Ukuthi yini i-Ehrlichiosis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Ehrlichiosis ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya ongakuthola ngokukhonjwa yi-tick, ikakhulukazi yi-lone star ticks ne-blacklegged ticks ezinokulimala. Lesi sifo sivela lapho amabhaktheriya abizwa ngokuthi yi-Ehrlichia engeza egazini lakho futhi ehlasela amangqamuzana omhlophe egazi, okuyingxenye yesistimu yakho yokuvimbela izifo.

Nakuba i-ehrlichiosis ingase ibukeke iyesabekayo, iyakwelashwa ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic uma itholakala ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa, futhi izinkinga ezinzima azivamile uma ukutheleleka kutholakala futhi kuphathwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis?

Izimpawu ze-Ehrlichiosis zivame ukuvela ngemuva kweviki elilodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokukhonjwa yi-tick, yize zingase zivele noma kuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya kwenye inyanga kamuva. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuzwakala njengokuba ne-influenza, okwenza lesi simo sibe nzima ukusibona ekuqaleni.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuthuthumela nokubanda okuvela ngokuzumayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda obungaphenduli kahle ekuphulukiseni ubuhlungu obuthengiswayo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukukhathala okuzwakala kunzima kakhulu kunokukhathala okuvamile
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukwehluleka kokudla
• Ukudideka noma ukuzizwa ungacabangi kahle

Abanye abantu bayathuthukisa isikhumba, yize lokhu kwenzeka kancane kunamanye ama-tick-borne diseases afana ne-Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Isikhumba, uma sivela, sivame ukuvela njengezindawo ezincane, ezilinganayo, ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu.

Emacaleni ambalwa, izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zingase zithuthuke uma ukutheleleka kuqhubeka kungaphathwa. Lezi zingase zihlanganise ukudideka okukhulu, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, izinkinga zokopha, noma izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwamalungu. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinkinga ezinzima azivamile uma i-ehrlichiosis iphethwe ngokufanele ngama-antibiotic.

Yini ebangela i-ehrlichiosis?

I-Ehrlichiosis ibangelwa amabhaktheriya evela emndenini we-Ehrlichia ahlala ngaphakathi kwe-ticks. Uma i-tick enokulimala ikukhonjwa futhi ihlale inamathele amahora amaningana, la mabhaktheriya angangena egazini lakho futhi abangele ukutheleleka.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamabhaktheriya abangela i-ehrlichiosis zihlanganisa:

• I-Ehrlichia chaffeensis, esabalaliswa yi-lone star ticks
• I-Ehrlichia ewingii, nayo esabalaliswa yi-lone star ticks
• I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum, esabalaliswa yi-blacklegged ticks (ebiye ibizwe ngokuthi yi-deer ticks)

Lezi zi-ticks zithola amabhaktheriya lapho zidla izilwane ezinokulimala njenge-deer, izinja, noma izilwane ezincane. Amabhaktheriya ahlala emzimbeni we-tick futhi angadluliselwa kubantu ngesikhathi sokudla igazi esizayo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-ehrlichiosis ayikwazi ukusabalala umuntu komunye ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ukukhokha, noma ukubamba. Ungayithola kuphela ngokukhonjwa yi-tick enokulimala ehlale inamathele esikhumbeni sakho okungenani amahora amaningana.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-ehrlichiosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza phakathi nenyanga yokuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho i-ticks ivame khona, ikakhulukazi uma ukhumbula ukukhonjwa yi-tick. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni kwakho ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuthuthumela, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nokukhathala ngemuva kokubonisana ne-tick. Ungalindi izimpawu zibe zimbi, njengoba i-ehrlichiosis iphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma iqalwa ekuqaleni kokutheleleka.

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima njengokuthuthumela okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-103°F, ukudideka okukhulu, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, noma izimpawu zokopha. Nakuba lezi zinkinga ezinzima zingavamile, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Khumbula ukuthi awudingi ukulinda uthole i-tick emzimbeni wakho ukuze ufunani ukunakekelwa. Abantu abaningi abane-ehrlichiosis abakhumbuli ukubona noma ukususa i-tick, njengoba lezi zidalwa ezincane zingaba ncane njengembewu ye-poppy.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela e-ehrlichiosis?

Ingozi yakho yokuthola i-ehrlichiosis iyanda ngokususelwa lapho uhlala khona, usebenza khona, noma uchitha isikhathi sakho sokuzijabulisa. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaholela ekusenzweni kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma usezindaweni lapho i-ticks ivame khona.

Izici zezwe nezindawo ezikhuphula ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlala noma ukuvakashela eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, nase-mid-Atlantic United States
• Ukuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezinezinkuni, ezinemithi, noma ezinobukhulu
• Ukukama, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuzingela, noma ukulima ezindaweni ezihlala i-ticks
• Ukuba nezilwane ezifuywayo ezichitha isikhathi ngaphandle futhi zingase zizise i-ticks ekhaya

Izici zomuntu siqu zingase futhi zithinte ingozi yakho. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 bavame ukuthola i-ehrlichiosis kaningi, mhlawumbe ngoba bachitha isikhathi esiningi emisebenzini yangaphandle. Amadoda ahlonishwa nge-ehrlichiosis kancane kunabesifazane, mhlawumbe ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okutholakala emisebenzini yangaphandle nokusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo.

Uma unesimiso sokuvikela izifo esibuthakathaka ngenxa yemithi, izimo zezokwelapha, noma ukwelashwa njenge-chemotherapy, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yezimpawu ezinzima uma uthola i-ehrlichiosis.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-ehrlichiosis?

Abantu abaningi abane-ehrlichiosis bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okuqondile kwama-antibiotic, kodwa izinkinga zingase zithuthuke uma ukutheleleka kungaphathwa noma kungatholakali ngokushesha. Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu kubantu abanesimiso sokuvikela izifo esibuthakathaka noma ezinye izimo zezempilo.

Izinkinga ezingase zithuthuke zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula, kuhlanganise ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma i-pneumonia
• Izifo zokopha ngenxa yebali eliphansi le-platelet
• Ukusebenza okungalungile noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, kuhlanganise nokuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa eziyinhloko njenge-seizures noma i-coma
• Ukutheleleka okubili ngenxa yesistimu sokuvikela izifo esibuthakathaka

Emacaleni ambalwa, i-ehrlichiosis engaphathwa ingaba yingozi eyingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala noma abantu abanesimiso sokuvikela izifo esibuthakathaka. Noma kunjalo, ngokuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa okuqondile kwama-antibiotic, iningi labantu liyaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezinzima azivamile uma i-ehrlichiosis iphethwe ngokufanele. Kungakho ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ngemuva kokubonisana ne-tick kubaluleke kangaka.

I-ehrlichiosis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-ehrlichiosis kugxile ekugwemeni ukukhonjwa yi-ticks nokukhipha ngokushesha noma iyiphi i-ticks ehlala inamathele emzimbeni wakho. Njengoba kungekho sihlungu se-ehrlichiosis, lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela yilona khona isixhobo sakho esingcono kakhulu sokuvikela ukutheleleka.

Uma uchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho i-ticks ingase ibe khona, ungazivikela ngokuthi:

• Ubeke ibhulukwe eziyinde namahembe amade, okukhethwa kukho okukhanyayo ukuze ukwazi ukubona i-ticks kalula
• Ufake ibhulukwe zakho ezokisini zakho ukuze udale isikhinga
• Usebenzise i-insect repellents ebhalisiwe yi-EPA ehlanganisa i-DEET esikhumbeni esikhombile
• Ubeke impahla nezinsimbi ngemikhiqizo ehlanganisa i-permethrin
• Uhlale emizileni emakwe futhi ugweme izindawo ezinemithi, ezikhulu uma kungenzeka

Ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle, hlola umzimba wakho wonke nge-ticks, uqaphele izindawo ezinjengentloko yakho, ngemuva kwezindlebe zakho, ngaphansi kwamakhanda, ne-groin. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola impahla yakho nanoma yiziphi izilwane ezifuywayo ezazi nawe.

Uma uthola i-tick enamathele esikhumbeni sakho, uyisuse ngokushesha usebenzisa i-tweezers eneziphetho ezincane. Bamba i-tick eduze nesikhumba sakho ngangokunokwenzeka bese udonsela phezulu ngomgomo ozinzile. Hlanza indawo yokukhonjwa ngesepha namanzi noma i-rubbing alcohol ngemuva kwalokho.

I-ehrlichiosis ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuthola i-ehrlichiosis kungaba inselele ngoba izimpawu zayo zokuqala zifana kakhulu namanye ama-illnesses, kuhlanganise ne-influenza. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokubuza ngemisebenzi yakho yakamuva, ikakhulukazi noma yisiphi isikhathi esichithwe ngaphandle ezindaweni lapho i-ticks ivame khona.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. Lezi zivivinyo zingase zihlanganise ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele, okuvame ukubonisa inani eliphansi lamangqamuzana omhlophe egazi, inani eliphansi le-platelet, nama-enzymes esibindi aphezulu kubantu abane-ehrlichiosis.

Izivivinyo ezithile zingase zithole amabhaktheriya e-ehrlichiosis noma impendulo yesistimu yakho yokuvimbela izifo kuwo. Lezi zihlanganisa izivivinyo ze-PCR ezifuna i-bacterial DNA nezivivinyo ze-antibody ezifuna impendulo yesistimu yakho yokuvimbela izifo ekuthelelekeni. Noma kunjalo, izivivinyo ze-antibody zingase zingabonisi imiphumela emihle evikini lokuqala lesifo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase aqhube ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic ngokususelwa ezimpawu zakho nezici ezingaholela ekusenzweni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuvivinya ibuye. Le ndlela inengqondo ngoba ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile, futhi ukulinda imiphumela yokuvivinya kungase kulibale ukunakekelwa okubalulekile.

Ukuphathwa kwe-ehrlichiosis yini?

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kwe-ehrlichiosis yi-antibiotics, ikakhulukazi i-doxycycline, ephumelela kakhulu ekulweni namabhaktheriya abangela lokhu kutheleleka. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokubhalela i-doxycycline izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-14, kuye ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani nokuthi uphendula ngokushesha kangakanani ekwelapheni. Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke inkambo yama-antibiotic, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ukhulu ngaphambi kokuphela kwamapilisi onke.

Kubantu abangenakuthatha i-doxycycline, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe noma labo abane-allergies ezithile, ama-antibiotic ahlukile afana ne-rifampin angase asebenziswe. Noma kunjalo, i-doxycycline ihlala iyilona khona ukwelashwa okuqala ngoba iphumelela kakhulu ekulweni namabhaktheriya e-ehrlichiosis.

Abantu abaningi abane-ehrlichiosis bangaphathwa ekhaya ngama-antibiotic omhlathi. Noma kunjalo, uma unezimpawu ezinzima noma izinkinga, ungase udinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze uthole ama-antibiotic e-intravenous nokusekelwa kokunakekelwa njenge-IV fluids noma ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamalungu.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis ekhaya?

Nakuba ukuthatha ama-antibiotic akubhaliwe kuyona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usize ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokusekela ukubuyela kwakho. Ukuphumula nokugcina umzimba uqinisile kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka.

Ngokuthuthumela nobuhlungu bomzimba, ungasebenzisa imithi ethengiswayo njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen, ulandele imiyalo yephakheji. Lezi zingakusiza uzizwe ukhulu ngenkathi ama-antibiotic esebenza ekuhlanzweni kokutheleleka.

Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi amanzi, ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokuthuthumela nokukusiza umzimba wakho ukuba ususe ukutheleleka. Ukudla ukudla okulula, okulula ukuqeda kungakusiza uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula noma ukwehluleka kokudla.

Ukuphumula ngokwanele kubalulekile ukuze isimiso sakho sokuvikela izifo silwe ngokuphumelelayo nokutheleleka. Ungazicinisi ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha kakhulu – nikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuphulukana ngokuphelele.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma zibe zimbi noma zingathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic. Abantu abaningi baphawula ukuthuthuka okukhulu phakathi kwamahora angu-48 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Faka imininingwane mayelana nanoma yimiphi imisebenzi yakamuva yangaphandle, uhambo, noma ukubonisana ne-tick, njengoba lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuhlola ingozi yakho ye-ehrlichiosis.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo njengamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi ethengiswayo nezinhlanganisela. Futhi, qaphela noma yiziphi i-allergies onayo emithini, njengoba lokhu kuthinta ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic udokotela wakho angakubhalela ngokuphepha.

Uma uthole futhi ususe i-tick, zama ukukhumbula ukuthi kwenzeke nini futhi kuphi. Uma ugcine i-tick, yilethe nawe ekhoneni elivaliwe – lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungasiza ngokuxilongwa, yize kungadingeki ekwelapheni.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi kufanele ulinde isikhathi esingakanani uzizwe ugula, nini ongabuyela emsebenzini noma emisebenzini evamile, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezifanele zikukhuthaze ukuba ufunani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana ne-ehrlichiosis?

I-Ehrlichiosis ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya okwelashwa okudluliselwa ngokukhonjwa yi-ticks okuphendula kahle ekwelapheni kwama-antibiotic uma kutholakala ngokushesha. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthi ukuvimbela ngokugwema i-ticks yilona khona isixhobo sakho esingcono kakhulu sokuvikela, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngemuva kokubonisana ne-tick kungavimbela izinkinga ezinzima.

Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho i-ticks ivame khona, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho, ngisho noma ungakhumbuli ukukhonjwa. Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa nge-doxycycline kuvame ukuholela ekubuyeleni okuphelele phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele uma ungaphandle nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma izimpawu zivele, ungazivikela wena nomndeni wakho kuleli gciwane le-tick-borne. Khumbula ukuthi i-ehrlichiosis iyakwazi ukugwemeka futhi iyakwelashwa ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-ehrlichiosis

Ungayithola yini i-ehrlichiosis ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungayithola i-ehrlichiosis izikhathi eziningi ngoba ukuba nesifo kanye akuhlinzeki ngokukhululeka isikhathi eside. Ukuqina kwe-tick ngakunye okufaka amabhaktheriya e-ehrlichia kuveza ingozi entsha yokutheleleka, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ngisho noma uke waba ne-ehrlichiosis ngaphambili.

I-tick kufanele inamathele isikhathi esingakanani ukuze idlulise i-ehrlichiosis?

I-Ticks ivame ukudinga ukunamathela okungenani amahora amaningana ukuze idlulise amabhaktheriya e-ehrlichiosis, yize isikhathi esiqondile singaziwa ngokuqondile. Kungakho ukuhlola i-ticks nsuku zonke nokukhipha ngokushesha kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Isikhathi eside i-tick ihlala inamathele, ingozi yakho iyanda.

Ingabe kukhona isihlungu se-ehrlichiosis?

Cha, njengamanje akukho sihlungu esitholakala se-ehrlichiosis. Ukuvimbela kuxhomeke ngokuphelele ekugwemeni ukukhonjwa yi-ticks ngempahla eyivikelo, i-repellents, nokwazi imvelo. Abacwaningi baqhubeka becwaninga ngezinhlungu ezingase zibe khona, kodwa azikho ezitholakalayo zokusetshenziswa kwabantu ngalesi sikhathi.

Ingabe izilwane ezifuywayo zingayithola i-ehrlichiosis futhi ziyinike kubantu?

Izilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izinja, zingayithola i-ehrlichiosis ngokukhonjwa yi-ticks, kodwa azikwazi ukudlulisela ukutheleleka kubantu ngokuqondile. Noma kunjalo, izilwane ezifuywayo zingaletha i-ticks enokulimala ekhaya lakho, okungase kube khona ukukhonjwa amalungu omndeni. Ukugcina izilwane ezifuywayo emithini yokuvikela i-ticks kusiza ukuvikela kokubili izilwane zakho nomndeni wakho.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ehrlichiosis ne-Lyme disease?

Zombili ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya okutholakala nge-ticks, kodwa kubangelwa amabhaktheriya ahlukene futhi zinazimpawu ezithile ezihlukene. I-Ehrlichiosis ayivamile ukubangela isikhumba esiqinisekile se-bull's-eye esivame kakhulu nge-Lyme disease, futhi izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis zivame ukufana ne-influenza. Zombili ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni kwama-antibiotic uma kutholakala ngokushesha.