ngemva kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa isenzo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi yi-anaphylaxis.

Shaya u-911 noma uhambe e-emergency room eduze kwakho ngokushesha uma uzizwa ukhuluphulu, udidekile, noma njengokungathi uzogwaza ngemva kokusebenzisa umuthi. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo, njengoba izimpawu ze-allergy ezinkulu zingaba zimbi ngokushesha.

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ngezimpawu ezincane njengesiphuphu sendawo, ama-hives, noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okuvela ngemva kokuthatha umuthi omusha. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingase zingabi yingozi ngokushesha, zingabonisa ukuqala kwesimpawu esinzima.

Uma uke waba ne-allergy yemithi ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuthi uqaphela bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo ngayo. Gcina uhlu lwemithi ebikezele izimpawu, futhi cabanga ngokugqoka ibhulukwe yokuxwayisa yezokwelapha ebonisa i-allergy yakho ethile yemithi.

Yiziphi izinto ezingaholela e-allergy yemithi?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuba ne-allergy yemithi, yize noma ubani angaba ne-allergy yemithi. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaholela kulokhu kuzokusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.

Umlando wakho womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile engozini yokubeletha i-allergy yemithi. Uma abazali bakho noma abafowenu nodadewenu benama-allergy emithi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nawe uzowathuthukisa, nakuba ungase ube ne-allergy kwemithi ehlukile ngokuphelele kunamalungu omndeni wakho.

Ukuba nezinye izinhlobo zama-allergy kuphinde kukhulise ingozi yakho. Abantu abana-allergy yokudla, ama-allergy emvelo, noma i-asthma bavame ukuba nama-immune systems asebenza kakhulu angase aphendule nakwemithi.

Ezinye izinto ezingakhuphula ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala (abadala banamathuba amaningi kunabantwana okuba ne-allergy yemithi)
• Ubulili besifazane (abesifazane bahlangabezana nama-allergy emithi ngokukhulu kunamadoda)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulwa nezifo eziyimfucumfucu njalo noma ukukhishwa kwemithi eminingi
• Ukutheleleka okuthile okuwumkhuhlane okungenza i-immune system yakho isebenze kakhulu
• Ukuba nesimo se-autoimmune
• Ukuphawulwa kwangaphambili kwe-allergy yemithi

Izimo ezithile ezingavamile ze-genetic zingenza abantu babe nomuzwa omkhulu wemithi ethile. Lezi zimo azivamile kodwa zingabangela ukuphawulwa okukhulu ngisho nangamanani amancane emithi ebangela.

Ukuba nezinto ezikhuphula ingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile ama-allergy emithi. Abantu abaningi abanazo izinto eziningi ezikhuphula ingozi abazange bahlangabezane nama-allergy emithi, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto ezikhuphula ingozi ebonakalayo bangathuthukisa ama-allergy amakhulu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-allergy yemithi?

Inhlanganisela ebucayi kunazo zonke ye-allergy yemithi yi-anaphylaxis, ukuphawulwa okukhulu komzimba wonke okungaba yingozi ekuphileni phakathi kwamaminithi ambalwa. Phakathi ne-anaphylaxis, uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luya phansi kakhulu, izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zingavala, futhi izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba zingase zilimele ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Anaphylaxis kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha nge-epinephrine kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphaphandakazayo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo, le nkinga ingabangela ukungazi lutho, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, nokufa. Iqiniso eliheshayo ukuthi i-anaphylaxis ingenzeka ngisho noma uke waba nokuphendula okuncane kuphela emithini ngaphambili.

Ezinye izinkinga ezinzima zingathuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingafaka:

• Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesikhumba okubangela izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba ziqhuma futhi ziqhekeke
• Ukonakala kwesibindi noma ukuhluleka
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma ukonakala
• Izifo zamaseli egazi eziqeda ikhono lakho lokulwa nokutheleleka
• Izinkinga zokubetha kwenhliziyo noma ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu okwenza kuphefumulelwe kunzima

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa isimo esibizwa nge-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ukuphazamiseka okungavamile kodwa okukhulu kwesikhumba okungumboza izindawo ezinkulu zomzimba wakho ngamaqhubu ebuhlungu. Lesi simo sidinga ukungena esibhedlela ngokushesha futhi singashiya amabala ahlala njalo.

Uketshezi lwemiyekezo kungaphinda kuqakathekise ukunakekelwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwesikhathi esizayo. Uma unoketshezi lwemiyekezo yemithi yokuqala, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezingasebenzi kahle noma ezibiza kakhulu. Lokhu kungenza ukwelapha ukutheleleka, ubuhlungu, noma izimo ezingapheli kube nzima kakhulu.

Ukuvimbela uketshezi lwemiyekezo kungaba kanjani?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela uketshezi lwemiyekezo yemithi ukuqeda imithi ebikele izinkinga kuwe esikhathini esidlule. Gcina irekhodi lemininingwane yanoma yikuphi uketshezi lwemiyekezo oyike waba nalo, kufaka phakathi igama lemithi, umthamo, kanye nezimpawu ozithuthukisile.

Ngalokhu qiniseka ukuthi uqaphela bonke abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo mayelana noketshezi lwemiyekezo yakho ngaphambi kokuba banikeze imithi emisha. Lokhu kufaka odokotela, abazobisi, abakhemikhali, ngisho nabantu abasebenza ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ungacabangi ukuthi ulwazi lwakho loketshezi lwemiyekezo luqukethwe kuwo wonke amarekhodi ezempilo noma izinhlelo zekhompyutha.

Cabanga ngokugqoka ibhulukwe noma ithusi lezokwelapha elihlanganisa ukungazizwa kahle kwemithi yakho, ikakhulu uma uke waba nokulimala okukhulu. Lolu lwazi lungasindisa impilo uma ungenamqondo noma ungakwazi ukukhulumisana ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Uma uqala noma iyiphi imithi emisha, thatha umthamo wokuqala lapho ungathola khona usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kudingeka. Gwema ukuthatha imithi emisha ebusuku noma lapho uqhele kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha. Hlala ulungile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile emahora ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuthatha umuthi omusha.

Uma unezinkinga eziningi zokungazizwa kahle kwemithi noma umlando wokulimalala okukhulu, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthwala i-epinephrine auto-injector. Funda ukuyisebenzisa kahle futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amalungu omndeni wakho ayazi ukuthi uyigcina kuphi nokuthi angakusiza kanjani ukuyisebenzisa.

Kubantu abanezimpawu zezofu ezingevamile ezibangela ukungazizwa kahle kwemithi okukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kungasiza ekutholeni imithi enenkinga ngaphambi kokuba uyithathe. Lolu hlolo oluqeqeshwe olukhulu aludingi abantu abaningi kodwa lungasindisa impilo kulabo abane-genetic variants ezithile.

Ukuhlolwa kokungazizwa kahle kwemithi kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kokungazizwa kahle kwemithi kuqala ngengxoxo eningiliziwe phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho mayelana nezimpawu zakho nomlando wemithi. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ngokuqondile ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini, imithi oyithathile, nokuthi ukungazizwa kahle kwakho kwakukhulu kangakanani.

Isikhathi sibalulekile ekuxilongeni ngoba ukungazizwa kahle kwangempela kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esilinganiselwe ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Udokotela wakho uzobuza futhi ngeminye imithi, izithasiselo, noma ukudla okudliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimbangela.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuze aqinisekise ukungazizwa kahle kwemithi. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungasiza ngemithi ethile efana ne-penicillin, lapho inani elincane lomuthi libekwa phezu noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho ukuze kubonwe ukuthi uyasabela yini.

Izivivinyo zegazi ngezinye izikhathi zingabonisa ama-antibodies esistimu yakho yokuphepha imizimba eyenziwe ngokumelene nemithi ethile. Noma kunjalo, lezi zivivinyo azitholakali kuwo wonke amaphilisi futhi azinambitheki njalo, ngakho-ke zisetshenziswa kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha kunokuba kube yithuluzi lokuxilonga kuphela.

Kweminye imithi, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwemithi okuqondiswe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi encane, eyandiseka kancane kancane yemithi ecingelwayo endaweni yezokwelapha lapho ukwelashwa kwemiphumela emibi kungaqaliswa khona ngokushesha. Lolu hlolo luyenziwa kuphela lapho izinzuzo zicacile kunokulimaza.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela kudingeka bakhiphe izimo ezingafana nokuqabuka kwemithi, njengezifo ezibangelwa yi-viral noma ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemithi eminingi. Le nqubo ikusiza uthole ukuxilongwa okulungile nezincomo zokwelashwa ezifanele.

Iyini impilo yokuqabuka kwemithi?

Ukwelashwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kokuqabuka kwemithi ukuyeka ngokushesha imithi ebangelwe ukwelashwa kwakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uxoxe ngezindlela ezihlukile zokwelapha isimo sakho.

Ekwelashweni okuqabukile okuqabukile, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ama-antihistamines afana ne-diphenhydramine noma i-loratadine ukunciphisa ukukhahlela, ama-hives, nokuvuvukala. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimba imiphumela ye-histamine, enye yezinto eziyinhloko esistimu yakho yokuphepha imizimba eyiphuma ngesikhathi sokuqabuka.

Ukuqabuka okukhulu kungadinga ukwelashwa nge-corticosteroids efana ne-prednisone ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho. Le mithi ikusiza ukuthula isistimu yakho yokuphepha imizimba esebenza kakhulu futhi ingavimbela ukuqabuka kokuba sibi noma ukuphinda kwenzeke.

Uma uhlangabezana ne-anaphylaxis, uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha nge-epinephrine, okuphendula imiphumela eyingozi yokuqabuka okukhulu. Le mithi isebenza ngokuphakamisa igazi lakho, ukuvula izindlela zakho zokuphefumula, nokulwa nomphumela omkhulu wesimiso sokuphepha imizimba.

Izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga ezingathi sína zihlanganisa:

• Amanzi angena ezinhlungwini ukuze asekele ukucindezeleka kwegazi
• Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini ukuze kusize ekuphemeni
• Imithi eyengeziwe ukuze isekisele ukusebenza kwenhliziyo
• Ukubhekwa okuqaphayo esibhedlela
• Ukukhathalelwa okukhethekile kwesikhumba ngezinkinga ezinkulu zesikhumba

Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho udinga ngempela imithi oyenawo i-alergi, odokotela bangase basebenzise inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukululama. Lokhu kuhilela ukukunika izilinganiso ezincane, ezikhulayo kancane kancane yemithi ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuqaphayo kwezokwelapha kwaze kwaba yilapho umzimba wakho utholakala ukukhuthaza imithi.

Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kugxile ekugwemeni imithi enenkinga nokufuna ezinye izindlela ezingekho engozini. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze uthole imithi eyi-substitute esebenzayo engavivisi isimiso sakho sokuvikela.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-alergi yemithi ekhaya?

Uma udokotela wakho eselaphile ukusabela okusheshayo kwe-alergi, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usekele ukuphulukiswa kwakho futhi uvikele izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukugwema imithi ebangelwe ukusabela kwakho.

Ngezimpawu ezilula ezilandelayo njengokukhahlela noma ukukhula okuncane, ukucindezela okubandayo kungasiza. Faka isembatho esicocekile, esimanzi endaweni eathintekayo imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kukwenze ukhululeke.

Gcina isikhumba sakho sinomswakama uma uhlushwe amaqabunga noma isikhumba esomile ngenxa yokusabela kwe-alergi. Sebenzisa izinto ezithambile, ezingenamphunga futhi ugweme izifebe ezinzima noma imikhiqizo engase icasule isikhumba sakho.

Hlala unomswakama ngokunisela amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi uma uhlushwe ukugabha noma isifo sohlangothi njengengxenye yokusabela kwakho. Ukugcwala kahle komzimba kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uphulukiswe futhi kunganciphisa ezinye izimpawu ezisele.

Dala uhlu oluphelele lwezinto ozithola ukuthi une-allergy kuzo, ubekele izikopisi ezindaweni eziningi. Beka ikhophi kwenye ephepheni lakho, unike abantu bakubo amakhophi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-pharmacy yakho inolwazi lwamuva.

Uma udokotela wakho ekuphe i-epinephrine auto-injector, funda ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele bese uhlola usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi njalo. Yigcine nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abangani bakho abathembakele nabantu bakubo bayazi ukuthi ikuphi nokuthi bangakusiza kanjani ukuyisebenzisa.

Qaphela izimpendulo ezilandelayo ezingase zivele ezinsukwini noma emaviki ngemva kokuthi impendulo yakho yokuqala ye-allergy. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, noma ukukhathala okungavamile okungase kubonise umsebenzi ohlobene ne-immune system.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Ngaphambi kokubona udokotela wakho, bhala isikhathi esiningi sokuphendula kwakho kwe-allergy, kufaka phakathi isikhathi lapho uthathe imithi, isikhathi lapho izimpawu zaqala, nokuthi zithuthuke kanjani. Ulwazi lolu lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde iphethini nobunzima bokuphendula kwakho.

Letha yonke imithi obuyithatha lapho impendulo yenzeka, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, izongezelelo, nemikhiqizo yemifino. Ngisho nemithi ebonakala ingahlobene ingase ibe yiyona ebalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakho ayicabangele.

Dala uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke, ngisho nalapho ezingase zibonakale zincane noma zingahlobene. Faka isikhathi lapho isimo ngasinye saqala, ukuthi sasingakanani, nokuthi yini eyasenza sibe ngcono noma sibi. Izithombe ze-rashes noma ukukhuluphala zingasiza kakhulu uma izimpawu ezibonakalayo seziphelile.

Lungisa ulwazi mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imiphendulo yemithi yangaphambili, ezinye i-allergies, nezimo zempilo zamanje. Umlando wakho womndeni we-allergies nawo ubalulekile, ngakho-ke butha lolwazi uma kungenzeka.

Bhala imibuzo ethile ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengalezi:

• Yini eyabangela uketshezi lwami lokungazizwa kahle?
• Ngingalivimba kanjani uketshezi oluzayo?
• Imithi elinganiselwe engiyisebenzisa ngokuphephile yini?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuthwala i-epinephrine auto-injector?
• Kumele ngibone ochwepheshe bezifo zoketshezi?
• Ingabe kukhona imithi ehlobene engingayigwema?

Uma kungenzeka, letha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ekuqokweni kwakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi ubuze imibuzo ongazihlanganisa. Ukuba nokusekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu uma usazizwa ungaphili kahle ngenxa yoketshezi lwakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana noketshezi lomuthi?

Uketshezi lomuthi kuyizimo zezokwelapha ezinzima ezidinga ukunakekelwa okucophelelayo nokuphathwa kokuphila kwakho konke. Nakuba kungaba okwesabisayo, ukuqonda uketshezi lwakho oluthile nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo evamile, enempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukugwema imithi yakho yokucindezela kubalulekile ekuvimbeni uketshezi oluzayo. Hlala uxhumana ngokucacile ngoketshezi lomuthi wakho kunoma yimuphi umhlinzeki wezempilo, futhi ungangabazi ukukhuluma uma othile ekuphakamisela umuthi ongakaqiniseki ngawo.

Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okuphephile, okuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izimo zakho zezempilo. Imithi yanamuhla inikeza imithi eminingi ehlukile yezinkinga zezempilo, ngakho-ke ukuba noketshezi lomuthi akubona ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa okudingayo.

Hlala unolwazi ngesimo sakho, gcina ulwazi lwakho loketshezi luhlaziyiwe futhi lufinyeleleka, futhi ungavumeli ukwesaba uketshezi lokungazizwa kahle kukuvimbe ekuphishekeleni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo. Ngokuqapha okuhle nokuxhumana, ungaphatha impilo yakho ngokuphephile ngenkathi ugwema imithi enenkinga.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana noketshezi lomuthi

Ingabe uketshezi lomuthi kungakhula ngokuzumayo ngisho noma ngithathe umuthi ngokuphephile ngaphambili?

Yebo, ungathuthukisa uketshezi ekwelapheni okuke wakuthatha ngaphambili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela idinga ukuba “iqeqeshwe” ngokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukwakha impendulo yoketshezi. Kungakho izimpawu zoketshezi zivame ukubonakala okwesibili, okwesithathu, noma ngisho nangaleso sikhathi esilandelayo lapho uthatha imithi, kunokuba okokuqala. Isikhathi singaqikelelwa, kungakho kubalulekile ukuhlala ulungile ngezimpawu ezingavamile noma nini lapho uthatha imithi.

Ngingayibona kanjani umehluko phakathi koketshezi kwemithi nemiphumela emibi evamile?

Uketshezi kwemithi kuvame ukubandakanya uhlelo lwakho lokukhusela futhi kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokuqhuma, ama-hives, ukukhula, noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya okungabhalwanga njengomphumela omibi ovamile waleyo mithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphumela emibi iyizimpendulo ezilindelekile ezihlasela abantu abaningi abatha imithi futhi ngokuvamile zibhalwe elebuli yemithi. Izimpawu zoketshezi nazo zivame ukwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha imithi futhi zivame ukuba zimbi uma iqhubeka, kuyilapho imiphumela emibi ingase ikhona kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ingase ilunge njengoba umzimba wakho uqhelelana nemithi.

Uma nginoketshezi kwelantibayothi elilodwa, ingabe nginoketshezi kuwo wonke ama-antibayothi?

Akumele kube njalo, nakuba amanye ama-antibayothi ahlobene ngokomthombo futhi angase abangele ukusabela okuhlangene. Isibonelo, uma unoketshezi lepenicillin, ungase uphinde usabela kwamanye ama-antibayothi e-beta-lactam afana ne-amoxicillin noma i-cephalexin. Noma kunjalo, ungase ukwazi ukuthatha ama-antibayothi avela emindenini ehlukene ngokuphelele, njenge-macrolides noma i-fluoroquinolones, ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ama-antibayothi aphephile kuwe ngokususelwa eketshezini lakho elithile nendlela yekhemikhali yemithi ehlukene.

Ingabe uketshezi kwemithi kuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Uketshezi kwezidakamizwa kungaba nzima kakhulu uma kuqhubeka ukuvezwa kwemithi ebangela uketshezi. Njalo lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sihlangana nale mithi, singase sibe nomphumela omkhulu kunangaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noma ube nokulimala okuncane ngaphambili, ukulimala kwesikhathi esizayo kungaba sibi kakhulu. Lolu kungacaci ukuthi kungani odokotela becela ukugwema ngokuphelele imithi ebangelwe uketshezi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uketshezi lokuqala lwaluncane kangakanani.

Ingabe abantwana bangakwazi ukukhula bephephile eketshezeni lemithi?

Abanye abantwana bangase bakhule bephephile eketshezeni lemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi uketshezi lwe-penicillin, nakuba lokhu kungaqinisekisiwe futhi akufanele kuqagelwe ngaphandle kokuhlolwa komtholampilo ofanele. Njengoba isimo sokuvikela umzimba siqina futhi sishintsha, ezinye izinkinga zoketshezi zingase zinciphale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukungalokothi uvivinye lokhu ngokunika ingane imithi ebeyibangele uketshezi ngaphambili. Uma kukhona umbuzo wokuthi ingane ikhulile yini eketshezeni lemithi, udokotela we-allergist angenza ukuhlolwa okufanele ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi imithi iphephile manje ukuyisebenzisa.