Iyini i-Ebstein's Anomaly? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Ebstein's anomaly yisimo sengqondo senhliziyo esingavamile ozalwa naso esithinta indlela i-tricuspid valve yakho esebenza ngayo. Le valvu ihlala phakathi kwamakamelo angakwesokudla enhliziyo yakho, futhi uma une-Ebstein's anomaly, ayenzi kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengoba inamakamelo amane aneminyango phakathi kwabo. I-tricuspid valve ingenye yalezo zinyango, futhi ku-Ebstein's anomaly, le nyango ibekwe phansi kunalokho okufanele kube khona futhi ayivaleki ngokukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elithile ligeleza emuva esikhundleni sokuqhubeka phambili enhliziyweni yakho njengoba kufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Ebstein's anomaly?

Izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo zincike ekutheni isimo sakho sibuhlungu kangakanani. Abanye abantu abane-Ebstein's anomaly emaphakathi bazizwa bephilile ngokuphelele futhi abazi lutho ngayo kuze kube yilapho sekukhulu.

Nawa zimpawu ezivame kakhulu abantu abazibona:

• Ukuqina komoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka kalula kunabanye
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emlonyeni wakho, ezinzipeni, noma kwesikhumba (okubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis)
• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo noma ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyagijima
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinkulungeni, noma esiswini
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni

Ezimweni ezinzima, izingane ezintsha zingaba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu njengokubuthakathaka kokuphefumula noma ukudla. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezimpawu ezilula bahlala impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Ebstein's anomaly?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-Ebstein's anomaly ngokusekelwe ekutheni inkinga ye-valve ibuhlungu kangakanani. Uhlobo oluthambile lungase lungabangeli zimpawu nhlobo, kuyilapho uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lungaba yingozi eyingozi ebomini.

Ukuhlukaniswa kusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuthi yini okulindelekile nokuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho. Ezimweni ezilula, i-tricuspid valve isebenza kahle naphezu kokubekwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ezimweni eziphakathi, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka.

I-Ebstein's anomaly ehlisa kakhulu isho ukuthi i-valve ayisebenzi kahle nhlobo, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwegazi. Lo mkhuba udinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ebuntwaneni noma ebuntwaneni ukuze usize inhliziyo yakho isebenze kangcono.

Yini ebangela i-Ebstein's anomaly?

I-Ebstein's anomaly kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo yakho ingathuthuki kahle ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi lokhu kwenzeke asiqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa odokotela baye baqaphela izici eziningana ezingase zidlale indima.

Imikhakha eminingi kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izici ezingase zikhulise ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi i-lithium ye-bipolar disorder
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo
• Izici ze-genetic eziqeda ukuthuthuka kwenhliziyo
• Ukutheleleka yi-viral ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni
• I-diabetes engalawulwa kahle kunina

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma ukhulelwe futhi unezinye zalezi zici zengozi, akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-Ebstein's anomaly. Izingane eziningi ezelwe kumama anezi zici zinempilo ephelele.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-Ebstein's anomaly?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise inkinga yenhliziyo. Ungalindi uma uhlushwa ukuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukukhathala okungavamile okungaphuli ngokuphumula.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ezinkulu njengobuningi obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphumula, noma ukuphelelwa amandla. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kubazali, qaphela izimpawu engwaneni yakho njengokuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubunzima bokuthola ukudla, noma izinkinga zokuphefumula. Izingane ezine-Ebstein's anomaly ehlisa kakhulu zivame ukubonisa izimpawu ezinsukwini zabo zokuqala noma emavikeni okuphila kwazo.

Ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile, ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile uma ukwaziswe ukuthi une-Ebstein's anomaly. Isimo senhliziyo yakho singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Iyini imikhakha yengozi ye-Ebstein's anomaly?

Njengoba i-Ebstein's anomaly isimo ozalwa naso, imikhakha yengozi ikakhulukazi ithonya abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane zabo ezithuthukayo. Ukuqonda le mikhakha kungasiza ekunqobeni nasekutholeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Imikhakha ebalulekile yengozi ihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (kukhulisa ingozi kakhulu)
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingokwemvelo
• Ukuhlushwa yi-diabetes umama okungalawulwa kahle
• Ezinye izimo ze-genetic
• Ubudala obukhulu bomama (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35)
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingakhuphula ingozi, kodwa lezi azivamile. Uma unomlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo noma uthatha imithi engase ithonye ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo yengane yakho, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zokubeka iliso.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-Ebstein's anomaly?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-Ebstein's anomaly baphila impilo evamile, ezinye izinhlanganisela zingase zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amathuba nobunzima bezinhlanganisela kuya ngokuthi isimo sakho sibunzima kangakanani.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zesivinini senhliziyo (arrhythmias) ezingenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye ngokushesha kakhulu, kancane kakhulu, noma ngokungajwayelekile
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ihluleka ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• Ama-blood clots angase enzeke enhliziyweni yakho futhi ahambe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho
• I-Stroke, ikakhulukazi uma unemigwaqo phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo yakho
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa i-cyanosis eqinile (ukubomvu kwesikhumba) ne- paradoxical embolism, lapho ama-blood clots edlula emaphaphwini akho bese eya ngqo ebuchosheni bakho noma kwamanye amalungu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubeka iliso okufanele nokwelashwa, iningi lalezi zinkinga lingathintelwa noma liphathwe kahle. Ukuhlola njalo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni.

Ukungathintelwa kanjani i-Ebstein's anomaly?

Njengoba i-Ebstein's anomaly ingumkhuhlane wokuzalwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuyivimba. Noma kunjalo, uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukugwema imithi engathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-lithium, ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Uma udinga i-lithium ye-bipolar disorder, sebenzisana eduze nodokotela bakho ukuze uqhathanise izingozi nezinzuzo.

Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa okuhle kusiza futhi ekuqedeni ingozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha ama-folic acid supplements, ukulawula isifo sikashukela uma unaso, ukugwema utshwala neziyobisi, nokuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele kokukhulelwa.

Uma unomlando womndeni wezifo zenhliziyo ezingokuzalwa, cabanga ngokwelulekwa ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuqonda izingozi zakho ezithile nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kokukhulelwa kwakho.

I-Ebstein's anomaly ihlonishwa kanjani?

I-Ebstein's anomaly ivame ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo okubonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ibukeka kanjani nokusebenza kwayo. Ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa kwe-ultrasound, ngenkathi ngezinye izikhathi itholakala lapho kuhlolwa izimpawu kamuva ekuphileni.

Izivivinyo eziyinhloko udokotela wakho angase azisebenzise zihlanganisa i-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zenhliziyo yakho. Lo mviwo ungabonisa isikhundla nokusebenza kwe-tricuspid valve yakho ngokucacile.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezisiza zifaka i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola izinga lokushukuma kwenhliziyo yakho, i-X-rays yesifuba ukubona usayizi wenhliziyo yakho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-cardiac MRI ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuthi wenze i-cardiac catheterization ukuthola ukulinganisa okuqondile kokucindezela enhliziyweni yakho.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka ngenhliziyo yengane yakho, i-fetal echocardiography ekhethekile ingavame ukuthola i-Ebstein's anomaly ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuvumela iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lihlele noma iyiphi ukunakekelwa ingane yakho engase iyidinga ngemuva kokubeletha.

Iyini impilo ye-Ebstein's anomaly?

Ukuphathwa kwe-Ebstein's anomaly kuncike ekuthini isimo sakho sibunzima kangakanani kanye nezimpawu ozibhekene nazo. Abantu abaningi abanemiklamo emnene abadingi noma iyiphi impilo ngaphandle kokulandelela okuvamile.

Uma unezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase aqale ngemithi ukusiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba isebenze kangcono. Lezi zingafaka imithi yokulawula izinkinga zokushukuma kwenhliziyo, ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwamanzi, noma ukusiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba ipompe kahle.

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ukucutshungulwa kungase kudingeke. Izindlela zokucutshungulwa zifaka ukulungisa i-tricuspid valve yakho, ukuyishintsha nge-valve yomgunyathi, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho.

Isikhathi sokucutshungulwa kuncike ezimpawu zakho nasekuthini inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani. Abanye abantu badinga ukucutshungulwa ebuntwaneni, kanti abanye bangalinda kuze kube ubukhulu noma bangase bangaludingi nhlobo ukucutshungulwa.

I-cardiologist yakho izosebenza nawe ukuze unqume uhlelo lokuphathwa oluhle kakhulu olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile. Isizathu sihlale ukukusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi uvikele izinkinga ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yempilo engcono kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-Ebstein's anomaly ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-Ebstein's anomaly ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela impilo yakho yonke nokulandela izincomo zikadokotela wakho. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke empeleni ingakusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi ube namandla.

Ukusebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwamandla akho kubalulekile impilo yentliziyo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole izinhlobo nezilinganiso zokuzivocavoca ezikuphephile kuwe. Abantu abaningi abane-Ebstein's anomaly bangabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yomzimba ejwayelekile.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo yentliziyo kungasekele inhlalakahle yakho iyonke. Lokhu kusho izithelo eziningi, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile ngenkathi ugcina usawoti, amafutha agcwele, nokudla okucutshunguliwe.

Qaphela indlela ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku. Gcina umbhalo wanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpahleni zakho, amazinga amandla, noma ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi yakho evamile. Ulwazi olufana nalolu lusiza udokotela wakho ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Ungakhohlwa ngokuvikela ukutheleleka. Abantu abanezimo zentliziyo bangadinga ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo zokwelapha amazinyo noma zezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka entliziyweni.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokwelapha i-cardiology kungakusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho. Qala ngokubhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.

Letha uhlu lwezidakamizwa zakho zonke, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kokuthengiswa ngaphandle kwelayisensi kanye nezinye izithasiselo. Futhi, butha noma yiziphi iziphumo zezivivinyo zangaphambili noma amarekhodi avela kwabanye odokotela obabonile ngesimo sakho sentliziyo.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungafaka imibuzo mayelana nokulinganiselwa kwakho kwemisebenzi, ukuthi udinga nini ukuhlolwa okulandelayo, noma yiziphi izimpawu okufanele zikukhuthaze ukuba ucingo ehhovisi.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ozokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile ekuhambeleni kwakho. Ukuba nomuntu omunye lapho kungase futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo futhi kukusize ucabange ngemibuzo ongayikhohlwa.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando womndeni wakho wezinkinga zentliziyo nanoma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho iyonke kusukela ekuhambeleni kwakho kokugcina. Ulwazi olufana nalolu lusiza udokotela wakho ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Ebstein's anomaly?

I-Ebstein's anomaly yisimo senhliziyo esilawuleka esithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Nakuba kuyinto ozalwa nayo, abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngenxa yokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele nokulandelela.

Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uqonde isimo sakho esithile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yiziphi imisebenzi ephephile, izimpawu okufanele uzilandele, nokuthi nini ukwelashwa kungaba usizo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-Ebstein's anomaly akuchazi impilo yakho. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunaka impilo yakho, ungalandela imigomo yakho futhi ujabulele imisebenzi ebalulekile kuwe.

Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lezokwelapha, thatha imithi yakho njengoba kulotshiwe, futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Indlela yakho esebenzayo yokuphatha impilo yakho yenza umehluko wangempela emiphumeleni yakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-Ebstein's anomaly

Ingabe abantu abane-Ebstein's anomaly bangazivocavoca?

Abantu abaningi abane-Ebstein's anomaly bangazivocavoca, kodwa uhlobo nobukhulu kuncike ekuthini isimo sakho sibunzima kangakanani. Uchwepheshe wakho wezinhliziyo angakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yini ephephile kuwe. Abantu abaningi bangenza imisebenzi evamile njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukujika ibhayisikili, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge ukugwema imidlalo eqinile kakhulu.

Ingabe abesifazane abane-Ebstein's anomaly bangaba nabantwana?

Yebo, abesifazane abaningi abane-Ebstein's anomaly bangaba nokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo. Noma kunjalo, ukukhulelwa kuyafakela ukucindezela okwengeziwe enhliziyweni yakho, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukulandelelwa okukhethekile yi-cardiologist yakho nochwepheshe wokukhulelwa okungozini enkulu. Ikhona ukucwaninga kusengaphambili nokusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-Ebstein's anomaly izobe ibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

I-Ebstein's anomaly ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi liyawohloka. Abanye abantu bahlala beqinile iminyaka noma ngisho nemashumi eminyaka. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba alandelele noma yikuphi ukushintsha futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho uma kudingeka. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokushintsha kuvame ukuvimba izinkinga ezinzima.

Ingabe i-Ebstein's anomaly iyefa?

Nakuba izincazelo eziningi ze-Ebstein's anomaly zenzeka ngokungahleliwe, kungaba nezingxenyekazi ze-genetic. Uma une-Ebstein's anomaly, kunethuba elikhulu lokuba abantwana bakho bangaba nehlobo elithile le-congenital heart defect. Ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho ethile.

Abantu abane-Ebstein's anomaly baphila isikhathi esingakanani?

Umbono wabantu abane-Ebstein's anomaly uthuthukile kakhulu ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwemithi yanamuhla. Abantu abaningi abanemiklamo ephansi kuya kwephakathi baphila isikhathi eside esijwayelekile. Ngisho nalabo abanemiklamo enzima bavame ukwenza kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele. I-prognosis yakho yomuntu siqu ixhomeke ekuqinisweni kwesimo sakho nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.