Iyini i-E. coli? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-E. coli uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ehlala ngokwemvelo ezibindini zakho futhi ikusiza ekudayiseni. Iningi lezinhlanga liphephile ngokuphelele futhi empeleni liyazuza impilo yakho.

Nokho, ezinye izinhlanga zingakwenza ube yisiguli lapho zihlasele ukudla noma amanzi. Lezi zinhlobo eziyingozi zingabangela noma yini kusuka ekuhluphekeni okuncane kwesisu kuya ekuguleni okukhulu, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele phakathi nesonto elilodwa.

Iyini i-E. coli?

I-Escherichia coli, noma i-E. coli ngamafuphi, yindlu enkulu yebhaktheriya enezinhlanga ezahlukene eziningi. Cabanga ngayo njengomndeni omkhulu lapho iningi lamalungu libungane, kodwa abambalwa bangabangela inkinga.

Izinhlanga ezisizayo zihlala ngokuthula esibindini sakho esikhulu futhi empeleni zisekela isimo sakho sokuvikela. Ziyiphethe nabantu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane njengabalingani bemvelo enkambeni yethu yokudayisa.

Izinhlanga ezinezinkinga yizo ezingafanele zibe emzimbeni wakho. Uma lezi zingena ngokudla okungcolile noma amanzi, isimo sakho sokuvikela siyazibona njengabaphangi futhi silwa, okubangela izimpawu ezingathandeki.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-E. coli?

Iningi lezinxeba ze-E. coli liqala ngezinhlungu zesisu nokukhipha okungaba ukusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kokudalulwa, kanti abantu abaningi bazizwa begulisiwe phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-3 kuya kweziyi-4.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu obungaba buhlungu kakhulu
• Ukukhipha amanzi okungaba negazi
• Ukuphefumula nokuhlanza okungahle kube khona
• Ukuqina okuncane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-101°F)
• Ukwehluleka kokudla
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obukhulu

Ukukhipha igazi kungase kuzwakale kuyasabisa, kodwa empeleni yindlela yomzimba wakho yokususa ibhaktheriya eliyingozi. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 njengoba isimo sabo sokuvikela siwina impi.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-E. coli?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-E. coli ezingabangela ukugula, ngayinye inezimpawu nobunzima obuhlukene kancane. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okulindelekile.

Izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-STEC (i-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli): Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke, kuhlanganise nesizukulwane esaziwayo i-O157:H7 esingabangela ukukhipha igazi
• I-ETEC (i-Enterotoxigenic E. coli): Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhipha uhambo" ngoba kuvamile emazweni asathuthuka
• I-EPEC (i-Enteropathogenic E. coli): Ivame kakhulu kubantwana abancane nabantwana abancane
• I-EIEC (i-Enteroinvasive E. coli): Ibangela izimpawu ezifana nokudla okungcolile

Izinhlanga ze-STEC yizo ezenza izindaba ezinkulu ngoba ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nalawa maqembu, abantu abadala abaningi bayaphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kwenzeka lapho izinhlanga ezingozi zingena ohlelweni lwakho lokudayisa ngokudla okungcolile, amanzi, noma ukuxhumana nabantu noma izilwane ezithathelene. Ibhaktheriya liyakhula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifudumele, kungakho ukuphepha kokudla kubaluleke kangaka.

Izindlela ezivamile kakhulu abantu abatholana ngazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla inyama yenkomo ebilisiwe noma ihambaga
• Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi engaphansi noma amajusi
• Ukudla imikhiqizo emisha engagezi kahle (ikakhulukazi i-lettuce, i-spinach, ne-sprouts)
• Ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile emathangeni, ezihlahleni, noma emachibini
• Ukuxhumana nezilwane zefama noma izindawo zokudlala izilwane ngaphandle kokugeza izandla kahle
• Ukusabalala komuntu kuya komuntu ngokungabi kahle kokuziphatha

Inyama yenkomo ikhethekile ngoba inqubo yokugaya ingasabalalisa ibhaktheriya ebusweni kulo lonke inyama. Kungakho ukupheka amahambaga kuya ku-160°F kubaluleke kangaka ukuphepha kwakho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Iningi lezinxeba ze-E. coli liyaphila ngokwalo ngokuphumula namanzi amaningi. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziyanda noma uthola izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo okwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinto eziphuzwayo
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi njengokukhathala, umlomo owomile, noma ukungaphuzi okuncane noma akukho
• Ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-101.5°F
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu
• Igazi ezinyaweni zakho
• Izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto

Shaya u-911 noma uye endlini yokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, noma izimpawu zezinkinga zezinso njengokunciphisa kakhulu ukuphapha noma ukukhula ebusweni noma ezinyaweni.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi yokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Noma ubani angathola ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli, kodwa izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola ukugula noma ukuba nezimpawu ezingathi sína. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe uma kudingeka.

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu uma:

• Uncane kakhulu (ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-5) noma omdala (ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-65)
• Une-immune system ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi
• Uthatha imithi yokunciphisa i-acid eyancipha i-acid yesisu
• Une-chronic kidney disease noma ezinye izimo zempilo eziqhubekayo
• Uhlala noma uvakashela izindawo ezingenayo ukuhlanzeka okuhle
• Usebenza nezilwane noma ekucubunguleni ukudla

Abantwana abancane nabantu abadala ababhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba i-immune system yabo ingalwi nokutheleleka ngokuphumelelayo. Uma ungena eqenjini elingengozi enkulu, ukuba onqabile ngokuphepha kokudla kuba kubaluleke nakakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingahle zenzeke ngokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ngenkathi iningi lezinxeba ze-E. coli liyaphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo, ezinye izimo zingabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu, kodwa kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke.

Inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke yi-hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), ethinta izinso negazi. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe ku-5-10% yabantu abatholene nezinhlanga ze-STEC, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-5 nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-65.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingahle zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukushona amanzi okukhulu: Kusuka ekukhipheni okungapheli nokuhlanza
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso: Ngokuvamile okwesikhashana kodwa kungadingeka i-dialysis
• Izinkinga zokugqwala kwegazi: Ingxenye ye-HUS ethinta ukujikeleza
• Izinkinga zezinzwa: Izinkinga ezingavamile ezihlasela ubuchopho
• I-chronic kidney disease: Umthelela omubi omubi ohlala njalo

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ngisho nalawa maqembu angaphathwa ngempumelelo. Ukuqaphela nokuphatha kwasekuqaleni kuyaqina imiphumela yabantu abathuthukisa izinkinga.

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kungavinjelwa kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuza ekwenzeni imikhuba emihle yokuphepha kokudla nokuhlanzeka. Lezi zinyathelo zilula zinganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola ukugula.

Landela lezi zindlela zokuvimbela eziyisihluthulelo:

• Phekisa inyama yenkomo kuya ku-160°F bese usebenzisa i-thermometer yenyama ukuhlola
• Geza izandla zakho ngokuphelele ngesepu okungenani imizuzwana engama-20, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela nangaphambi kokudla
• Geza zonke izithelo nemifino ngaphansi kwamanzi agijimayo ngaphambi kokudla
• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi engaphansi, amajusi, nama-ciders
• Ungalumi amanzi lapho ugeza ezihlahleni, emachibini, noma emachibini
• Gcina inyama eluhlaza ihlukile kokunye ukudla ngesikhathi sokugcina nokulungiselela
• Hlanza amabhodi okusika nemishini ngamanzi ashisayo, asobayo ngemuva kokuxhumana nenyama eluhlaza

Uma uvakashela emapulazini noma izindawo zokudlala izilwane, geza izandla zakho ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthinta izilwane. Izindawo eziningi manje zinikeza i-hand sanitizer, kodwa isepu namanzi asebenza kangcono uma kutholakala.

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzohlunga ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nesisampula sesitho. Inqubo ilula futhi ikusiza ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya elibangela ukugula kwakho.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

1. Ingxoxo yomlando wezokwelapha mayelana nezimpawu zakho nokudla okusetshenzisiwe muva nje
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola ukushona amanzi nobuhlungu besisu
3. Ukuqoqwa kwesisampula sesitho sokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri
4. Izivivinyo zegazi uma kukhona izinkinga ezithathwa njengokungathandeki

Imiphumela yelabhorethri ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku eziyi-1-3 ukuze ibuye. Ukukhula kwesisu kungakwazi ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lwe-E. coli, okusisiza udokotela wakho ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha nokuthi udinga ukulandelela eduze yini.

Ukuphathwa kokutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kokutheleleka kwe-E. coli kugxile ekusekeleni umzimba wakho ngenkathi ulwa ibhaktheriya ngokwemvelo. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokuphumula, amanzi, nesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho angakuncoma lokhu:

• Ukufakwa kwamanzi: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ama-broths acacile, noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte
• Ukuphumula: Ukupha umzimba wakho amandla okulwa nokutheleleka
• Ukushintsha okuncani kokudla: Ukuqala ngokudla okulula njengoba uzizwa ukhulu
• Ukulandelela izimpawu: Ukubheka izimpawu zezinkinga

Kubalulekile, ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile awanconywa ngezifo ze-E. coli. Empeleni angandisa ingozi yezinkinga ngokwenza ibhaktheriya likhiphe ama-toxins amaningi njengoba lifa.

Imithi yokulwa nokukhipha ngokuvamile iyakugwenywa ngoba inganciphisa inqubo yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokususa ibhaktheriya eliyingozi. Udokotela wakho uzokukhokhela uma lokhu kungafanele.

Indlela yokuphatha ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuhlanganisa ukuhlala unamanzi, ukuphumula, nokudla ukudla okufanele njengoba ukudla kwakho kubuyela. Abantu abaningi bangaphatha izimpawu zabo ngokuphumelelayo ngalezi zindlela zilula.

Gxila kulezi zindlela zokunakekela ekhaya:

• Phuza amanzi amancane, ajwayelekile, ama-broths acacile, noma iziphuzo ze-electrolyte
• Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka ukusiza i-immune system yakho ukusebenza
• Dlela ukudla okulula njenge-toast, irayisi, noma amabhanana uma uzizwa ukulungele
• Gwema ubisi, i-caffeine, utshwala, nokudla okune-fat kuze kube yilapho uphulukile
• Sebenzisa i-heating pad ephansi ngezinhlungu zesisu
• Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho nokungenisa amanzi

Bheka izimpawu zezixwayiso njengokuhlanza okuqhubekayo, ukushona amanzi okukhulu, noma izimpawu ezibi. Themba izinzwa zakho - uma kukhona okubonakala kubi kakhulu, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kudokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle futhi uthola yonke imibuzo yakho. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kulondoloza isikhathi futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuchaneka.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, qoqa lolu lwazi:

• Isikhathi lapho izimpawu zaqala khona nokuthi zishintshile kanjani
• Uhlu lokudla okudliwe esontweni ngaphambi kokugula
• Imininingwane mayelana nokuhamba kwamuva noma ukudalulwa kwezilwane
• Imithi yamanje nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingavumelani
• Imibuzo mayelana nesikhathi sokuphulukisa nokuthi nini okufanele ubuyele emsebenzini noma esikoleni
• Amalungu omndeni noma abaxhumene nabo abanezinkinga ezifanayo

Letha isisampula sesitho uma udokotela wakho ekucela, futhi ungadli noma uthathe imithi engase iphazamise ukuhlolwa ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ethi kulungile.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ngokuvamile kuyizimo ezilawuleka eziziphila ngokwazo ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokukhathalela. Ngenkathi izimpawu zingabi nakho, abantu abaningi abaphilile bayaphila ngokuphelele phakathi nesonto elilodwa.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukwenza ukuphepha kokudla okuhle, ukuhlala unamanzi ngesikhathi sokugula, nokwazi ukuthi nini okufanele ufunane usizo lokwelapha. Izinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela njengokupheka inyama ngokuphelele nokugeza izandla zakho njalo zingavimbela iningi lezinxeba.

Uma ugula, bekezela ngokuphulukisa kwakho futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokukhathalela, ungalindela ukuzizwa njengoba ukhona maduze.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokutheleleka kwe-E. coli

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kungasabalala komuntu kuya komuntu?

Yebo, i-E. coli ingasabalala phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ngokungabi kahle kokuziphatha. Ibhaktheriya lingadlula komuntu kuya komuntu ngezandla ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela. Kungakho ukugeza izandla ngokuphelele ngesepu namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 kubaluleke kangaka. Amalungu omndeni nabakhathalelayo kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile ngokuhlanzeka lapho othile endlini ethathelene.

Ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Iningi lezinxeba ze-E. coli lihlala izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu. Ngokuvamile uzoqala ukuzizwa ukhulu ngosuku lwe-3 noma lwe-4, izimpawu ziyaqina usuku ngalunye. Noma kunjalo, kungathatha izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuze uzizwe ubuyile ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bazizwa bekhathele izinsuku ezimbalwa ngisho nangemuva kokuba ezinye izimpawu ziphele, okuvamile ngokuphelele njengoba umzimba wakho uphulukisa.

Kuphephile yini ukuthatha imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle ngezimpawu ze-E. coli?

Kungcono ukugwema imithi yokulwa nokukhipha njenge-loperamide (Imodium) ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-E. coli ngoba inganciphisa inqubo yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokususa ibhaktheriya eliyingozi. Ngokuqina nobuhlungu bomzimba, i-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abaningi. Noma kunjalo, qiniseka uhlale uxhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma iyiphi imithi, ikakhulukazi uma unezimo zempilo ezihlala njalo noma uthatha imithi yokwelapha.

Ngingabuya nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni ngemuva kokutheleleka kwe-E. coli?

Ngokuvamile ungabuya emsebenzini noma esikoleni uma ungenazo izimpawu okungenani amahora angama-24 futhi uzizwa unamandla ngokwanele ngemisebenzi evamile. Uma usebenza ekuhlinzekeni kokudla, ezinsizakalweni zezempilo, noma ekunakekelweni kwabantwana, umqashi wakho angadingeka ukuhlolwa kwesisu okubi ngaphambi kokubuya. Abantwana kufanele bahlale ekhaya kuze kube yilapho bengasenakukhipha amahora angama-24 ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kubafundi.

Ngingathola ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungathola ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli izikhathi eziningi ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zebhaktheriya. Ukuba nokutheleleka okukodwa akuvikeli ekuthola ukugula ngohlobo oluhlukile esikhathini esizayo. Kungakho ukuqhubeka nokwenza imikhuba emihle yokuphepha kokudla nokuhlanzeka kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakho konke, ngisho nangemuva kokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli.