Ukuqala Kwe-Endocarditis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Endocarditis iwukutheleleka kokugqoka kwangaphakathi kwamakhamera e-heart yakho nama-valve, okuthiwa yi-endocardium. Cabanga ngakho njengomvakashi obangela ubuhlungu obubambe iqhaza kwenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba wakho.

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-germs, ngokuvamile ama-bacteria, engena egazini lakho bese eya e-heart yakho. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, i-endocarditis iyaphiliswa uma itholakala ngokushesha, nokuqonda izimpawu kungakusiza uthole ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-endocarditis?

Izimpawu ze-endocarditis zingathuthuka kancane ezinyangeni noma zivele ngokuzumayo ezinsukwini. Ingxenye enzima ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuba njengomgogodla ohlala isikhathi eside.

Nazi izimpawu ongaziqaphela, kusukela ezivamile kuya kwezingavamile:

• Ukuqanduka nokuthandaza okuqhubeka izinsuku
• Ukukhathala okunzima kakhulu kunokukhathala okuvamile
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ulukhuni lwebusuku olunethezeka izingubo zakho noma amasitishi
• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni obungaba sibi uma uphefumula ngokujulile
• Ukuduma okusha kwe-heart noma ukushintsha kokukhona
• Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinyaweni, noma esiswini
• Amabala amancane, abomvu abomvu ezandleni zakho noma ezinyaweni
• Amabala amancane abomvu noma aphethwe phansi ezinzipeni zakho noma ohlangothini lwakho

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuphulukana nobunzima ngokuzumayo, igazi emathisini abo, noma amabala amancane, abomvu angenabuhlungu emehlweni abo. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba zingabonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kuchaphazela ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Yini ebangela i-endocarditis?

I-Endocarditis ithuthuka lapho ama-bacteria, ama-fungi, noma amanye ama-germs engena egazini lakho bese ehlangana ne-heart tissue elilimale ngokweqile noma elingavamile. I-heart yakho ngokuvamile inezikhali ezinamandla zokulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa izimo ezithile zingayenza ibe buthakathaka.

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-endocarditis zihlanganisa:

• Ama-bacteria e-Staphylococcus, angangena ngokutheleleka kwesikhumba noma izinqubo zezokwelapha
• Ama-bacteria e-Streptococcus, avame ukuvela ngokutheleleka kwamazinyo noma ukungazinaki kahle komlomo
• Ama-bacteria e-Enterococcus, ngezinye izikhathi ahlobene nokutheleleka kwe-urinary tract noma amathumbu
• Ama-bacteria eqembu le-HACEK, angavamile kodwa angabangela ukutheleleka okuthuthuka kancane

La ma-germs angangena egazini lakho ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokuhlamba amazinyo, ikakhulukazi uma une-gum disease. Izinqubo zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa, noma ngisho nokwenza i-tattoo, zingabuye zinikeze amaphuzu okungena.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ama-fungi afana ne-Candida noma i-Aspergillus angabangela i-endocarditis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimpande zokulwa nezifo ezibuthakathaka noma labo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-intravenous.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela e-endocarditis?

Izimo ezithile ze-heart nezici zokuphila zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-endocarditis. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaholela kulokhu kuzokusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nithathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izici ezihlobene ne-heart ezingaholela kulokhu zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-endocarditis kwangaphambili
• Ama-valve e-heart angumoya noma amanye amadivayisi e-heart afakwe
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-heart okuvela ngokuzalwa
• Ama-valve e-heart alimale ngezimo ezinjenge-rheumatic fever
• I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, isimo lapho imisipha ye-heart iba nzima khona

Izici zokuphila nezokwelapha ezikhuphula ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-intravenous, okunikeza ukufinyelela ngqo egazini lakho
• Ukungazinaki kahle kwamazinyo noma izinkinga zamazinyo ezingaphathwe
• Izinqubo zezokwelapha ezivamile ezihilela ama-catheter noma izimpumputhe
• I-immune system ebuthakathaka ngezimo ezinjenge-HIV noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukuhlanzwa kwama-kidney isikhathi eside

Ubudala nabo buthatha indima, ngabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ababhekene nengozi enkulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-valve ebuhlotsheni nobudala nezindlela ezivamile zezokwelapha.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela nge-endocarditis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa ukuqanduka okuqhubekayo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezinkulu. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wakho kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukuqanduka okuphezulu ngokuthandaza okukhulu okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngokuzumayo noma ubunzima bokuphumula
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni obuzwakala bubucayi noma obucindezelayo
• Izimpawu zokuqhaqhazela, njengokuthandaza ngokuzumayo, ukudideka, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nezinye izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo. I-Endocarditis ingathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ngenxa yomphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-endocarditis?

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, i-endocarditis ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu okuchaphazela i-heart yakho nezinye izitho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto akuhlosi ukukwesabisa, kodwa ukugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-heart zingabandakanya:

• Ukonakala kwe-heart valve okuchaphazela ukugeleza kwegazi nge-heart yakho
• Ukwehluleka kwe-heart lapho i-heart yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo khona
• Izinga ezingavamile ze-heart ezingadinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo
• Ama-abscesses noma ama-pocket okutheleleka ngaphakathi kwe-heart tissue

Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngaphandle kwe-heart yakho, kubangele:

• Ukuqhaqhazela uma izinto ezithelelekile ziya ebuchosheni bakho
• Ukonakala kwama-kidney noma ukwehluleka kwama-kidney
• Izinkinga ze-lung, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia noma ama-lung abscesses
• Ukutheleleka kwamajozi okubangela ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo nokukhula
• I-spleen enkulu engabangela ubuhlungu esiswini

Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu ezimweni ezingaphathwe noma lapho ukwelashwa kulibaziseka. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kwe-antibiotic okuqalwe ngokushesha, abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngaphandle kokubhekana nalezi zinkinga ezinkulu.

I-endocarditis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela yonke i-endocarditis, izindlela eziningi zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela njengoba umlomo wakho uyindawo evamile yokungena yama-bacteria.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zansuku zonke zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlamba amazinyo kabili ngosuku nge-toothpaste ene-fluoride
• Ukusebenzisa i-floss nsuku zonke ukususa ama-bacteria phakathi kwamazinyo
• Ukusebenzisa i-mouthwash ye-antibacterial njengoba kunconywe udentisti wakho
• Ukwenza ukuhlanza kwamazinyo okuvamile nokukhangwa
• Ukuphatha izinkinga zamazinyo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi

Uma unezimo ze-heart ezingozi enkulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-antibiotic prophylaxis ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo zamazinyo noma zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuvimbela ama-bacteria ukuba angakha ukutheleleka e-heart yakho.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukugwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-intravenous, ukugcina noma yikuphi ukusika noma izilonda kuhlanzekile futhi kuvaliwe, nokufuna ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho.

I-endocarditis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-endocarditis kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nezifundo zokubonisa izithombe. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokulalela i-heart yakho nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlonishweni:

• Ama-blood cultures ukuhlonishwa ama-bacteria athile abangela ukutheleleka
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Izimpawu zokuvuvukala ezinjenge-C-reactive protein ne-erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Ezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola ukusebenza kwama-kidney ne-liver

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokubeka i-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe eziningi ze-heart yakho. Le nqubo ingabonisa ama-valve e-heart athelelekile, ama-abscesses, noma ezinye izinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi i-transesophageal echocardiogram enemininingwane eminingi idingeka, lapho i-probe ifakwa kancane phansi komlomo wakho ukuze kube nezithombe ezicacile.

Ezinye izifundo zokubonisa izithombe zingabandakanya ama-CT scans noma i-MRI ukuhlola izinkinga kwezinye izitho. Inqubo yokuhlola ingathatha isikhathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-endocarditis?

Ukuphathwa kwe-endocarditis cishe kuhlale kuhilela ama-antibiotic e-intravenous anikezwa esibhedlela izinyanga eziningana. Ama-antibiotic athile axhomeke ekutheni yimaphi ama-bacteria abangela ukutheleleka kwakho nokuthi azizwa kanjani ngezidakamizwa ezahlukene.

Ukuphathwa kwakho kwe-antibiotic ngokuvamile kuhilela:

• Ama-antibiotic okuqala e-broad-spectrum kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yekhamera itholakala khona
• Ama-antibiotic aqondiswe uma ama-bacteria athile ehlonishwa
• Izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha zokwelashwa kwe-intravenous ezimweni eziningi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile ukuqapha impendulo yakho ekwelapheni
• Ukulungiswa kwama-antibiotic uma kudingeka ngokususelwa ekukhuleni kwakho

Abanye abantu bangase bafanelekele ukwelashwa kwe-antibiotic kwangaphandle kwesibhedlela ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesibhedlela sokuqala, besebenzisa i-PICC line noma enye indlela yokufinyelela kwe-intravenous isikhathi eside. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa ekhaya ngenkathi ugcina imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ezimweni ezithile, njengalapho ama-valve e-heart alimale kakhulu khona, lapho ukutheleleka kungaphenduli e-antibiotic kuphela, noma lapho izinkinga ezinjenge-abscesses zithuthuka. Izindlela zokuhlinzwa zingabandakanya ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-valve, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-endocarditis?

Nakuba ama-antibiotic enza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuwelapheni i-endocarditis, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusekela impilo yakho nokulawula izimpawu. Ukuphumula kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, njengoba umzimba wakho udinga amandla okulwa nokutheleleka.

Izinyathelo zokunakekelwa okusekayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthola ubuthongo obuningi nokugwema imisebenzi enzima
• Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi ngamanzi nezinye izinto ezinempilo
• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele i-immune system yakho
• Ukuthatha abaphuli bobuhlungu abachazwe ngenxa yokuhlungu kwemisipha nokungakhululeki
• Ukuqapha ubushushu bakho nokubika ukuqanduka okuqhubekayo kudoctor wakho

Qaphela izimpawu zakho futhi ubhale noma yikuphi ukubi kuboqeqeshini bakho bezempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwanda kokuphefumula okufushane, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma izimpawu ezintsha ezithuthuka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Landela yonke imiyalo yemithi ngokucophelela, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono ngaphambi kokuphela kwesigaba esiphelele. Ukumisa ama-antibiotic ngokushesha kungabangela ukwehluleka kokwelashwa nokumelana nama-antibiotic.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokuphathwa okufanele. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ulwazi olumele luqoqwe ngaphambi kwendwendwelo yakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi kanye nezinye izinto
• Imininingwane mayelana nomsebenzi wamazinyo wakamuva, izinqubo zezokwelapha, noma ukungena esibhedlela
• Umbhalo wezinkinga ze-heart, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwe-heart kwangaphambili
• Umbhalo womndeni wezimo ze-heart noma i-endocarditis
• Umbhalo wakamuva wokuhamba noma ukubonisana nokutheleleka

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazenza, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Ukuba nomngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni elikukhambela kungakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-appointment.

Letha noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezokwelapha angaphambili ahlobene nezimo ze-heart, imiphumela yokuvivinya yakamuva, noma izifinyelelo zokukhishwa esibhedlela. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isithombe sakho sezokwelapha esiphelele nokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana ne-endocarditis?

I-Endocarditis iwukutheleleka okukhulu kodwa okuphathekayo kwe-heart okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Isifuba sokuphathwa okuphumelelayo ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha nokufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi uma unezici ezingaholela kulokhu ezinjengokungasebenzi kahle kwama-valve e-heart noma i-endocarditis yangaphambili.

Abantu abaningi abane-endocarditis bayaphila ngokuphelele uma belashwa ngama-antibiotic afanele. Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuphendula kahle ekwelapheni, futhi izinkinga zingavikeleka ngokungenelela okusheshayo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlala lisebenza nawe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Ukuvimbela ngokuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle nokuvimbela i-antibiotic efanele kubantu abangozini enkulu kusala yindlela engcono kakhulu. Uma ukhathazekile ngengozi yakho ye-endocarditis, xoxa ngezindlela zokuvimbela nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwakho okuvamile.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-endocarditis

Ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele yini i-endocarditis?

Yebo, i-endocarditis ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa kwe-antibiotic okufanele. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside lapho ukutheleleka kubanjwe ngokushesha futhi kuphathwe kahle. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangadinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe uma kukhona ukonakala kwe-heart valve okuvela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ne-endocarditis?

Isikhathi sokuphulukana sihluka kuye ngokukhulu kokutheleleka nempilo yakho iyonke. Ukwelashwa kwe-antibiotic ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha, futhi abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono ngaphakathi kweviki lokuqala lokwelashwa. Ukuphulukana okuphelele, kufaka phakathi ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemuva kokuphela kwama-antibiotic.

Ungathola yini i-endocarditis ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Ngeshwa, yebo. Ukuba ne-endocarditis kanye kukhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa futhi, ikakhulukazi uma unezimo ze-heart ezingaphansi noma ama-valve e-heart angumoya. Kungakho abantu abane-endocarditis yangaphambili kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu ngokuvikela futhi bangadinga i-antibiotic prophylaxis ngaphambi kwezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-endocarditis iyadluliseka?

I-Endocarditis ngokwayo ayidluliseki futhi ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ama-bacteria abangela i-endocarditis ngezinye izikhathi angadluliselwa ngemisebenzi njengokwabelana ngezimpumputhe noma izinhlobo ezithile zokuxhumana okuqonde kakhulu. Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuthuthuka lapho la ma-bacteria engena egazini lakho futhi efika e-heart yakho.

Kwenzekani uma i-endocarditis ingaphathwe?

I-Endocarditis engaphathwe ingaba yingozi ekuphileni futhi ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwe-heart, ukuqhaqhazela, ukonakala kwama-kidney, noma ama-abscesses ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka kulo lonke umzimba wakho, kubangele i-sepsis. Kungakho ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu uma kukhona ukucatshangelwa kwe-endocarditis.