Ukuhlupheka Kwe-Dysarthria? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Dysarthria yisifo sokukhuluma esenza kube nzima ukukhuluma ngokucacile ngenxa yokubuthakathaka noma ukungabi nalungelelwano kwemisipha esetshenziswa ekukhulumeni. Ubuchopho bakho buyazi ukuthi ufunani ukukusho, kodwa imisipha emlonyeni wakho, olulimi, izindebe, noma entanyeni ayisebenzisani ngendlela okufanele ibenze ngayo.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuba nepiano elilungisiwe kahle elinezinkinobho ezingacindezeli phansi kahle. Umculo ulapho, kodwa uvela ngendlela ehlukile kunalokho okuhlosiwe. Lesi simo sihlupha izigidi zabantu futhi singaba ukukhuluma okuqhelelana kancane kuya ekukhulumeni okunzima kakhulu ukuqonda.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-dysarthria?

Isici esiyinhloko se-dysarthria ukukhuluma okukhuluma okuhlukile kwalokho ojwayele ukulizwa kuwe noma kumuntu omthandayo. Ungase uqaphele ukushintsha kokuthi amazwi aphuma kanjani, noma ngabe ukucabanga nokuqonda kuhlala kujwayelekile.

Nawa zimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukukhuluma okuqhelelana noma okuthukuthelelwe okungacaci
• Ukukhuluma kancane kakhulu noma ngokushesha kakhulu
• Ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kolwimi, izindebe, noma umgubhu
• Ilizwi elihlwithiwe, elihefumula, noma eliphuma emakhaleni
• Ubunzima bokulawula umthamo welizwi lakho
• Ukukhuluma okungenawo ukuphakama nokuhla kwezwi okujwayelekile
• Ukuphuza noma ubunzima bokuginya

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokungajwayelekile kokulingana kokukhuluma noma ubunzima bokuhambisana ukuphefumula nokukhuluma. Ubunzima bungashintsha kakhulu kusuka kumuntu komunye, futhi izimpawu zingase ziye ziye noma zibe zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-dysarthria?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-dysarthria ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezingxenyeni zesimiso sakho sezinzwa esithintekile. Uhlobo ngalunye lunephethini yalo yokushintsha kokukhuluma, okusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani futhi uhlele ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Flaccid dysarthria: Ibangelwa ukulimala kwamithambo, okuholela ekukhulumeni okuthambile, okuhefumula
• I-Spastic dysarthria: Ivela ekulimaleni kobuchopho, okuholela ekukhulumeni okuqinisile, okuhamba kancane
• I-Ataxic dysarthria: Ngenxa yezinkinga ze-cerebellum, idala ukungalingani kokulingana kokukhuluma
• I-Hypokinetic dysarthria: Ihlotshaniswa nesifo se-Parkinson, okuholela ekukhulumeni okuthule, okungenawo umsindo
• I-Hyperkinetic dysarthria: Ihilela ukunyakaza okungakwazi ukulawulwa okuthinta ukusabela kokukhuluma
• I-Mixed dysarthria: Ihlanganisa izici zezinhlobo eziningi

Uchwepheshe wakho wezokukhuluma angakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngokulalela ngokucophelela izindlela zakho zokukhuluma. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekudaleni uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nezidingo zakho.

Yini ebangela i-dysarthria?

I-Dysarthria kwenzeka lapho okuthile kuphazamisa ukuxhumana okujwayelekile phakathi kobuchopho bakho nemisipha elawula ukukhuluma. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zezinzwa, ukulimala, noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ezithinta isimiso sakho sezinzwa.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sokuqhaqhazela noma ukulimala kobuchopho
• Isifo se-Parkinson nezinye izifo zokunyakaza
• I-Multiple sclerosis
• I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• I-Cerebral palsy
• Iziphumuzo zobuchopho
• I-Muscular dystrophy

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa eziqakathekile zihlanganisa imithi ethile, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ama-dentures angalungile, noma ukutheleleka okuthinta ubuchopho. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-dysarthria ingaba yesikhashana, ikakhulukazi uma ibangelwa imithi noma izimo ezilawuleka.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izimo zezakhiwo, izifo zokuziphatha komzimba, noma izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni zingase ziholele e-dysarthria. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ukuze athole imbangela eyingozi, njengoba lokhu kuchaphazela kakhulu izinketho zakho zokwelashwa nokubuka kwakho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-dysarthria?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukushintsha okungazelelwe ekukhulumeni noma uma ubunzima bokukhuluma bukhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubheka okusheshayo kungasiza ekutholeni izimbangela ezilawuleka futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ukushintsha kokukhuluma kwenzeka kanye nezinye izimpawu ezinkulu njengokwehla kobuso, ukubuthakathaka kwenduku, ukudideka, noma isiphithiphithi esikhulu. Lezi zingase zibonise isifo sokuqhaqhazela, esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ejwayelekile uma uhlangabezana nokukhuluma okuqhelelana okuqhubekayo, ukushintsha kwezwi okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamalanga ambalwa, noma ubunzima bokuqondwa yilowo nalowo womndeni nabangane. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane kufanele ziqaphele, njengoba ukungenelela okusheshayo kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle.

Ziyini izici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-dysarthria?

Izici eziningi zingase zikwenze ube nethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa i-dysarthria, noma ngabe ukuba nezici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzoba nale simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-65, lapho izimo zezinzwa ziqala ukuba khona kakhulu
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zezinzwa
• Isifo sokuqhaqhazela esidlule noma ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukuphindaphindiwe kwegazi noma isifo sikashukela
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okukhulu
• Imithi ethile ethinta isimiso sezinzwa
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi noma ezinkulu zezinto ezinzima

Ezinye izici ezingavamile ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zihlanganisa izimo zokuziphatha komzimba, ukuguqulwa kwezakhiwo, noma ukutheleleka okudlule okuthinta ubuchopho. Nakuba ungakwazi ukulawula zonke izici ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini, ukugcina impilo enhle ngokujwayela ukuzivocavoca, ukudla okulinganiselayo, nokugwema ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okukhulu kungasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yakho yezinzwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-dysarthria?

Nakuba i-dysarthria ikakhulukazi ithinta ukukhuluma, ingase iholele kwezinye izinselele ezithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke nokuzwelwa kwakho okujwayelekile. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukuba ulungiselele futhi ufunane ukwesekwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi ngenxa yobunzima bokuxhumana
• Usizi noma ukukhathazeka ngokukhuluma obala
• Izinselele zendawo yokusebenza noma ubunzima bomsebenzi
• Izinkinga zokugwinya (i-dysphagia) kwezinye izimo
• Ukucindezeleka kobuhlobo ngenxa yezingcindezi zokuxhumana
• Ukuhla kwekhwalithi yempilo nokuthembela ekuzinzeni

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise ukuhlwitha noma i-pneumonia yokugwinya uma ukugwinya nakho kuthinteka. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha okubangelwa ukuzama ukukhuluma ngokucacile, okungase kubangele ubuhlungu begagasi noma isiphithiphithi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinkinga zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, amadivayisi okusiza, nokunakekelwa kwengqondo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuxhumana nokugcina ubuhlobo obuqakathekile.

I-Dysarthria ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-dysarthria kuhilela ukubheka okuphelele yiqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuqala ngodokotela wakho oyinhloko futhi kuvame ukufaka ochwepheshe wezokukhuluma. Inqubo igxile ekuqondeni izindlela zakho zokukhuluma nokubona imbangela eyingozi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba. Bazokubuzisa ngesikhathi lapho izimpawu zaqala khona, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi unezinye izimpawu zezinzwa yini.

Ukubheka kokukhuluma kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi. Uchwepheshe wakho wezokukhuluma uzokulalela ukhuluma, ufunde ngokuzwakalayo, futhi wenze imisebenzi ethile yezwi. Bazohlola izindlela zakho zokuphefumula, ikhwalithi yezwi, nokuthi uyakwazi kangakanani ukunyakaza izindebe zakho, ulimi, nomgubhu.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise ukubuka izithombe zobuchopho njenge-MRI noma i-CT scans, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uhlole ukutheleleka noma ukushoda kwevithamini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kokusabalala kwamithambo. Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo noma i-lumbar puncture kungase kudingeke ukuze kutholakale izimo ezithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-dysarthria?

Ukwelashwa kwe-dysarthria kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lakho lokuxhumana ngenkathi uqaphela imbangela eyingozi uma kungenzeka. Indlela iyodwa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lwe-dysarthria, ubunzima bayo, nezinhloso zakho siqu.

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa. Uchwepheshe wakho wezokukhuluma uzosebenza nawe emisebenzini yokwenza imisipha yokukhuluma ibe namandla, ukuthuthukisa amasu okuphefumula, nokwenza amasu wokuxhumana okucacile.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Imi-sebenzi yokwenza imisipha ibe namandla yezindebe, ulimi, nomgubhu
• Imi-sebenzi yokuphefumula ukuze isekela ukukhuluma okuhle
• Amasu okuguqula isivinini sokukhuluma
• Amadivayisi okukhulisa izwi
• Amabhodi okuxhumana noma amadivayisi okukhuluma e-elektroniki
• Ukwelashwa komlomo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwemisipha

Ngezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi ukuze aphathe isifo se-Parkinson, aphathe ukutheleleka, noma aphathe ezinye izici ezibangelayo. Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukungenelela kokwelapha kungase kusize ngezinkinga ezithile zokwakheka komzimba.

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bunikeza amathuba okuthakazelisa okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezisiza ekusebenzeni kokukhuluma namadivayisi okuxhumana aphambili angakwazi ukukhulumela wena uma kudingeka.

Indlela yokuphatha i-dysarthria ekhaya?

Ukuzijwayeza kwansuku zonke nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo kungathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono akho okuxhumana nokwenza ukukhuluma kube lula. Lezi zindlela zokuphatha ekhaya zisebenza kangcono uma zihlanganiswe nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kwabachwepheshe.

Nawa amanyathelo asebenzayo ongawuthatha ekhaya:

• Jwayela imisebenzi yokukhuluma ephakanyiswe yichwepheshe lakho nsuku zonke
• Khuluma kancane futhi ngokucophelela, uthathe ama-breaks phakathi kwemisho
• Bheka umuntu okhuluma naye futhi wenze ukuxhumana ngamehlo
• Sebenzisa izandla nezindlela zobuso ukuze usekele amazwi akho
• Khetha izindawo ezithule ngezinhlungu ezibalulekile
• Gcina ibhodi yokuxhumana noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone oluseduze
• Hlala uthambile ukuze ugcine umlomo wakho nentanyeni yakho ibe lula

Kubalandeli bomndeni nabangane, ukuzeka kade umsindo nokulalela okuhle kwenza umehluko omkhulu. Cela ukucaceka uma kudingeka kunokwenza sengathi uyaqonda, futhi unike umuntu isikhathi esengeziwe sokuveza imicabango yakhe.

Ukudala indawo yokusekela ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa umsindo wangemuva ngesikhathi sokubonisana nokusetha izibonakaliso ezilula zokuxhumana ngezidingo ezivamile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukubheka okuphelele kakhulu nokuqondisa okuwusizo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungasindisa isikhathi futhi kusize iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo liqonde isimo sakho ngokucacile.

Ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho, bhala phansi ukuthi uqale nini ukuqaphela ukushintsha kokukhuluma nokuthi kuye kwathuthuka kanjani. Qaphela ezinye izimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene nokukhuluma.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathatha. Faka noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwamuva ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa, njengoba imithi ethile ingase ithinte ukukhuluma.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane onikeza ukubuka okwengeziwe ngokushintsha kokukhuluma kwakho. Ngezinye izikhathi abanye baqaphela izindlela noma ukushintsha ongaqapheli.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ukuqhubeka. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngezinsiza zokwelashwa kokukhuluma, amaqembu wokusekela, noma amadivayisi okusiza angase akusize.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule nge-dysarthria?

I-Dysarthria yisimo esilawuleka esithinta ukucaca kokukhuluma kodwa asithinti ubuhlakani bakho noma ikhono lokukuqonda abanye. Nakuba kungase kube yinto ecasulayo, abantu abaningi abane-dysarthria bagcina ubuhlobo obunethezeka kanye nempilo esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi usizo luyatholakala. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ubuchwepheshe bokusiza, namasu okuxhumana okusekela kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokuxhumana nabanye.

Ukungenelela okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle, ngakho unganqikazi ukufuna usizo lwabachwepheshe uma uqaphela ukushintsha kokukhuluma. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lingasebenza nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo oluqondene nezidingo zakho nezinhloso.

Khumbula ukuthi intuthuko ithatha isikhathi, futhi ukuthuthuka okuncane ekuxhumaneni kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Hlala unethemba futhi gubha izinqoba endleleni.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-dysarthria

Ingakwelashwa ngokuphelele yini i-dysarthria?

Ukubuka kwesikhathi esizayo se-dysarthria kuncike embangelweni yayo eyingozi. Ezinye izimo ezingelona isikhathi eside njengemiphumela emibi yemithi noma ukutheleleka zingathuthuka kakhulu noma ziphele ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, i-dysarthria ebangelwa izimo zezinzwa ezithuthukayo njenge-Parkinson's disease noma i-ALS ngokuvamile idinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kunokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungasiza abantu abaningi ukuba baxhumane ngokuphumelelayo, ngisho noma ukululama okuphelele kungekho.

Ingaba i-dysarthria ifana ne-aphasia?

Cha, lezi yizimo ezahlukene. I-Dysarthria ithinta ikhono lokukhuluma ngokucacile ngenxa yokubuthakathaka kwemisipha noma izinkinga zokusebenzisana, kodwa amakhono akho olulimi nokuqonda kuhlala kuqondile. I-Aphasia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithinta ikhono lakho lokuqonda noma ukwakha ulimi. Abantu abane-dysarthria bayazi ukuthi bafuna ukusho ukuthini kodwa banenkinga yokukusho ngokucacile, kanti abantu abane-aphasia bangase bazizwe benenkinga yokuthola amazwi afanele noma ukuqonda ukukhuluma.

Ingabe i-dysarthria izokuthinta ikhono lakho lokugwinya?

I-Dysarthria nezinkinga zokugwinya (i-dysphagia) ngezinye izikhathi zingase zenzeke ndawonye ngoba zihilela amaqembu emisipha afanayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuba ne-dysarthria akusho ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga zokugwinya. Uma uqaphela ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuhlwitha ngesikhathi sokudla noma ukuphuza, noma ukudla kunamathela, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha njengoba lokhu kudinga ukubheka nokwelashwa okuhlukile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma ukuze kubonise imiphumela?

Isikhathi sokuthuthuka sihluka kakhulu kuye ngokubangela nobunzima be-dysarthria yakho. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, kanti abanye bangase badinge izinyanga zokujwayela okuqhubekayo. Izimo ezithuthukayo zingase zidinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuze zigcine amakhono azo manje kunokulindela ukuthuthuka okukhulu. Uchwepheshe wakho wezokukhuluma angakunika isikhathi esithile esiqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho siqu.

Ingabe abantwana bangathuthukisa i-dysarthria?

Yebo, abantwana bangathuthukisa i-dysarthria, nakuba kungavamile kunabantu abadala. I-Dysarthria yabantwana ingase ibe khona kusukela ekuzalweni ngenxa yezimo ezinjenge-cerebral palsy, noma ingase ithuthuke kamuva ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho, ukutheleleka, noma ezinye izimo zezinzwa. Abantwana bavame ukuphendula kahle ekwelashweni kokukhuluma, futhi ukungenelela okusheshayo kungase kubekele phambili ukuthuthuka okukhulu emakhonweni okuxhumana njengoba bekhula bethu.