Ukuthi yini i-Eisenmenger Syndrome? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Eisenmenger syndrome yisimo esinzima senhliziyo esivelela lapho i-hole enhliziyweni yakho iholela ekubeni igazi ligeleze ngendlela engafanele. Lokhu kugeleza emuva ekugcineni kulimaza imithambo yegazi yephango lakho, okwenza kube nzima enhliziyweni yakho ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo.

Okwenza lesi simo sibe yingqayizivele ukuthi empeleni siqala njengoba kune-problem eyodwa kodwa siphenduka kwenye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uzalwa une-defect yenhliziyo evumela igazi elicebile nge-oksijini nelinganayo ukuxuba, kepha amaphango akho ekuqaleni abhekene nokugeleza okwengeziwe kwegazi. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka, imithambo yegazi yamaphango akho iqala ukulwa nokugeleza okungalungile, idala uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezishintsha indlela yonke i-cardiovascular system yakho esebenza ngayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Isimpawu esiqaphelekayo kakhulu yibala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olusendaweni yakho, emlonyeni, noma ezinzipeni zakho, okuthiwa yi-cyanosis. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba igazi elingena-oksijini eyanele ligeleza emzimbeni wakho esikhundleni sokuhlanzwa kahle ngamapango akho kuqala.

Njengoba inhliziyo yakho isebenza nzima ukuze ihlanganise, cishe uzobhekana nezinye izimpawu eziningi ezingathinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke:

• Ukuqina kokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ukuzivocavoca
• Ukukhathala okubonakala kungaphezu kwaleyo ezingeni lomsebenzi wakho
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuma ngokushesha
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinzwini, noma ezinyaweni
• Ukuqina kwezinzipi nezinzwani (iziphetho ziyaba yizicucu futhi zikhulu)

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kancane kancane, okusho ukuthi ungase ungaziboni ngokushesha. Umuthi wakho unekhono elimangalisayo lokuzihlanganisela, kodwa ekugcineni ukucindezeleka kuba lukhulu kakhulu ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele.

Yini ebangela i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ihlale iqala nge-defect yenhliziyo ezelwe nayo, okusho ukuthi uzalwa une-problem yesakhiwo enhliziyweni yakho. I-defects eziyinhloko ezibangela izinkinga zidala ukuxhumana okungalungile phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo yakho noma imithambo yegazi ebalulekile.

Nawa ama-defect enhliziyo avame ukubangela i-Eisenmenger syndrome:

• I-Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - i-hole phakathi kwamakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo
• I-Atrial septal defect (ASD) - i-hole phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - lapho umthambo wegazi okufanele uvale ngemva kokuzalwa uhlala uvulekile
• I-Atrioventricular septal defect - ama-hole athinta kokubili amakamelo aphezulu naphansi
• I-Truncus arteriosus - lapho umthambo omkhulu wegazi uvela enhliziyweni esikhundleni samibili ahlukene

Okuguqula lezi defects zibe yi-Eisenmenger syndrome yisikhathi nokucindezela. Ekuqaleni, igazi ligeleza ohlangothini lwesobunxele lenhliziyo yakho (ukucindezela okuphezulu) kuya ohlangothini lwesokudla (ukucindezela okuphansi) ngalezi zingqimba ezingajwayelekile. Lo mgomo owengeziwe wegazi ucindezela amaphango akho ukuba asebenze nzima, futhi ngezinyanga noma iminyaka, imithambo yegazi emaphangweni akho iba yiyona futhi eqinile ukuze izivikele.

Ekugcineni, ukucindezela emaphangweni akho kuba phezulu kangangokuba kudlula ukucindezela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lenhliziyo yakho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukugeleza kwegazi kuguqula ukuqondisa, futhi igazi elingena-oksijini eyanele liqala ukuxuba negazi elicebile nge-oksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubhekana nokuqina kokuphefumula okungazelelwe, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukulahlekelwa uqaphelo. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi isimo sakho siyasiba sibi noma ukuthi uthuthukisa izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukubona udokotela wakho njalo uma uqaphela izinguquko ezincane emazingeni akho amandla noma ukukhuthazeka kokuzivocavoca. Ngisho nokuhluka okuncane endleleni ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke kungakunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nendlela inhliziyo yakho namaphango akho aphatha ngayo.

Uma une-defect yenhliziyo eyaziwayo kusukela ekuzalweni, ukugcina izivivinyo zokulandelela njalo kubalulekile ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokucindezela kwamapango okuqhubekayo ngezinye izikhathi kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwe-Eisenmenger syndrome ngokusebenta ngesikhathi sokusebenta.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Eisenmenger syndrome?

I-risk factor ephambili ukuba uzalwe ngezinhlobo ezithile zama-defect enhliziyo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenza ukuxhumana okungalungile phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene ze-cardiovascular system yakho. Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi defects ozophumelela yi-Eisenmenger syndrome.

Izici eziningi zingathinta ukuthi i-defect yenhliziyo iqhubekela phambili kuya kwi-Eisenmenger syndrome:

• Ubukhulu nendawo ye-defect yenhliziyo - ama-defect amakhulu avumela ukugeleza okwengeziwe kwegazi okungalungile
• Iminyaka lapho i-defect itholakala futhi iwelashwa - ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuvame ukuvimbela ukuqhubekela phambili
• Impilo yonke ngesikhathi sobuntwana nokuqina
• Ukuba khona kwezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezandisa ubunzima
• Ukuphila endaweni ephakeme, lapho amazinga e-oksijini aphansi ebekela inhliziyo namaphango ukucindezela okwengeziwe

I-genetics ingase futhi ibe nendima, njengoba imindeni eminye inezilinganiso eziphezulu zama-defect enhliziyo ezelwe nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengokugula kweswekile kwabazali noma ukukhombisa imithi ethile, kungandisa amathuba ama-defect enhliziyo kubantwana.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kwi-Eisenmenger syndrome?

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ingathinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba ngoba wonke umzimba wakho awutholi igazi elicebile nge-oksijini eyanele. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu zokuqaphela futhi usebenze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuze uvimbele noma uphathe ngokuphumelelayo.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukungahambi kahle kokushaya kwenhliziyo (arrhythmias) okungabangela ukushona kwenhliziyo noma izehlakalo zenhliziyo ezingalindelekile
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo njengoba umsipha wenhliziyo yakho ubuthakathaka eminyakeni eminingi yomsebenzi owengeziwe
• Ama-blood clots angahambela emaphangweni akho, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izitho
• I-Stroke, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abasebancane abanesimo
• Izinkinga zezinso ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okuncane nokunikezwa kwe-oksijini
• I-Gout ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-uric acid
• Ama-Gallstones, avela ngokukhulu kubantu abanesimo senhliziyo esingapheli

Ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa izinkinga zokopha ngenxa yezinto ezingajwayelekile zokugqwala kwegazi, nokutheleleka kwama-valve enhliziyo (endocarditis). Ukukhulelwa kubangela ubungozi obukhulu kubesifazane abane-Eisenmenger syndrome futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekuqeqeshweni kweqembu lochwepheshe.

Nakuba lo luhlu lungase lubonakale lukhulu, abantu abaningi abane-Eisenmenger syndrome baphila impilo ezele ngokusebenzisana eduze neqembu labo lezokwelapha nokwenza ukulungiswa okufanele kwesitayela sempilo.

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukuqala ngodokotela wakho olalele inhliziyo yakho namaphango akho, efuna imisindo ethile futhi ahlole umbala wesikhumba sakho nezinzipi zakho. Bazophinde babe nemibuzo eminingi mayelana nezimpawu zakho nanoma yimuphi umlando wezinkinga zenhliziyo kusukela ekuzalweni.

Izivivinyo eziningi zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa nokulinganisa ukuthi isimo sakho sibe sibi kangakanani. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe ezihamba phambili zenhliziyo yakho, ebonisa isakhiwo nomsebenzi wamakamelo enhliziyo yakho nama-valve. Lo mviwo ungaveza i-defect yokuqala yenhliziyo futhi ulinganise ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yakho ye-cardiovascular. I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ibhalisa umsebenzi womgogodla wenhliziyo yakho futhi ingathola izinkinga zokulingana noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka. Izithombe ze-X-ray zesifuba zibonisa ubukhulu nokuma kwenhliziyo yakho namaphango akho, kuyilapho izivivinyo zegazi zilinganisa amazinga e-oksijini futhi zibuke izinkinga ezinye.

Kwezinye izimo, izivivinyo ezikhethekile njenge-cardiac catheterization kungase kudingeke. Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka umthambo omncane ngemithambo yegazi yakho ukuze uqondise ukulinganisa ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho namaphango akho, unikeze ukulinganisa okuchane kakhulu kobunzima besimo sakho.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Eisenmenger syndrome?

Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga kunokwelapha isimo esiyinhloko. Uma i-Eisenmenger syndrome isithuthukile ngokuphelele, izinguquko emithambweni yegazi yamaphango akho zivame ukuba zihlala njalo, okwenza ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwe-defect yokuqala yenhliziyo kube yingozi kakhulu.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizokunikeza imithi ukuze isize inhliziyo yakho isebenze kahle futhi inciphise izimpawu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi ephumula imithambo yegazi emaphangweni akho, esiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba ishaye kahle, noma ukuvimbela ama-blood clots ukuba enze.

Kubantu abanezibonakaliso ezinkulu, ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kungase kubhekwe:

• I-Oxygen therapy ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini egazini lakho
• Imithi eklanywe ngokukhethekile ukwelapha i-pulmonary hypertension
• Izindlela zokususa amaseli egazi abomvu amaningi uma umzimba wakho wenza amaningi kakhulu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo nemiphunga ezimweni ezikhethiwe ngokucophelela

Ukulandelela njalo kubalulekile ngoba isimo sakho singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lizoshintsha ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe endleleni ozizwa ngayo nokuthi izivivinyo zakho zibonisa ini, njalo sihlose ukukusiza ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo engcono kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-Eisenmenger syndrome ekhaya?

Ukuphila kahle ne-Eisenmenger syndrome kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo eziqondakalayo mayelana nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngenkathi uhlala usebenza ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Isifiso ukufumana ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokugcina ukufaneleka kwakho nokugwema ukusebenza okukhulu okungenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi.

Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kube lula futhi kuqondiswe ukuthi uzizwa kanjani usuku ngalunye. Ukuhamba, ukugeza okulula, noma ukuqina okulula kungasiza ukugcina amandla akho ngaphandle kokubeka ukucindezela okukhulu enhliziyweni yakho namaphango akho. Qaphela izimpawu zomzimba wakho futhi uphumule uma uzizwa uqina kokuphefumula noma ukhathele.

Umkhuba wakho wansuku zonke ungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo. Hlala uthambile kodwa gwema amanzi amaningi uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma ukulinganiselwa. Dlala ukudla okuhlukahlukene okugcwele ngensimbi, njengoba umzimba wakho ungase udinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukwenza amaseli egazi abomvu aphilile. Thola ukuphumula okwanele, njengoba ukukhathala kuvamile ngalesi simo.

Kubalulekile ukuzivikela ekuthelelekeni, ikakhulukazi izifo zokuphefumula ezingase zibeke ukucindezela okwengeziwe enhliziyweni yakho namaphango akho. Geza izandla zakho njalo, hlala ugcine izigqoko, futhi gwema izindawo eziqongelelene ngesikhathi sesizini ye-flu uma kungenzeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, thatha isikhathi sokulandelela izimpawu zakho kanye namazinga amandla amasonto ambalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Qaphela ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ekwenza uzizwe uqina kokuphefumula, lapho ubhekana nobuhlungu esifubeni, nokuthi ikhwalithi yokuphumula kwakho ibilokhu iyini. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuthi isimo sakho sithinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi kanye nezinye izinto. Ezinye imithi ingase ihlangane nezimo zenhliziyo noma iphazamise ukwelashwa, ngakho udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi konke okusebenzisayo.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza ngaphambi kokuba uyikhohlwe ngaleso sikhathi. Cabanga ukubuza ngezimpawu ezintsha ozibonile, ukuthi izinga lomsebenzi wakho lifanelekile yini, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuqaphela okufanele zikukhuthaze ukuba ucingo ngokushesha. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma amagama ezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa kubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma kungenzeka, letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-appointment yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluqakathekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi soxoxa ngohlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa.

Yini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Eisenmenger syndrome?

I-Eisenmenger syndrome yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusuka kwi-defect yokuqala yenhliziyo, kodwa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele kanye nokwenza ukulungiswa kwesitayela sempilo, abantu abaningi baphila impilo enenjongo nephambili. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa ekulawuleni lesi simo.

Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma une-defect eyaziwayo yenhliziyo noma uqaphela izimpawu ezifana nokuqina kokuphefumula okungapheli noma izinguquko zombala wesikhumba, ungalibeki ukufuna ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo futhi kusize ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Nakuba i-Eisenmenger syndrome idinga ukuphathwa okuphila konke, ukuthuthuka ekuqondeni nasekwelapheni kuqhubeka kunikeza ithemba. Sebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, hlala unolwazi mayelana nesimo sakho, futhi unganqikazi ukuzikhulumela uma unezinkinga noma imibuzo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Eisenmenger syndrome

Ingavikelwa yini i-Eisenmenger syndrome?

I-Eisenmenger syndrome ngokuvamile ingavikelwa ngokulungisa i-defect yokuqala yenhliziyo ekuqaleni kokuphila, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma ekuqaleni kobutshana. Uma unembeleko enenkinga yenhliziyo, ukulandela izincomo zedokotela wakho we-cardiologist wezingane ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokulungiswa kokusebenza kubalulekile. Uma i-syndrome isithuthukile ngokuphelele, noma kunjalo, izinguquko emithambweni yegazi yamaphango zivame ukuba zihlala njalo.

Ingabe i-Eisenmenger syndrome iyefa?

Ama-defect okuqala enhliziyo aholela kwi-Eisenmenger syndrome ngezinye izikhathi angase agijime emindenini, kodwa izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwephethini ebonakalayo ye-genetic. Uma une-Eisenmenger syndrome noma i-defect ezelwe nayo yenhliziyo, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda ubungozi babantwana bakusasa futhi uxoxe ngezinketho zokuhlela umndeni.

Ingabe abantu abane-Eisenmenger syndrome bangaba nabantwana?

Ukukhulelwa kubangela ubungozi obukhulu kubesifazane abane-Eisenmenger syndrome futhi ngokuvamile akunconywa ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lezinkinga kokubili kunina nengane. Noma kunjalo, isimo ngasinye sihlukile, futhi uma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuxoxa lokhu ngokuphelele neqembu lochwepheshe okuhlanganisa udokotela we-cardiologist kanye nochwepheshe wezokwelapha komndeni.

Isikhathi eside kangakanani abantu abane-Eisenmenger syndrome baphila?

Isikhathi sokuphila sihluka kakhulu kuye ngobunzima besimo, impilo yonke, kanye nokufinyelela ekuqeqeshweni okufanele kwezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi abane-Eisenmenger syndrome baphila kahle kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-30s, 40s, nangaphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa kwamanje. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha kanye nokwenza ukulungiswa kwesitayela sempilo kungathuthukisa kakhulu kokubili ikhwalithi yempilo nobude bempilo.

Ingabe kukhona imisebenzi okufanele igwenywe ngokuphelele?

Imisebenzi ephakeme, ukuzivocavoca okunzima kakhulu, kanye nemisebenzi engozi yokuphelelwa amanzi kufanele ngokuvamile igwenywe. Ukuhamba ngendiza ngokuvamile kungenzeka kodwa kungase kudinge ukuphepha okukhethekile njenge-oksijini eyengeziwe. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esithile esisekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu siqu futhi akusize unqume amazinga omsebenzi aphephile agcina impilo yakho ngenkathi evumela ukujabulela impilo.