Uyini i-Dyslexia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Dyslexia iwukuthanda okuthile kokufunda okunethezeka indlela ingqondo yakho esebenza ngayo ulimi olubhaliwe, okwenza ukufunda, ukubhala, nokubhala kube nzima kakhulu kunabantu abaningi. Akuyona uphawu lokuqonda okuphansi noma ukushoda kokuzimisela – ingqondo yakho isebenza ngendlela ehlukile uma kuziwa ekuhlanganiseni izinhlamvu nemisindo.

Lesi simo sengqondo siqeda cishe i-10-15% yabantu, okwenza kube omunye wemisebenzi evamile yokufunda. Abantu abane-dyslexia bavame ukuba nokuqonda okuvamile noma okuphezulu kunokulinganiselwe futhi bangaphumelela ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa badinga izindlela ezahlukile zokuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala.

Uyini i-dyslexia?

I-Dyslexia iwukukhubazeka okuqondile kokufunda okuqeda ikakhulukazi ukufunda okusheshayo nokuqonda. Ingqondo yakho inenkinga yokuxhumanisa izimpawu zobumuntu esizibiza ngokuthi izinhlamvu nemisindo emele, okwenza ukukhulula amazwi kube nzima kakhulu.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuba nesistimu yokusebenza ehlukile ebuchosheni bakho. Ngesikhathi ingqondo yabantu abaningi ixhumanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlamvu nemisindo, abantu abane-dyslexia badinga ukusebenza kanzima kakhulu ukwenza le miqondiso. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kukhona okuphosakele kuwe – kusho nje ukuthi ingqondo yakho isebenza ngolwimi ngendlela ehlukile.

Lesi simo siphila impilo yonke, kodwa ngokusekelwa okuhle neqhinga, abantu abane-dyslexia bangaba abafundi nababhali abaphumelelayo. Abaningi ochwepheshe abaphumelelayo, abaculi, nabavumbuli bane-dyslexia futhi bathole izindlela zokusebenza ngokuxhumana okukhethekile kwengqondo yabo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-dyslexia?

Izimpawu ze-dyslexia zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zivame ukushintsha njengoba ukhula. Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ekuqaleni kungakusiza uthole ukusekelwa okudingayo ukuze uphumelele ngokufunda nangokomuntu siqu.

Ebuntwaneni obuqalayo (iminyaka yasekolishi), ungase uqaphele:

• Ubunzima bokuqonda izingoma zabantwana noma ukubona amaphasi afanayo
• Ubunzima bokuqonda amagama ezinhlamvu noma ukudideka kwezinhlamvu ezifanayo
• Ukukhula kokukhuluma okulile noma ubunzima bokuphinyisela amagama ngokufanele
• Izinkinga zokulandela imiyalo eminingi noma ukukhumbula uchungechunge
• Ubunzima bokuqonda igama labo siqu ngokubhala

Phakathi neminyaka yesikole samabanga aphansi, izimpawu ziyabonakala ngokwanda kokufunda:

• Ukufunda kancane kakhulu kunontanga abafunda esigabeni esifanayo
• Iphutha lokuhlanza kaningi, ngisho namagama avamile
• Ukugwema imisebenzi yokufunda noma ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokufunda
• Ubunzima bokuphinyisela amagama angaziwa noma ukuthembela kakhulu ezinkomba zendawo
• Izinkinga zokuqonda ukufunda, ikakhulukazi lapho ufunda ngokuthula
• Ukuhlanganisa i-oda lezincwadi emazwini (njengokufunda "saw" njengo "was")
• Ubunzima bokuqonda amaqiniso emathematika noma ukulandela imiyalo ebhalwe phansi

Kubantu abasebasha nabadala, izimpawu ze-dyslexia zivame ukuguqukela ku:

• Ukufunda kancane nokukhathala ngokwengqondo ngemuva kokufunda
• Ubunzima bokuqalisa izindaba noma ukukhipha imibono ebalulekile embhalweni
• Izinkinga zokuphatha isikhathi nokubambisana
• Ubunzima nokuqonda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe
• Ukugwema imisebenzi yokubhala noma ukukhiqiza umsebenzi obhaliwe omfishane kunolindelekile
• Ubunzima nezivivinyo ezilinganiswe, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezilinganiselwe isikhathi

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusikho ukuthi uhlushwa yi-dyslexia. Izinto eziningi zingathinta ukukhula kokufunda, futhi ochwepheshe abafanelekile kufanele bahlole noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-dyslexia?

Abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinhlobo eziningana ze-dyslexia ngokusekelwe emakhono okufunda athinteka kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani abantu abahlukene abane-dyslexia behlushwa yizici ezahlukene zokufunda nokubhala.

Ukuphazamiseka kokukhuluma okungokwemfumo yemisindo yilikhulu kakhulu, kulimaza abantu abangaba ngu-75% abane-dyslexia. Uma unelobo hlobo, ubuchopho bakho bunezinhlungu zokuxhumanisa izinhlamvu nemisindo yazo efanelekile. Ungafunda amagama ajwayelekile ngokufanele kodwa uhlupheke ngamazwi amasha noma angaqondakali ngoba awukwazi ukuwavula kalula.

I-Surface dyslexia ilimaza ikhono lakho lokuqaphela amagama aphelele ngeso. Uvame ukukwazi ukuphuma amagama ngokufana, kodwa uhlupheka ngamazwi angavamile angalandeli imithetho yokuhlanganisa eyiqondiwe. Amagama afana nelithi "yacht" noma i- "colonel" angaba inselele ngokukhethekile ngoba awakwazi ukukhishwa ngokufanele.

I-Double deficit dyslexia ihlanganisa izinselele kokubili ekucubunguleni imisindo kanye nokubiza ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlupheka kokubili ekukhisheni amagama nasekuqapheliseni ngokushesha izinhlamvu, izinombolo, noma izinto ezijwayelekile. Lolo hlobo luvamise ukudinga ukungenelela okukhulu.

I-Visual dyslexia, nakuba ingavamile, ilimaza indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo ulwazi oluvela embhalweni. Ungase ubona izinhlamvu zihamba, ziqhelelane, noma zibonakale zidansa ekhasini. Lokhu kungenza ukufunda okuqhubekayo kube nzima kakhulu futhi kube nzima.

Yini ebangela i-dyslexia?

I-Dyslexia ivela ekuhlukaneni kokuthi izindawo ezithile zobuchopho bakho zithuthuka kanjani futhi zisebenza kanjani, ikakhulu izindawo ezithwala ukucubungula ulimi. Lezi zinguquko zezinzwa zivela ekuzalweni futhi zithonywe kakhulu yindlela yakho yokuzala.

Imbangela eyinhloko iyindlela yokuzala, nge-dyslexia ehamba ngamandla emindenini. Uma omunye umzali enedyslexia, kunethuba elingaba ngu-40-60% lokuthi ingane yabo nayo iyoba nayo. Uma bobabili abazali benedyslexia, amathuba andisa kuya ku-70-80%. Ososayensi bathole ama-gene amaningana ahlanganyela ebunzimeni bokufunda, nakuba akukho gene elilodwa ebangela i-dyslexia.

Izifundo zokubona ingqondo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abane-dyslexia banokuhlukahlukana kwesakhiwo nengqondo. I-hemisphere yasekhohlo yengqondo yakho, evame ukusingatha ukucubungula ulimi, ingaba noxhumano olungasebenzi kahle phakathi kwezindawo eziphatha imisindo, izinhlamvu, nokuqonda. Lezi zindlela zezinzwa azisebenzi ngokulinganayo njengoba zenza kubafundi abavamile.

Ezinye izici zezimo ezikhona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ekuthuthukisweni kwasekuqaleni zingase zikhulise ingozi, yize zingayikubangeli ngokuqondile i-dyslexia. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esincane sokuzalwa, noma ukukhombisa utsha, utshwala, noma ukutheleleka okuthile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, izingane eziningi eziveliwe kulezi zici azithuthuki i-dyslexia.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-dyslexia ayibangelwa yizinkinga zobumona, ukushoda kokuhlakanipha, ukufundiswa okunganele, noma izinkinga zomzwelo. Lezi zinkolelo-mbanga ziyaqhubeka kodwa ziye zaphikwa ngokuphelele ucwaningo. I-Dyslexia ivela kuzo zonke izigaba zomnotho-zenhlalo namasiko.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-dyslexia?

Kufanele ucabangele ukufuna ukulinganiswa kochwepheshe uma ubunzima bokufunda buqhubeka naphezu kwemfundo nekhambi eyanele. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokungenelela kungahlanganisa umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside, ngakho ungalindi uma unokukhathazeka.

Kubantwana abancane, hlela ukuhlolwa uma ingane yakho iluma ngamakhono okufunda okuyisisekelo ekupheleni kwezinga lokuqala noma ibonisa izimpawu eziningi zezexwayiso njalo. Izimpawu ezibomvu zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuqaphela amagama abukwayo avamile, ukungakwazi ukuphuma amagama alula, noma ukukhungatheka okukhulu ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokufunda.

Abafundi abadala nabantu abadala kufanele bafune ukuhlolwa uma ukufunda kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwabo kwezemfundo noma emsebenzini. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunontanga ukuqedela izabelo zokufunda, ukugwema ukufunda uma kunokwenzeka, noma ukuba nobunzima obuqhubekayo bokubhala naphezu kweminyaka yemfundo.

Qala ngodokotela wakho womndeni noma uchwepheshe wezingane, ongakwazi ukukhipha izinkinga zobona noma zokuzwa bese akuqondisa kubachwepheshe abafanele. Izingane ezikhulile esikoleni zingabuye zihlonzwe yiqembu lezemfundo ekhethekile lesikole sabo, nakuba ukuhlolwa okuyimfihlo ngezinye izikhathi kunikeza ukuhlolwa okubanzi kakhulu.

Inkambiso yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihilela umuntu onguchwepheshe wezengqondo, ochwepheshe wokufunda, noma uchwepheshe wezengqondo ongaqaphela amakhono okufunda, amakhono okuqonda, kanye nokusebenza kwemfundo. Le ndlela ebanzi iyasisiza ukwahlukanisa i-dyslexia kwezinye izinselele zokufunda futhi iqondise ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa.

Ziyini izimbangela ezingozi ze-dyslexia?

Ukuqonda izimbangela ezingozi ze-dyslexia kungasiza ekutholeni izingane ezingase zizuze ekuqaphelweni nasekusekelweni kwasekuqaleni. Nakuba ukuba nezimbangela ezingozi akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothola i-dyslexia, ukwazi kungase kukhombise ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni uma kudingeka.

Umlando womndeni yimbangela enkulu kakhulu ye-dyslexia. Uma unembele, umfowenu, noma isihlobo esiseduze esine-dyslexia noma ezinye izinselele zokufunda, ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu. Izingxenyekazi zezinto eziphilayo zinamandla kangangokuthi ezinye imindeni zibona i-dyslexia kuzo zonke izizukulwane.

Izici ezithile zangaphambi kokuzalwa nezokuzalwa zingase zikhulise ingozi, nakuba izingane eziningi ezinalezi zici zingayitholi i-dyslexia:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esincane sokuzalwa
• Ukubhema, ukuphuza, noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kunina ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuthola ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-rubella
• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha ezihlasela ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni

Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kolimi kwasekuqaleni zingase futhi zibonise ingozi eyenyuka. Izingane ezidelela ukukhuluma, ezinokungalungi komsindo wokukhuluma, noma ezihlupheka ngokulinganisa namageyimu emazwi zingase zibe nethuba elikhulu lokuthola izinselele zokufunda kamuva.

Ukuba nezinye izinkinga zokufunda noma inselele yokunakekela kukhuphula amathuba okuba nedyslexia. Isimo esinjenge-ADHD, isifo sokukhula lolwimi, noma ukuntuleka kokufunda izibalo kuvame ukuvela kanye nedyslexia, yize isimo ngasinye sidinga ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa okukhethekile.

Abafana bahlale banedyslexia kakhulu kunamantombazane, yize ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yobandlululo lokuthunyelwa kunokuba yimeko yangempela yezesondo. Amantombazane ane-dyslexia angase angabonakali ngoba avame ukwakha amasu okubhekana nezinkinga noma azigcine izinkinga zawo kunokuba aziveze.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-dyslexia?

Ngaphandle kokusekelwa okufanele nokwelapha, i-dyslexia ingabangela izinkinga eziningi ezemfundo, zemizwelo, nezenhlalo eziqhubeka ngaphezu kokunzima kokufunda. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokubona isimo ngokushesha nokuthola usizo olufanele.

Izinkinga zemfundo zivame ukuvela njengoba izidingo zokufunda zanda phakathi neminyaka yesikole:

• Ukuhlala emuva ezifundweni eziningi ezidinga ukuqonda ukufunda
• Ubunzima nezivivinyo ezilinganiswe, okuthinta ukwamukelwa emakolishi
• Izinkinga ngezidingo zokufunda ulimi lwasemzini
• Izinkinga ngezinkinga zamagama ezibalo naphezu kwamakhono abalulekile ezinombolweni
• I-GPA ephansi ngokujwayelekile naphezu kokuhlakanipha nomzamo

Izinkinga zemizwelo nezingqondo zingaba nzima kakhulu futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi abangenayo i-dyslexia noma abangenayo ukusekelwa okuhle bathuthukisa ukuzethemba okuphansi, bekholelwa ukuthi abahlakaniphile ngokwanele ukuze baphumelele ezemfundo. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yokufunda, ukugwema isikole, noma ngisho nokucindezeleka.

Izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi zingase zivele uma abantwana behluleka ukubambelela kubafundi abalingana nabo ngokufunda. Bangase bahlekwe ngokufunda kancane noma ukwenza amaphutha avamile, okubangela ukuzisula emphakathini noma ukungathandi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yaseklasini. Abanye abantwana bathuthukisa izinkinga zokuziphatha njengendlela yokugwema imisebenzi enzima yokufunda.

Ekukhuleni, ukungaphathwa kwe-dyslexia kunganciphisa amathuba emisebenzi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni edinga ukufunda nokubhala okuningi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokusekelwa okufanele, abantu abane-dyslexia bavame ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda izinkinga kanye nokuqamba okumangalisayo okuwasebenzelayo kahle ngokusebenza.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga lingathintelwa ngokutholakala kwasekuqaleni, ukusekelwa kwemfundo okufanele, nokuqonda komndeni nabafundisi. Abaningi ochwepheshe abaphumelelayo bane-dyslexia futhi bafunde ukusebenza namandla ahlukile engqondo yabo.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-dyslexia?

Njengoba i-dyslexia isimo sengqondo esinezakhiwo ezinamandla ze-genetic, ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngendlela evamile. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo enempilo nokunciphisa ubunzima bokufunda ngokusebenzisana kwasekuqaleni nezici zemvelo.

Phakathi kokukhulelwa, ukugcina impilo enhle yokukhulelwa kungase kusekele ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwengqondo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema utshwala, utshaba, nama-drugs okuzijabulisa, ukuthola ukudla okwanele, nokuphatha noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezingapheli nodokotela wakho.

Ukuvezwa kwentetho kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile kubo bonke abantwana, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini ye-dyslexia. Ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo kubantwana abasebancane, ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni, ukucula izingoma, nokudlala imidlalo yezwi konke kusiza ukwakha amakhono asesisombuluko adingekayo empumelelweni yokufunda kamuva.

Uma ukungakwazi ukufunda kuvela emndenini wakho, ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni nokubhekwa kungasiza ekutholeni izimpawu ngaphambi kokuba kube khona izinselele zasemfundweni. Ochwepheshe abaningi abafundisa ukufunda bayekazelela imisebenzi yokwazisa amagama kubantwana abasengozini yasekhaya, njengemidlalo yokulinganisa namakhono okuhlonza imisindo.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimba ukungakwazi ukufunda, ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi ezihambisana nako. Abantwana abamukela ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kokufunda nokwesekwa kusukela ekuqaleni bavame ukukhula ngamathuluzi angcono okuqondana nezinkinga futhi bagcine ukuzethemba okuphezulu emisebenzini yabo yemfundo.

Ukuxilongwa kokungakwazi ukufunda kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kokungakwazi ukufunda kuhilela ukuhlolwa okubanzi okuhlola izici eziningi zokufunda nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ayikho izivivinyo ezihlukile zokungakwazi ukufunda, ngakho ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kahle basebenzisa izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene ukuqonda iphethini yakho ethile yamandla nezinkinga.

Inqubo yokuhlola iqala ngokuvamile ngomlando oluqondile wokuthuthukiswa kokufunda kwakho, isizinda somndeni, nezinkinga zakho zamanje. Umhlola uzofuna ukwazi ngezigaba zokuqala zolwimi, okuhlangenwe nakho esikoleni, nanoma yikuphi ukungenelela kwangaphambili noma ukulungiswa okuye wazama.

Ukuhlolwa kokwazi nokufezeka kuwumgogodla wokuhlolwa kokungakwazi ukufunda. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ikhono lakho lokucabanga, amakhono okufunda, ukubhala, ukubhala, nokuqonda amagama. Umhlola ufuna ukubona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamandla akho nokuphumelela kwakho kokufunda.

Izivivinyo ezithile zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa lwe-IQ ukuze kumiswe isisekelo sokucabanga
• Izivivinyo zokwazisa amagama ukuhlola ukuxhumana komsindo-uphawu
• Ukulinganisa ukufunda ngokushesha usebenzisa amagama angezelwe namagama angaqondakali
• Isibonelo sokubhala nokubhala
• Imisebenzi yokubiza ngokushesha ukuhlola isivinini sokuqonda
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhumbula, kokubili okwesikhashana nokusebenza kwemikhumbulo

Umhlola uzokhipha futhi ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zezinselele zokufunda, njengobunzima bobukhazikhazi noma ukuzwa, izinselele zokuqaphela, noma ukuqeqeshwa okungafanele. Le ndlela ephelele iqinisekisa ukutholakala okulungile nohlelo lokwelapha olufanele.

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-4-6 futhi kungase kuhlukaniswe ezihlangwini eziningi. Umbiko wokugcina kufanele ucacise ngokucacile uhlobo lwakho oluthile lwedyslexia, iphethini yamandla akho nobuthakathaka, nezincomo ezinemininingwane yokusekela imfundo nokufaneleka.

Iyini impilo yedyslexia?

Ukuphathwa kwe-dyslexia okuphumelelayo kugxila ekufundiseni okukhethekile kokufunda okufundisa ubuchopho bakho izindlela ezintsha zokucubungula ulimi olubhaliwe. Izindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zihlangene, zihlangene, futhi zilungiselelwe izidingo zakho ezikhethekile nendlela yokufunda.

Izinhlelo zolimi oluhlelekile olunezinzwa eziningi zenza isisekelo sokwelapha i-dyslexia. Lezi zinhlelo zifundisa ukufunda ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobukhazikhazi, ukuzwa, nokunambitheka-okuthinta. Ungase ukhombe izinhlamvu ngenkathi ukhuluma imisindo, noma usebenzise amathilesi anemibala ukwakha amagama ngenkathi uwakhuluma ngokuzwakalayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqalwe yi-phonics kubalulekile kubantu abaningi abane-dyslexia. Le ndlela ehlelekile ifundisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlamvu nemisindo ngendlela yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, iqala ngemibono eyisisekelo bese yakha ubunzima kancane kancane. Izinhlelo ezifana ne-Orton-Gillingham, i-Wilson Reading System, noma i-Lindamood-Bell zenzelwe ngokukhethekile abafundi abane-dyslexia.

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zokwelapha okuphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqeqeshwa okucacile kwe-phonics okufundisa ngokuqondile ubudlelwano phakathi komsindo nesimboli
• Isifundo esihleliwe nesakhayo esakha emakhulwini amakhono afundiwe ngaphambili
• Amakhono amaningi wemizwa ahilela izindlela eziningi zokufunda
• Ukuzijwayeza okwanele nokuphindaphinda ukwakha izimpendulo ezenzakalelayo
• Ukuqeqeshwa okuqondile emaphethini okubhala nasezakhiwo zamagama
• Ukuzijwayeza ukufunda ngokushesha ngezincwadi ezingamazinga afanele

Ubukhulu bokuwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni intuthuko. Ochwepheshe abaningi bancoma okungenani amahora angu-3-4 wokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ngesonto, yize abanye abantu bedinga izingqalasizinda zansuku zonke ekuqaleni. Ubude bokuwelapha buyahluka, kodwa abantu abaningi badinga iminyaka engu-2-3 yokungenelela okuqhubekayo ukuze bakhe amakhono okuqonda okuqinile.

Ubuchwepheshe bungawengeza ngempumelelo ukuqeqeshwa kwendabuko. Isoftware ye-text-to-speech, ama-audiobook, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ezikhethekile zingakunikeza ukuzijwayeza okwengeziwe nokusekela ngenkathi uthuthukisa amakhono akho ayisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe kufanele buthuthukise, kungabi ukubuyisela, ukuqeqeshwa okuhleliwe.

Indlela yokuphatha i-dyslexia ekhaya?

Ukusekela umuntu one-dyslexia ekhaya kudala isisekelo sempumelelo yemfundo futhi kwakha ukuzethemba ekuhambeni kwabo kokufunda. Ukukhuthaza kwakho neqhinga elizwelayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwansuku zonke ngemisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala.

Dala indawo yokufunda enesekelo ngokumisa isikhathi sokuqala sokuqala, esingenaphutha sokuqala ndawonye. Khetha izincwadi ezincane kunamazinga abo okuqala ukuze wakhe ukuqonda nokuzethemba. Shintshana ukufunda izigaba noma amakhasi, futhi ungangabazi ukusiza ngamazwi anzima ukuze ugcine umkhondo wendaba nokuqonda.

Ama-audiobook namanye amathuluzi edijithali angashintsha indlela yokusekela ekhaya. Ilayibrari ineqoqo elikhulu lama-audiobook, futhi eziningi zikuvumela ukuba ulandele umbhalo ongokomzimba. Lo mhlanganiso ukusiza ekuqondeni ngenkathi ukhombisa umfundi wakho izaga ezicebile kanye nezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi angase angazitholi ngokufunda kuphela.

Ukushintsha impilo yansuku zonke kunganciphisa ukukhungatheka nokusekela ukufunda:

• Hlukanisa umsebenzi wesikole zibe izingxenye ezincane ngezikhathi zokuphumula ezininzi
• Sebenzisa ama-timer ukudala izikhathi zomsebenzi ezilawuleka
• Nikeza indawo yokusebenza ethule, ehlelekile, engenaphutha
• Vumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda nokubhala
• Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola izipelingi nezinye izinto ezisiza
• Gubha umzamo nokuqhubeka, hhayi ukunemba kuphela

Ukuxhumana nothisha kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuhambisana phakathi kwekhaya nesikole. Yabelana ngalokho okusebenza ekhaya, bese ubuza ngezindlela ezithile zokusekela ukufunda ekilasini. Ukuhlola njalo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu usebenza ngezinjongo ezifanayo.

Gxila ezinzwini nezintshisekelo ukuze ugcine isisusa. Abantu abaningi abane-dyslexia baphambili ekucabangeni okudaliwe, ukuxazulula izinkinga, noma imisebenzi yokwenza ngezandla. Ukondla lezi talente kusiza ekwakheni ukuzethemba okujwayelekile futhi kubakhumbuza ukuthi i-dyslexia iyisici esisodwa sephrofayili yabo yokufunda.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubhekana nodokotela wakho?

Ukulungiselela ngokuphelele i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-dyslexia kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukulinganisa oluphelele kakhulu okungenzeka. Ukulungiselela okuhle kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kukusize uzizwe uqinile ngesikhathi senqubo.

Butha amadokhumenti namarekhodi afanele ngaphambi kokuya kwakho. Butha ama-report card esikole, amaphuzu okuhlolwa okuqondisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili, nanoma yiziphi izibonelo zomsebenzi obhaliwe ozibonisa izinselele ezikhona. Uma ufuna ukuhlolwa ngengane, faka izikhathi eziphambili zokuthuthukiswa kanye nanoma yiziphi iziphawu othisha noma abafundisi.

Dala umlando ophelele wamava okufunda nokufunda. Bhala phansi ukuthi uqale nini ukubona ubunzima, izinselele ezithile ezivela njalo, kanye nezindlela eziye zazamwa. Faka ulwazi mayelana nomlando womndeni wezingqinamba zokufunda, ngoba leli qophelo le-genetic libalulekile ekuxilongweni.

Lungisa imibuzo ethile okumele uyibuze ngesikhathi sokumiwa kwakho:

• Yiluphi uhlobo lwedyslexia engilunayo/engalunayo ingane yami?
• Ziyini izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele zigxile kuzo ukuze kuqhubekeke?
• Ziyiphi izinhlelo zezemfundo noma izindlela ozicebisa?
• Kufanele kube khona ukungenelela kangaki, futhi isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yiziphi izinto ezizosiza kakhulu esikoleni noma emsebenzini?
• Amalungu omndeni anganika kanjani ukwesekwa ekhaya?

Hlela ilogistics yomhlangano, njengoba ukulingwa kungathatha isikhathi eside futhi kudiniwe ngokwengqondo. Letha ukudla okulula namanzi, fika ukhululekile, bese uhlela ukulingwa ngesikhathi sakho esihle sosuku. Kubantwana, chaza ukuthi kuyokwenzekani ngezindlela ezifanele iminyaka yabo ukuze kunciphisa ukukhathazeka.

Woza ulungele ukuxoxa ngezinhloso nezinkathazo ngokukhululekile. Umhlola udinga ukuqonda ukuthi idyslexia ithonya kanjani impilo yansuku zonke, ukusebenza kwemfundo, kanye nempilo yengqondo ukuze anikeze izincomo ezisiza kakhulu.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nedyslexia?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde nge-dyslexia ukuthi kuyinto ehlukile endleleni ubuchopho bakho buqapha ngayo ulimi, hhayi ukubonisa ukuhlakanipha kwakho noma amandla akho okuphumelela. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, izindlela zokufundisa, kanye nezinto ezisiza, abantu abane-dyslexia bangaba abafundi abaqeqeshwe kahle futhi bafeze imigomo yabo yemfundo nomsebenzi.

Ukubona isifo ngokushesha nokungenela kungenza umehluko omkhulu eziphumeleni zesikhathi eside. Uma uthi ucinga ukuthi una-dyslexia noma othile omkhulu kuwe, ungalindi ukufuna ukwelashwa. Lapho ukwesekwa okufanele kuqala, yilapho ungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo izinkinga ezingalindelekile futhi wakhe amasu okutadisha aqinile.

Khumbula ukuthi i-dyslexia ivame ukuba namandla ahlukile, kufaka phakathi ukucabanga okuyisikhathi eside, amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, namakhono aqinile okucubungula izinto ngokomfanekiso. Abaningi abaphumelelayo abaphathi bezinkampani, abaculi, ososayensi, abaholi bane-dyslexia futhi bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yabo ehlukile yokucabanga iyimbangela yokuphumelela kwabo.

Ukusekelwa komndeni, othisha, nabangane kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni. Uma abantu ababalulekile ekuphileni kwakho beqonda i-dyslexia futhi banikeze ukukhuthazwa okufanele, cishe uzothuthukisa ukuzethemba nokuzinza kanye namakhono okufunda.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-dyslexia

Ingayeluleka yini i-dyslexia?

I-Dyslexia ayikwazi 'ukweluleka' ngoba iyindlela ehluke ngokwemvelo yokuqonda ulimi engqondweni yakho. Kodwa-ke, ngokungenela nokusekelwa okufanele, abantu abane-dyslexia bangafunda ukufunda ngokukhululekile futhi bathuthukise amasu aphelele okuphatha izinselele zabo. Abantu abaningi baba abafundi abanolwazi kangangokuthi i-dyslexia yabo ayibonakali ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Ingabe i-dyslexia ifana nokubhala amagama ngokuphambene?

Cha, i-dyslexia iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuguqula amagama noma ukufunda amagama ngokuphambene. Nakuba abanye abantu abane-dyslexia bebhekene nokuqamba amagama, inkinga ebalulekile ikulesi senzo sokuhlanganisa imisindo nezimpawu nokuqonda ulwimi. Abantwana abaningi baqamba amagama lapho befunda ukufunda, kodwa lokhu ngokwalo akuyona i-dyslexia.

Ingabe abantu abadala bangaba ne-dyslexia kamuva ekuphileni?

Abantu abadala abathuthukiselwa ukungakwazi ukufunda (dyslexia) kamuva ekuphileni, njengoba sekukhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Noma kunjalo, abantu abadala abaningi bathola ukuthi banedyslexia lapho behlolwa ngemva kokuthi abantwana babo beqondiwe, noma lapho bebhekene nezinselele ezintsha zasemikhakheni efana nesikole sama-graduate. Lokho okubonakala sengathi ‘kuthuthukiswa’ idyslexia empeleni ukubona izimpawu ezazikhona kodwa mhlawumbe zazinqunywe noma zangaphazanyiswa ngaphambili.

Ingabe umntanami uzokwepuka idyslexia?

Abantwana abawepuki idyslexia, kodwa bangafunda ukufunda ngempumelelo ngemfundo efanele nesekeli. Ukwahluka kwengqondo okubangela idyslexia kuhlala impilo yonke, kodwa abantu bangathuthukisa amakhono okuphumelela okuqina nezindlela zokubhekana nezimo eziphumelelayo. Abantu abadala abaningi abanedyslexia bafundi abahle abafunde ukusebenza ngokuxhuma okukhethekile kwengqondo yabo.

Ingabe abantu abanedyslexia bangafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe?

Abantu abanedyslexia bangafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, yize bengase babhekane nezinselele ezengeziwe ngezilimi ezinezinhlelo zokubhala eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izakhiwo ezahlukene ze-phonological. Izilimi ezinezibonelo zokubhala ezihambisanayo kakhulu, njengeSpanishi noma isiNtaliyane, zingase zibe lula kunesiNgisi. Ngezindlela zokufundisa ezifanele kanye nokuhlanganiswa, abantu abaningi abanedyslexia baba abakhuluma izilimi eziningi.