Dystonia
Uhlolojikelele
I-dystonia yisifo sokuhamba esenza izicubu zomzimba zisongele. Lokhu kungabangela ukujikeleza noma ezinye izinyathelo ezenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ezingaphansi kolawulo lomuntu.
Uma isimo sithinta ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba, kubizwa ngokuthi i-focal dystonia. Uma sithinta izindawo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomzimba eziseduzane, kubizwa ngokuthi i-segmental dystonia. Uma i-dystonia ithonya yonke ingxenye yomzimba, iyaziwa ngokuthi yi-general dystonia. Ukubamba kwemisipha kungaba kusuka kokulula kuya kokubaluleke kakhulu. Kungaba buhlungu, futhi kungathinta ikhono lomuntu lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Ayikho imithi ye-dystonia, kepha amayeza nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa izimpawu. Ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ukuvimba noma ukulawula izicubu noma izindawo ezithile zobuchopho kubantu abane-dystonia ebuhlungu.
Izimpawu
I-dystonia ithonya abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukubamba kwemisipha kungase kube njengalokhu:
- Ukuqala endaweni eyodwa, njengolunyawo, intamo noma ingalo yakho. I-dystonia efocale eqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-21 ngokuvamile iqala entanyeni, engalweni noma ebusweni. Nakuba ithambekele ekuhlaleni endaweni eyodwa, ingase isakazeke endaweni ehambisanayo yomzimba.
- Kwenzeka ngesikhathi senyathelo elithile, njengokubhala ngesandla.
- Kubiyela ngokucindezeleka, ukukhathala noma ukukhathazeka.
- Kuyabonakala kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izindawo zomzimba ezingathinteka zihlanganisa: Intamo. Uma imisipha yentamo ihilelekile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-cervical dystonia. Ukubamba kubangela ikhanda ukuguquguquka nokuguqula ohlangothini olulodwa. Noma ikhanda lingase lidonse phambili noma ngemuva. I-cervical dystonia ngezinye izikhathi ibangela ubuhlungu.
- Amehlo. Uma imisipha elawula ukukhanya kwamehlo ihilelekile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-blepharospasm. Ukukhanya okusheshayo noma ukubamba kwemisipha okubangela ukuba amehlo akho avale kwenza kube nzima ukubona. Ukubamba kwemisipha ngokuvamile akubuhlungu. Kungase kukhule ekukhanyeni okukhulu noma ngenkathi ufunda, ubuka i-TV noma uxhumana nabantu. Kungase futhi kukhule ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Amehlo angase azizwe omile, ane-gritty noma azizwe ekukhanyeni.
- Umhlathi noma olulimi. Uma imisipha yomhlathi nolimi ithinteka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-oromandibular dystonia. Kungabangela inkulumo ephazamisekile, ukukhipha umthondo, nobunzima bokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya. Lolu hlobo lwe-dystonia lungaba luhlungu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ne-cervical dystonia noma i-blepharospasm.
- Ibhokisi yezwi namathambo ezwi. Uma ibhokisi yezwi noma amathambo ezwi ethinteka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-laryngeal dystonia. Kungabangela izwi eliqine noma elithule.
- Isandla nengalo. Amanye ama-dystonia kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi wenza umsebenzi ngokuphindaphindiwe, njengokubhala noma ukudlala ithuluzi lomculo. Aziwa ngokuthi yi-writer's dystonia ne-musician's dystonia. Izimpawu ngokuvamile aziveli lapho ingalo iphumule. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-dystonia ngokuvamile ziyamile, zingezikhathi ezithile futhi zihlangene nomsebenzi othile. Bheka ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma une-muscle contractions ongenakuyilawula.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-dystonia zivame ukuba zingenamandla, ngezinye izikhathi futhi zihambisana nomsebenzi othile. Bheka ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma une-contractions yemisipha ongayilawuli.
Izimbangela
Imbangela eqondile ye-dystonia ayaziwa. Kodwa kungenzeka ihilele ukushintsha ekuthintwaneni phakathi kwamaselula ezinzwa ezindaweni eziningi zobuchopho. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia zidluliselwa emindenini.
IDystonia ingaba futhi isimo esibonakalayo sesifo noma isimo esithile, okuhlanganisa:
- I-Parkinson's disease.
- I-Huntington's disease.
- I-Wilson's disease.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho obucashile.
- Ukulimala kokuzalwa.
- Isiguli.
- Ubuhlungu bobuchopho noma izimo ezithile ezithuthuka kwabanye abantu abanokukhishwa komdlavuza, okuaziwa ngokuthi yi-paraneoplastic syndromes.
- Ukungabi khona koksijini noma ukubulala nge-carbon monoxide.
- Ukutheleleka, njenge-tuberculosis noma i-encephalitis.
- Ukusebenzisana nemithi ethile noma ukubulala nge-heavy metal.
Izici eziyingozi
Ubungozi bakho be-dystonia buyakhuphuka uma unemlando womndeni waleli gciwane lokuhamba. Abafazi nabo banengozi enkulu. Banedystonia kabili njengoba kunjalo kumadoda.
Enye into ebangela ubungozi be-dystonia ukuba nesimo esibangela i-dystonia, njenge-Parkinson's disease noma i-Huntington's disease.
Izingqinamba
Kuxhomeke ekutheni uhlobo luni lwedystoniya, izinhlungu ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhubazeka komzimba okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma imisebenzi ethile.
- Ubunzima nokubona.
- Ubunzima bokuhambisa umhlathi, ukugwinya noma ukukhuluma.
- Ubuhlungu nokuqeda amandla okuvela ekuqinisweni okuqhubekayo kwemisipha yakho.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuthola i-dystonia, iqembu lakho lezeMpilo liqala ngomlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba.
Ukuthola izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu zakho, ungase udinga:
- Izivivinyo zegazi noma ezomchamo. Lezi zivivinyo zingaveza izimpawu zezinto eziyingozi noma zezinye izimo.
- I-MRI noma i-CT scan. Lezi zivivinyo zobumfanekiso zibheka ushintsho ebuchosheni bakho, njengezinhlungu noma ubufakazi besifo sobuchopho.
- I-Electromyography (EMG). Lo mvivinyo uqapha umsebenzi wamagetsi emichini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia zihambisana ne-genes ethile. Ukubona ukuthi unawo la ma-genes kungasiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa
Ukulawula i-dystonia, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bangase bancoma ukusetshenziswa kwedwa kwezidakamizwa, ukwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlungwa kwe-botulinum toxin (Botox, Dysport, nabanye) ezihlangwini ezithile zinganciphisa noma ziyeke ukubamba kwemisipha yakho. Izinhlungu zivame ukuphazanyiswa njalo ngenyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba mnene futhi ibe yisikhashana. Zingabandakanya ubuthakathaka, umlomo owomile noma ukushintsha kwezwi.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zihlose amakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho okuthiwa yi-neurotransmitters eathinta ukunyakaza kwemisipha. Izindlela ezikhethwayo zifaka:
- Carbidopa-levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, nabanye). Lena imithi ingandisa amazinga e-neurotransmitter dopamine. I-Levodopa ingasetshenziswa njengovavanyo lokusiza ekuthola izinhlobo ezithile ze-dystonia.
- Trihexyphenidyl ne-benztropine. Lezi zidakamizwa ezimbili zisebenza kwi-neurotransmitters ngaphandle kwe-dopamine. Imiphumela emibi ingabandakanya ukulahleka kwenkumbulo, ukubona okuphazamisekile, ukulala, umlomo owomile nokuvimbela.
- Diazepam (Valium, Diastat, nabanye), clonazepam (Klonopin) ne-baclofen (Lioresal, Gablofen, nabanye). Lezi zidakamizwa zinciphisa i-neurotransmission futhi zingasiza ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia. Zingabangela imiphumela emibi, njengokulala.
Ungase futhi udinga:
- Ukwelashwa komzimba noma ukwelashwa komsebenzi noma kokubili ukuze kusize ekuqedeni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi.
- Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma uma i-dystonia ithonya izwi lakho.
- Ukululamisa noma ukumunca ukuze kuqede ubuhlungu bemisipha.
Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, ukuhlinzwa kungasiza. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha i-dystonia:
- Ukuvuselelwa okujulile kobuchopho. Ama-electrodes afakwa ngokuhlinzwa engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho bakho futhi axhunywe kumvelisi ofakwe esifubeni sakho. Umvelisi uthumela ama-pulses kagesi ebuchosheni bakho angasiza ekulawuleni ukubamba kwemisipha yakho. Izilungiselelo kumvelisi zingalungiswa ukuze welaphe isimo sakho esithile.
- Ukuhlinzwa kokukhetha ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwama-nerve. Le nqubo ihilela ukukhahlela ama-nerve alawula ukubamba kwemisipha. Kungaba yindlela uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-cervical dystonia azisebenzi.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.