Ehrlichiosis Ne-Anaplasmosis

I-Ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis yizifo ezifana nezimbangela eziphathwa yizikhuhlane ezingenza izimpawu ezifana ne-influwenza, kufaka phakathi ukushisa, ukuhlunguluka kwemisipha kanye nokuhlunguluka kwekhanda. Izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis zivame ukuvela phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kokulunywa yisikhuhlane.

Uma kuphathwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotics afanele, cishe uzophulukana phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. I-Ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis ezingaphathwanga zingabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína noma ezisongela impilo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lezi zifo ukugwema ukulunywa yizikhuhlane. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokugwema izikhuhlane, ukuhlola umzimba ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuba ngaphandle nokususa izikhuhlane ngendlela efanele yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivimbela kulezi zifo ezithwalwa yizikhuhlane.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis zivame ukufana, nakuba ngokuvamile zibuhlungu kakhulu ku-ehrlichiosis. Izimpawu ze-ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis, ezihlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye, zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthuthumela okulinganiselwe
• Ukuthandaza
• Ukuphathwa kwekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ubuhlungu
• Ukuzizwa okukhulu kokungaphili kahle
• Ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba
• Ukuphefumula
• Ukugabha
• Isifo sohudo
• Ukwehluleka kokudla

Izimpawu ezengeziwe nezimpawu ezihambisana ne-ehrlichiosis kodwa ngokungavamile nge-anaplasmosis zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphazamiseka noma ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo
• Ukukhishwa

abantu abathile bangatheleleka futhi bangavezi izimpawu.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokulunywa yi-tick nokuqala ukubonisa izimpawu nezinkinga sivame ukuba izinsuku eziyi-5 kuya kweziyi-14. Uma uthola noma iyiphi izimpawu noma izinkinga ngemva kokulunywa yi-tick noma ngemva kokuboshwa yi-tick, vakashela udokotela wakho.

I-tick yabesifazane elikhulileyo le-Lone Star libonisa ibala elimhlophe eliqondene emhlane walo, futhi lingakhula libe likhulu njenge-1/3 ye-intshi ngaphambi kokudla.

I-tick ye-deer (Ixodes scapularis) iya ngezigaba ezintathu zobomi. Eboniswe kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla yiwesifazane olikhulileyo, owesilisa olikhulileyo, i-nymph ne-larva kumakhasi esentimitha.

I-Ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis kubangelwa yibhaktheriya ezahlukene.

I-Ehrlichiosis ibangelwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zebhaktheriya ye-ehrlichia. I-Lone Star tick—etholakala emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga, empumalanga-Ningizimu nasempumalanga elwandle—iyindlela ephambili yokuthwala ibhaktheriya ebangela i-ehrlichiosis. I-ticks ezinyaweni ezimnyama, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-deer ticks, e-Upper Midwest zingezithwali ezivamile.

Anaplasmosis ibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Ithwalwa ikakhulu yi-deer ticks e-Upper Midwest, emazweni aseNyakatho-mpumalanga nasezifundazweni eziphakathi zaseCanada. Ithwalwa futhi yi-Western black-legged tick emazweni aseNingizimu-ntshonalanga nasezinye izinhlobo ze-tick eYurophu nase-Asia.

Izinhlobo ze-ehrlichia ne-anaplasma ziyinxalenye yomndeni ofanayo webhaktheriya. Nakuba ibhaktheriya ngayinye ibonakala inenhloso ethile phakathi kwamaseli esistimu yokulwa nezifo kumuntu, zonke lezi zinto ezibangela ukutheleleka zibangela izimpawu ezifanayo.

I-Ticks idla igazi ngokubambelela kumuntu bese idla kuze kube yilapho iphezulu kakhulu kunokulinganisela kwayo okujwayelekile. I-Ticks ingathola ibhaktheriya kumuntu, njenge-deer, bese isakaza ibhaktheriya kwenye into ephilayo, njengomuntu. Ukusakazwa kwebhaktheriya kusuka kwi-tick kuya kumuntu cishe kwenzeka ngemva kwamahora angu-24 i-tick isiqalile ukudla.

Ukubhebhetheka kwebhaktheriya ebangela i-ehrlichiosis noma i-anaplasmosis kungenzeka ngokudlulisela igazi, kusuka kunina kuya esithweni, noma ngokuxhumana ngqo nesilwane esithintekile, esibulwe.

Izikhuhlane zihlala eduze komhlaba ezindaweni ezinemithi noma ezinemifino. Azindizi noma aziluphuki, ngakho-ke zingafinyelela kuphela umuntu oziqabula. Izinto ezenza ukuba ube sengozini yokulunywa yisikhuhlane zifaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ngaphandle ezinyangeni zasebusika eziqhakazile zasebusika
• Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ezindaweni ezinemithi, njengokukama, ukuhamba noma ukuzingela
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezishiya isikhumba sakho sivuliwe endaweni efanelekile yizikhuhlane

Uma kungeniwa ukwelashwa okusheshayo, i-ehrlichiosis ne-anaplasmosis zingaba nemiphumela emibi kumuntu omkhulu noma ingane enempilo. Abantu abanesistimu yomzimba ebuthakathaka banengozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezingathi sína nezibulalayo.

Izinkinga zokutheleleka okungenakwelashwa zingafaka:

• Ukwehluleka kwempilo yokukhipha amanzi
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukonakala kobuchopho
• Ukubamba
• I-coma
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa ukutheleleka

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema i-ehrlichiosis noma i-anaplasmosis ukugwema ukukhonjwa yizikhonkwane uma ungaphandle. Izikhonkwane eziningi ziyanamathela emilenzeni yakho nasezinyaweni zakho njengoba uhamba noma usebenza ezindaweni ezinemifino, ezihlambulukile noma emasimini amakhulu. Ngemva kokuba isicubu sinamathele emzimbeni wakho, ngokuvamile siyakhuphuka ukuze sifune indawo yokumba esikhunwini sakho. Uma uzosebenza noma udlale endaweni engumthombo wezikhonkwane, landela lezi zeluleko ukuze uzivikele. Jeff Olsen: Ngenkathi ujabulela ukuhamba, izikhonkwane zifuna ukuhamba. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: Ziyabekela endaweni. Futhi ziyakhuphuka entweni eseduze, njengaleli banga legazi lapha. Jeff Olsen: Kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlola. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: Linamathela imilenze yalo, futhi lokho liyavumela ukubamba abaphathi njengoba behamba. Jeff Olsen: Unganciphisa amathuba okuthi ube yisiphathi. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zezinambuzane kuyiyona idea enhle. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: Ungagcwalisa ngempela imishini yakho. Uyishiye iome, bese, ngosuku olulandelayo, uyigqoke. Jeff Olsen: Sebenzisa i-permethrin ezintweni kanye ne-DEET ebuswini. Faka i-DEET repellent esikhunwini esiveziwe, kufaka phakathi imilenze yakho nezandla. Gwema ubuso bakho, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uvikele intamo yakho. Bese, faka ipants yakho ezokisini zakho. Futhi, ekuhambeni kwakho, khumbula ukugwema izindawo lapho lezo zikhonkwane ezihlola zingaba khona. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: Kungakho ufuna ukudebesela utshani olude. Hlala phakathi.

• Faka izingubo zakho zangaphandle, izicathulo, itende noma ezinye izinto zokukhempeni nge-repellent enama-0.5% permethrin. Ezinye izinto kanye nezingubo zingase zibe zilungisiwe nge-permethrin.
• Sebenzisa i-insect repellent ebhalisiwe ne-Environmental Protection Agency kunoma yiluphi ukhuni oluvezwe, ngaphandle kobuso bakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto eziphambene eziqukethe i-DEET, i-picaridin, i-IR3535, i-oyili ye-lemon eucalyptus (OLE), i-para-menthane-diol (PMD) noma i-2-undecanone.
• Ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo ene-OLE noma i-PMD kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3.
• Gqoka izingubo ezimnyama ezilula ezenza kube lula kuwe noma kwabanye ukubona izikhonkwane ezingutsheni zakho ngaphambi kokuba zikhonjwe.
• Gwema izicathulo ezingavaliwe noma amasandali.
• Gqoka ihembe elide elikhulu elivalwe emapantsini akho kanye ne-pants elide elikhulu elivalwe ezokisini zakho.
• Geza ngokushesha okukhulu ukugeza noma yiziphi izikhonkwane eziqondile bese uhlola izikhonkwane ezingase zibe zibumile.
• Sebenzisa isibuko ukuhlola umzimba wakho ngokuphelele. Qaphela ama-underarms akho, izinwele kanye ne-hairline, izindlebe, uhlangothi, phakathi kwemilenze yakho, ngemuva kwamadolo akho, nangaphakathi kwesibindi sakho.
• Hlola imishini yakho. Omisa izingubo zakho nemishini yakho eshisayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ukubulala izikhonkwane ngaphambi kokuzicoca.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kwezikhonkwane kunoma yiluphi isilwane esichitha isikhathi ngaphandle.
• Hlala ezindleleni ezicacile ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni ezihlambulukile nezinemifino.

Ukutheleleka okuthwalwa yizikhuhlane kunzima ukutholakala ngokusekelwe kuphela ezimpawu nasezimpawu ngoba kufana nezinye izimo eziningi ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, umlando wokulunywa yisikhuhlane esaziwayo noma ukukhombisa okungenzeka kwezikhuhlane yingxenye ebalulekile yolwazi ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba bese u-oda ukuhlolwa.

Uma une-ehrlichiosis noma i-anaplasmosis, imiphumela elandelayo cishe itholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi:

• Inani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi, angamaseli alwa nezifo zesimiso somzimba
• Inani eliphansi lamaseli e-platelet egazi, abalulekile ekwenzeni igazi libe yi-clotting
• Ama-enzyme aphezulu e-liver angabonisa ukusebenza okungalungile kwe-liver

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kungabonisa futhi ukutheleleka okuthwalwa yizikhuhlane ngokuthola okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• I-genes ezithile ezihlukile kubhaktheriya
• Ama-antibodies ebhaktheriya adalwe yisimiso sakho somzimba

Uma udokotela wakho ekwazile ukuthola isifo se-ehrlichiosis noma i-anaplasmosis — noma uma engabaza ngokuxilonga ngenxa yezimpawu nezibonakaliso zezokwelapha — uzokwelashwa nge-antibiotic i-doxycycline (Doryx, Vibramycin, nezinye).

Uzoyithatha imithi okungenani izinsuku ezintathu ngemva kokuba ungasabi i-fever futhi udokotela wakho ebona ukuthuthuka kwezinye izimpawu zesifo. Ukwelashwa okuncane kungamaviki amahlanu kuya kwawasikhombisa. Ukugula okukhulu kungadinga amasonto amabili kuya kwamathree ekwelashweni nge-antibiotic.

Uma ukhulelwe noma unayo i-allergy ku-doxycycline, udokotela wakho angakunika i-antibiotic i-rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, nezinye).

Uma uthola isikhuthuli emzimbeni wakho, ungesabi. Ukususa isikhuthuli ngokushesha kuyindlela enhle yokuzivimbela ekudluliselweni kwezifo. Landela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Imigqomo. Gqoka imiqomo yezokwelapha noma imiqomo efanayo uma kungenzeka ukuvikela izandla zakho.
• Izikhali. Sebenzisa izikhali ezineminwe emihle ukuze ubambe isikhuthuli ngokuqinile eduze kwekhanda layo noma emlonyeni, futhi eduze kwesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukususa. Donsa umzimba wesikhuthuli kude nesikhumba sakho ngokuqhubekayo nangokuthambile ngaphandle kokukuqhaqhazela noma ukuwuguqula. Uma ingxenye yomlomo isala, isuse ngezikhali ezihlanzekile.
• Ukugcinwa. Isikhuthuli lingahlolwa kamuva uma ucindezela ukutheleleka. Faka isikhuthuli esibhodweni, ulibhale ngosuku, bese ulibeka efrijini.
• Ukuhlanza. Sebenzisa insipho namanzi ukuze ugeze izandla zakho ngemva kokuphatha isikhuthuli nasesikhaleni sokuthukuthela. Hlanza indawo nezandla zakho ngokuthi ufake utshwala oluhlanzekile.

Ungafaki ijeli yepetroliyam, i-fingernail polish, utshwala oluhlanzekile noma umlilo oshisayo esikhuthulini.

I-bump encane, ebomvu, efana ne-bump yokuluma komashi, ivame ukuvela endaweni yokuluma isikhuthuli noma ukususa isikhuthuli futhi iphele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuyinto evamile futhi akufanele kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Uma uhlushwa ukucasuka okuqhubekayo endaweni noma uhlushwa yizimpawu noma izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukutheleleka okudluliselwa yizikhuthuli, xhumana nodokotela wakho.