Ukubola Komkhondo Womlomo Owomile

Njengoba ukuwohloka kwe-macula kuqhubeka, umbono ocacile, ojwayelekile (kwesobunxele) uba mnyama. Ngokuwohloka okuphambili kwe-macula, ibala eliyimpumputhe livame ukwakheka ebukhoneni bombono (kwesokudla).

Ukuwohloka okomile kwe-macula kuyisimo sokulimala kwamehlo esibangela ukubona okungacace kangako noma ukunciphisa ukubona okusempumalanga. Kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengxenye yenetha ebizwa ngokuthi yi-macula (MAK-u-luh). I-macula inomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona okusempumalanga. Lesi simo sijwayelekile kubantu abadlula u-50.

Ukuwohloka okomile kwe-macula kungaqala kwenye iliso bese kuthuthukela kwenye iliso. Kungathuthuka futhi kuwo womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubona kungaba sibi futhi kuthonye ikhono lokwenza izinto, njengokufunda, ukuqhuba nokubona ubuso. Kodwa-ke ukuba nokuwohloka okomile kwe-macula akusho ukuthi uzoyilahlekela yonke imbono yakho. Ukulahlekelwa ukubona kuvame ukuba empumalanga, futhi abantu bagcina umbono wabo ocelweni. Abanye abantu bane-vision loss encane kuphela ebukhoneni. Kwabanye, kungaba sibi kakhulu.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nezinqubo zokunakekela kwangokwabo kungase lilibambezele ukulahleka kokubona okubangelwa ukuwohloka okomile kwe-macula.

Amasimptomu e-dry macular degeneration avame ukuqala kancane kancane futhi ngaphandle kokuphefumula. Angafaka: Ukuphambuka kokubona, njengokuba imigqa eqondile ibonakala igobile. Ukunciphisa ukubona okuphakathi kweliso linye noma womabili amehlo. Isidingo sokukhanya okukhanyayo uma ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi oseduze. Ukukhuluphala kokuzijwayeza emazingeni okukhanya okuphansi, njengokungena endlini yokudlela noma i-theatre enokukhanya okuncane. Ukukhuluphala kokuphambuka kwamagama acashunwe. Ubunzima bokuqaphela ubuso. Indawo ephambukayo noma indawo efile ebonakalayo endaweni yokubona. I-dry macular degeneration ingathinta iliso linye noma womabili amehlo. Uma kukhona iliso linye kuphela elithintekayo, ungase ungaphawuli noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni kwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iliso lakho elihle lingase lihlanganise iliso elithintekayo. Futhi isimo asithinti ukubona eceleni, ngakho-ke alibangeli ubuthakathaka obuphelele. I-dry macular degeneration ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-age-related macular degeneration. Ingathuthuka ibe yi-wet macular degeneration, lapho imithambo yegazi ikhula futhi ikhipha phansi kwe-retina. Uhlobo oluomile luvamile, kodwa luvamise ukuqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Uhlobo olukhulu lunamandla okubangela ushintsho olukhulu ekuqaleni kokubona oluholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokubona. Bheka ochwepheshe bakho wokunakekela amehlo uma: Uqaphela izinguquko, njengokuphambuka noma amabala afile, ekuqaleni kwakho. Ulahlekelwa ikhono lokubona imininingwane enhle. Lezi zinguquko zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-macular degeneration, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60.

Bona udokotela wakho weziso uma:

• Uqaphela izinguquko, njengokuphambuka noma amabala abukhulu, embonweni wakho ophakathi.
• Ulahlekelwa ikhono lokubona imininingwane emincane.

Lezi zinguquko zingaba uphawu lokuqala lokubola kwe-macula, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60.

Imacula itholakala emuva kwamehlo, ebukhoneni be-retina. Imacula enempilo ivumela ukubona okuqondile okucacile. Imacula yenziwe ngamangqamuzana amaningi azinzile alukhuni oluqaphela ukukhanya okuthiwa ama-cones nama-rods. Ama-cones anika amehlo umbala wokubona, kanti ama-rods avumela amehlo ukubona imibalabala emnyama. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela ukubola komzimba okomile kwe-macula. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kungaba ukuxubana kwamfuza nezinye izinto, kufaka phakathi ukubhema, ukukhuluphala nokudla. Isimo sikhula njengoba amehlo ekhulile. Ukubola komzimba okomile kwe-macula kuchaphazela imacula. Imacula yindawo ye-retina ehambisana nokubona okuqondile endaweni eqondile yombono. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlanzi e-macula ingaba ncane futhi ilahlekelwe amangqamuzana ahambisana nokubona.

Izici ezingase zikhulise ingozi yokubola komchamo zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu abadlula u-50.
• Umlando womndeni nezakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sifo sinengxenye elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, okusho ukuthi lidlulela emindenini. Abacwaningi baye bathola ama-jini amaningana axhunyaniswe nalesi simo.
• Uhlanga. Ukubola komchamo kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abamhlope.
• Ukubhema. Ukubhema isigarethi noma ukubhekisiswa ukutshaya utshaba njalo kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yokubola komchamo.
• Ukukhuluphala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhuluphala kungase kukhulise amathuba okuthi ukubola komchamo okuqala noma okuphakathi kuqhubekele esimweni esibi kakhulu sesifo.
• Isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Uma une-sifo senhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi, okuthiwa isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokubola komchamo.

Abantu abane-macular degeneration eyomile eyaqhubeka yaba ukulahlekelwa ukubona okuphakathi banengozi enkulu yokucindezeleka nokukhahlela komphakathi. Ngokulahleka okukhulu kokubona, abantu bangase babone imibono ebonakalayo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuthi i-Charles Bonnet syndrome. I-macular degeneration eyomile ingaqhubeka ibe yi-macular degeneration emanzi, engabangela ukulahleka kokubona okuphelele ngokushesha uma ingaphathwa.

Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo njalo ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuqala zokubola komqondo. Lezi zinyathelo zilandelayo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukubola komqondo omomile:

• Ungabhemi. Abantu ababhema banesihlehlo esikhulu sokuthuthukisa ukubola komqondo kunabantu abangabhemi. Cela usizo ochwepheshe wezempilo ukuyeka ukubhema.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo futhi uzivoge njalo. Uma udinga ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nciphise inani lama-calories owadilayo futhi wandise inani lokuzivoge okutholakala nsuku zonke.
• Khetha ukudla okunamafutha amaningi nemifino. Lezi zokudla zinezinto eziphikisayo ze-vitamin ezinciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ukubola komqondo.
• Faka ihlathi ekudleni kwakho. Amafutha e-Omega-3, atholakala ezinhlanzini, anganciphisa ingozi yokubola komqondo. Ama-nuts afana nama-walnuts nawo anamafutha e-omega-3.

Ama-Drusen Khulisa isithombe Valela Ama-Drusen Ama-Drusen Ukubonakala kwezinkimbinkimbi ezimhlophe, okuthiwa ama-drusen, ezithombeni zemibala yeretina kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka okwomile kokubona okusezingeni lokuqala (kwesobunxele). Njengoba isimo siqhubeka siye ezingeni eliphezulu (kwesokudla), iso lingalahlekelwa yizicubu ezinembile zokubona ezikhamba i-macula. Lokhu kuwaziwa ngokuthi yi-atrophy. I-Amsler grid Khulisa isithombe Valela I-Amsler grid I-Amsler grid Uma ubheka i-Amsler grid esigabeni esiphezulu sokuphazamiseka kwe-macula, ungabona imigqa ye-grid ephazamisekile noma indawo engenalutho eduze nephesheya kwe-grid (kwesokudla). Uchwepheshe wokunakekela amehlo angaqonda ukuphazamiseka okwomile kwe-macula ngokubuyekeza umlando wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni futhi enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo. Kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi: Ukuhlolwa emuva kweso. Udokotela wamehlo ubeka amaconsi emehlweni ukuze awandule futhi asebenzise ithuluzi elikhethekile ukuhlola emuva kweso. Udokotela wamehlo ufuna ukubonakala okungafani okuthathwe yizinkimbinkimbi ezimhlophe ezakha phansi kwerethina, okuthiwa ama-drusen. Abantu abane-macular degeneration bavame ukuba nama-drusen amaningi. Uvivinyo lokuthuthuka ebuchosheni besigaba sokubona. I-Amsler grid ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthuthuka ebuchosheni besigaba sokubona. Uma une-macular degeneration, eminye imigqa eqondile kwi-grid ingase ibonakale iphumile, iphukile noma iphazamisekile. I-Fluorescein angiography. Ngalesi sivivinyo, udokotela wamehlo ugcwalisa umbala esithanjeni sekhanda. Umbala uhamba uya futhi uqokomisa imithambo yegazi emehlweni. Ikhamera ekhethekile ithwebula izithombe njengoba umbala uhamba ngemithambo yegazi. Izithombe zingabonisa ukuguquka kwerethina noma kwemithambo yegazi. I-Indocyanine green angiography. Njenge-fluorescein angiography, lesi sivivinyo sisebenzisa umbala ohlanganisiwe. Singasetshenziswa kanye ne-fluorescein angiogram ukuqonda izinhlobo ezithile ze-macular degeneration. I-Optical coherence tomography. Lesi sivivinyo sokubonisa esingenakho ukuhlukunyezwa sibonisa izingxenye eziqondile zeretina. Siqonda izindawo zokuqina, ukuqina noma ukukhula. Lezi zingabangelwa ukwakheka kwamanzi okuvela emithambe yegazi ephuma ekuqothulweni nasephansi kwerethina. Ukunakekelwa eMayo Clinic Iqembu lethu lokunakekela labaqeqeshwe beMayo Clinic lingakusiza ngezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka okwomile kwe-macula Qala Lapha

Okwamanje, awekho indlela yokubuyisela umonakalo obangelwa yi-macular degeneration eyomile. Kodwa-ke, kunamaviki amaningi okwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Uma isimo sibonakala kusenesikhathi, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalo, njengokuthatha izithasiselo zevithamini, ukudla okunempilo nokungaqhubi. Izithasiselo zevithamini Kubantu abanesifo esiphakathi noma esiphambili, ukuthatha uhlobo olukhulu lwevithamini eziyizithasiselo kanye naminerali kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulahlekelwa umbono. Ucwaningo oluvela kwi-Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) lubonise izinzuzo ekuhlanganiseni okulandelayo: Amagremu angu-500 (mg) wevithamini C. Iyunithi ezingama-400 zamazwe ngamazwe (IU) zevithamini E. Ama-10 mg elutein. Ama-2 mg ezeaxanthin. Ama-80 mg ezinki njenge-zinc oxide. Ama-2 mg ekhopho njenge-cupric oxide. Ubufakazi abubonisi izinzuzo ekuthatheni lezi zithasiselo kubantu abanesifo se-macular degeneration eyomile ekuqaleni. Buza udokotela wakho wamehlo uma ukuthatha izithasiselo kulungele wena. Ukwelashwa kokubona okuncane I-macular degeneration ehlobene nobudala ayithinti umbono wakho oceleni futhi ngokuvamile ayibangeli ubuthakathaka obuphelele. Kodwa inganciphisa noma isuse umbono ophakathi. Udinga umbono ophakathi ukuze ufunde, uqhube futhi uqonde ubuso babantu. Kungakusiza ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwesazi sokwelapha ukubona okuncane, umhlengikazi wokuqeqeshwa, udokotela wakho wamehlo nabanye abaqeqeshwe ekwelapheni ukubona okuncane. Bangakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nombono wakho otshintshayo. Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-lens ye-telescopic Kubantu abanye abane-macular degeneration eyomile ephambili kokubili amehlo, ukhetho lokuthuthukisa umbono kungaba ukuhlinzwa kokufaka i-lens ye-telescopic elinye iso. I-lens ye-telescopic, ebukeka njengompompo omncane yepulasitiki, ine-lenses ezandisa insimu yakho yombono. Ukufakwa kwe-lens ye-telescopic kungathuthukisa kokubili umbono omude nokuqonda, kodwa une-field yombono ecinyiwe kakhulu. Kungaba usizo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni njengokusiza ukubona izibonakaliso zasemgwaqweni. Olunye Ulwazi Ukukhathalelwa kwe-macular degeneration eyomile eMayo Clinic Iso le-bionic linikeza ithemba lokuvuselela umbono Cela i-aphoyintimenti

Lezi zeluleko zingakusiza ukuba ubhekane nokubona kwakho okuguqukayo: Hlola iresiphi yamagalasi akho. Uma uqopha amaconsi noma amagalasi, qiniseka ukuthi iresiphi yakho iphelele. Uma amagalasi amasha engakusizi, cela isiqondiso kumchwepheshe wokubona okuphansi. Sebenzisa ama-magnifier. Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwezinto zokukhulisa zingakusiza ngokufunda neminye imisebenzi eseduze, njengokuthunga. Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa ama-lenses okukhulisa esandleni noma ama-lenses okukhulisa owaqopha njengegalasi. Ungase futhi usebenzise uhlelo lwe-thelevishini oluvaliwe olusebenzisa ikhamera yevidiyo ukukhulisa izinto zokufunda bese uzithumela esikrinini sevidiyo. Shintsha ukubonisa kwekhompyutha yakho bese ungeza izinhlelo ze-audio. Lungisa usayizi wefonti kuzilungiselelo zekhompyutha yakho. Futhi lungisa i-monitor yakho ukuze ibonise ukuphikisana okukhulu. Ungase futhi ungeze izinhlelo zokukhuluma noma ezinye izinhlelo zekhompyutha yakho. Sebenzisa izindlela zokufunda ze-elekthronikhi nezinhlangano zezwi. Zama izincwadi ezinkulu, ama-tablet computers nama-audiobooks. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-tablet ne-smartphone zenzelwe ukusiza abantu ababona kancane. Futhi eziningi zalezi zinto manje zizofika nezici zokubona izwi. Khetha izinto ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukubona okuphansi. Amanye iwashi, ama-radio, amafoni nezinye izinto zinezinombolo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ungase uthole kube lula ukubuka i-thelevishini enesikrini esikhulu se-high-definition, noma ungase ufune ukuhlala eduze nesikrini. Sebenzisa izibani ezicwebezelayo ekhaya lakho. Ukukhanya okuhle kusiza ekufundeni neminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke, futhi kunganciphisa ingozi yokuwa. Cabanga ngezinketho zakho zokuthutha. Uma uqhuba, hlola nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi kuphephile yini ukuqhubeka ukwenza kanjalo. Qaphela kakhulu ezimweni ezithile, njengokuqhuba ebusuku, ekuthuthukeni okukhulu noma ezimweni ezimbi. Sebenzisa ukuthutha komphakathi noma cela amalungu omndeni ukuba akusize, ikakhulukazi ekuqhubeni ebusuku. Noma sebenzisa izinsizakalo ze-van noma i-shuttle yendawo, amanethiwekhi okuqhuba abazithandeli, noma ukuhlanganyela uhambo. Thola ukwesekwa. Ukuba nokuwohloka kwe-macular kungaba nzima, futhi kungase kudingeke wenze izinguquko ekuphileni kwakho. Ungase udlule ezingozini eziningi njengoba ulungisa. Cabanga ukukhuluma nomeluleki noma ujoyine iqembu lokusekela. Chithe isikhathi namalungu omndeni abasekelayo nabangane.