Ukuqina Kwesibindi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Isibindi esiqinile, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-splenomegaly ngokwelapha, kwenzeka lapho isibindi sakho sikhuphuka kunokulinganiselwe. Isibindi sakho yilona ilungu elincane elingaphansi kwesifuba sakho sokunxele elisiza ekuhlanzweni kwegazi lakho nasekulweni nezifo. Uma likhuphuka, ngokuvamile kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokukutshela ukuthi kukhona okunye okudinga ukunakekelwa.

Abantu abaningi abazi lutho ukuthi banesibindi esiqinile ekuqaleni ngoba ngokuvamile sikhula kancane kancane. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-splenomegaly ngokwayo ayisiyona isifo kodwa iyisibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba wakho uyaphendula esimweni esingaphansi esingelashwa kahle.

Yini isibindi esiqinile?

Isibindi esiqinile senzeka lapho leli lungu elibalulekile liqina ngaphezu kokulinganiselwe kwama-intshi angu-4 ubude. Cabanga ngesibindi sakho njengendawo yokulawula ikhwalithi yomzimba wakho yamaseli egazi namaseli amhlophe alwa nezifo.

Uma isibindi sakho siqina, sisebenza kakhulu ukuze siphathe noma yiluphi usongo umzimba wakho obhekene nalo. Lokhu kungaba yinoma yini kusukela ekusontekweni okulula kuya esifo segazi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqina kwenzeka ngoba isibindi sakho sihlanza amaseli egazi alimale kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, sikhiqiza amaseli alwa nezifo engeziwe, noma siphatha ukwanda kokugeleza kwegazi.

Isibindi sakho singaqina ngezigaba ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi sincane nje kunokujwayelekile, okungenzeka ungaziboni. Kwezinye izimo, singakhula kakhulu futhi sibangele izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezihlupha ukududuzeka kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Ziyini izimpawu zesibindi esiqinile?

Abantu abaningi abanesibindi esiqinile kancane abanawo noma yimiphi impawu. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zihambisana nesibindi esicindezela ezinye izitho noma esebenza kakhulu ukuze sihlanze igazi lakho.

Nawa amanye amabanga avamile ongawaqaphela:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esiswini sakho sokunxele esingase siye ehlombe lakho lokunxele
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha uma udle, ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu kuwe
• Ukuphefumula kalula noma ukuphuza igazi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile noma ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukana nezifo
• Isiqu esibonakalayo ongasithola ngaphansi kwesifuba sakho sokunxele

Ukuhlupheka kwesisu ngokuvamile kuzwakala njengokuhlungu okuthambile kunokuba buhlungu obukhulu. Ungase uqaphele kakhulu uma uphefumula ngokujulile noma ulele ngakwesobunxele. Abanye abantu bachaza ukuzizwa sengathi kukhona okucindezela isisu sabo ngaphakathi.

Lezi zimpawu zikhula ngoba isibindi esiqinile singagcwalisa isisu sakho, sikwenze uzizwe ugcwele ngokushesha. Kungase futhi susa amaseli egazi amaningi ekugelezeni, okuholela ekukhathaleni, ukuphefumula kalula, noma ukwanda kokutholakala kwezifo.

Yini ebangela isibindi esiqinile?

Isibindi sakho singaqina ngezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela ezifweni zesikhashana kuya ezimweni ezingapheli. Ukuqonda imbangela kusiza ekuholeni indlela yokwelapha efanele isimo sakho esithile.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Izifo: Izifo ze-viral njenge-mononucleosis, izifo ze-bacterial, noma izifo ze-parasitic
• Ubuhlungu legazi: I-Leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma i-multiple myeloma
• Izifo zesibindi: I-Cirrhosis noma ezinye izimo ezihlupha ukugcwala kwegazi ngesibindi
• Izifo zegazi: I-Sickle cell disease, i-thalassemia, noma i-spherocytosis
• Izimo ze-autoimmune: I-Rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa eziqakathekile zihlanganisa izifo ezithile zokuguqulwa komzimba njenge-Gaucher disease, ama-blood clots ezinhlanzi zegazi zesibindi, noma ama-cysts nama-tumors. Ngezinye izikhathi, isibindi siqina ngenxa ye-portal hypertension, okwenzeka lapho ukucindezela kwegazi kukhuphuka ezinhlanzi eziholela esibindini.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelapha isimo esingaphansi kuvumela isibindi ukuba sibuyele esilinganisweni salo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza ukuze athole ukuthi yini ebangela ukuqina kwesibindi sakho ukuze akwazi ukulungisa inkinga yengcambu ngokuphumelelayo.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngesibindi esiqinile?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlupheka ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo esiswini sakho sokunxele, ikakhulukazi uma buhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezinkulu. Ungalindi uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ugula kaningi kunokujwayelekile.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlupheka ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ikakhulukazi uma buqala ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungase kubonise isibindi esiqekeke, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Fona futhi ngokunakekelwa okusheshayo uma uqaphela izimpawu ze-anemia enzima njengokukhathala okukhulu, ukukhungatheka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ejwayelekile uma uhlupheka ngokuqala kancane kwezimpawu njengokuziva ugcwele ngokushesha uma udle, ukuhlupheka kwesisu okuncane, noma ukuphefumula kalula. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonakale zincane, kodwa zingakunikeza izikhuthazo ezibalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho yonke.

Uma ungazizwa ngempela isiqu ngaphansi kwesifuba sakho sokunxele, kufanele sihlolwe ngokushesha. Nakuba isibindi esiqinile asibi kakhulu, ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kwezizathu ezingaphansi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yesibindi esiqinile?

Izinto ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola isibindi esiqinile. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu uma unawo amanye ala masimo:

• Izifo zegazi: Izimo eziwusifa ezithinta amaseli egazi abomvu noma i-hemoglobin
• Isifo sesibindi: Izimo ezingapheli ezihlupha ukusebenza kwesibindi
• Izifo ze-autoimmune: Izimo lapho i-immune system yakho ihlasela izicubu eziphilile
• Umbhalo wezinye izifo ze-cancer: Ikakhulukazi izifo zegazi noma izifo ze-cancer ezisakazeke
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile: Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo kwe-bacterial, i-viral, noma i-parasitic
• Ukuya ezindaweni ezithile: Izindawo lapho i-malaria noma ezinye izifo ze-parasitic zivame khona

Ubudala bungase futhi bube nomthelela, njengoba ezinye izimo eziholela ekuqineni kwesibindi ziyaqala njengoba siqhubeka sikhuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezihlobo ezinesifo segazi noma izimo ze-autoimmune, ungase ube nokukhethwa okukhulu kwe-genetic.

Ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthola isibindi esiqinile. Abantu abaningi abanawo la masimo abanawo ubunzima besibindi. Noma kunjalo, ukwazi izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kukusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele uma kudingeka.

Ziyini izinhlupheko ezingase zenzeke ngesibindi esiqinile?

Nakuba isibindi esiqinile ngokuvamile siphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ukushiya singelashwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuholele ezinhluphekweni ezinkulu. Ingozi eqakathekile kakhulu iwukuthi isibindi esiqinile siqina kakhulu futhi siqhekeka kalula ngenxa yokulimala.

Nawa amanye amahlupheko amakulu okumele uwaqaphele:

• Ukuqhekeka kwesibindi: Ukuqhekeka kwesibindi okungase kubangele ukuphuza igazi elingase libe yingozi ebomini
• I-Hypersplenism: Lapho isibindi sisusa amaseli egazi amaningi aphilile
• Ukukhuphuka kengozi yokutheleleka: Ngenxa yamanani amaseli amhlophe egazi aphansi
• I-anemia enzima: Ukususwa okukhulu kwamaseli egazi abomvu
• Izinkinga zokopha: Lapho amanani e-platelet eba aphansi kakhulu

Ukuqhekeka kwesibindi yiyona nhlupheko eqakathekile kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala okubonakala kuncane njengokuwa noma ukukhokha okukhulu. Kungakho abantu abanesibindi esiqinile bavame ukutshelwa ukuba bagweme imidlalo yokuxhumana nemisebenzi engozi enkulu yokulimala.

I-Hypersplenism ikhula lapho isibindi sakho esiqinile siphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzweni kwamaseli egazi, sisusa aphilile kanye nalimale. Lokhu kungadala isikhathi lapho u-bone marrow wakho ungakwazi ukulandelela ukufaka amaseli asusiwe.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlupheko eziningi zingavikeleka ngokuhlola okufanele nokuphathwa kwesimo esingaphansi esibangela ukuqina. Ithimba lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizokusiza uqonde izingozi zakho ezithile nokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani.

Isibindi esiqinile sihlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonzwa kwesibindi esiqinile ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ozizwa isisu sakho ngesikhathi sokuhlola komzimba. Isibindi esiphilile ngokuvamile asizwakali ngaphandle, ngakho uma udokotela wakho engasithola, lokhu kusikisela ukuqina.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze aqinisekise ukuhlonzwa futhi a linganise usayizi wesibindi. I-ultrasound ngokuvamile iyona yokuqala ngoba ayinazo izinto ezingathandeki futhi inikeza izithombe ezicacile zesibindi sakho. Ama-CT scans noma i-MRI angase asebenziswe ukuze uthole ulwazi oluqondile noma uma ezinye izimo kudingeka zisuswe.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani isibindi sakho siqina. Lezi zivivinyo zingase zibonise izimpawu zesifo, izifo zegazi, izinkinga zesibindi, noma izimo ze-autoimmune. Udokotela wakho angase ahlole i-complete blood count yakho, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, namarkers athile ezifweni ezahlukene.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nemiphumela yokuqala. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-bone marrow biopsy, ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezithile, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kwezifo zegazi eziwusifa. Umgomo uhlala ukwazi imbangela ephambili ukuze ukwelapha kuqondiswe kahle.

Yini ukwelashwa kwesibindi esiqinile?

Ukwelashwa kwesibindi esiqinile kugxile ekuqondeni isimo esingaphansi esibangela ukuqina. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelapha kahle imbangela yengcambu kuvumela isibindi ukuba sibuyele esilinganisweni salo ngokwemvelo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi: Ama-antibiotics ezifweni, ama-steroids ezimweni ze-autoimmune, noma i-chemotherapy ezifweni zegazi
• Ukwelapha isifo sesibindi: Ukuphatha izimo ezinjenge-cirrhosis noma i-hepatitis
• Ukuthola igazi: Ngenxa ye-anemia enzima noma amanani amaseli egazi aphansi
• Imithi ye-immunosuppressive: Ngenxa yezimo ze-autoimmune ezihlupha isibindi
• I-radiation therapy: Ngezinye izikhathi isebenza ezifweni ezithile zegazi

Ezimweni ezimbalwa lapho isibindi esiqinile sibangela izinhlupheko ezinkulu noma singaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ukususa ngokusebenza (splenectomy) kungase kudingeke. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubhekwa kuphela lapho izinzuzo zidlula ngokucacile izingozi, njengokuphila ngaphandle kwesibindi kudinga izinyathelo zokuphila konke ngokumelene nezifo ezithile.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzokwenziwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, uthathe ngokubhekisele embangelweni ephambili, ubukhulu bokuqina, nempilo yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu uma isimo esingaphansi siphathwa kahle.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Nakuba ukwelapha kwezokwelapha kulungisa imbangela ephambili, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usize ukuphatha izimpawu nokukhuthaza isibindi sakho esiqinile. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukugwema imisebenzi engase ilimale isisu sakho.

Nawa amaqhinga asebenzayo okuzinakekela:

• Gwema imidlalo yokuxhumana, ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, noma imisebenzi engozi yokulimala kwesisu
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile uma uzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha
• Phumula uma ukhathele futhi ungaphuli ukukhathala okukhulu
• Hlala ugcine izigqoko ukuvimbela ukutheleleka
• Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka
• Bika noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu kakhulu kudoctor wakho ngokushesha

Qaphela ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela ukuwa noma ezingozi endlini. Lokhu kungase kusho ukusebenzisa ama-handrails emathendeni, ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okuhle, nokuqapha kakhulu ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezishelelayo.

Uma uhlupheka ubuhlungu besisu, ukufaka ubushushu obuthambile noma ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kungase kusize. Noma kunjalo, gwema imithi engase ihluphe ukugqwala kwegazi, njenge-aspirin, ngaphandle kokuthi kunconywe ngokuqondile yisikhungo sakho sezokwelapha.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuhlonzwa okuchane kakhulu nohlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho nalapho ezingase zibonakale zingahlobene nesibindi sakho.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kanye nezinye izinto. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nembali yakho yezokwelapha, imbali yomndeni wezifo zegazi noma izifo ze-autoimmune, nanoma yikuphi ukuhamba kwakamuva ezindaweni ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Cabanga ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini nokuthi yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi. Qaphela noma yiziphi izifo zakamuva, ukulimala, noma izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni ezingase zibe yingxenye yale nto. Uma uke waba nokuhlolwa kwegazi noma izifundo zezithombe, letha leyo miphumela.

Lungisa imibuzo yokubuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi yini engase ibe yimbangela yokuqina kwesibindi sakho, yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezingase zidingeke, nezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngokunciphisa imisebenzi nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezifanele zikhuthaze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana nesibindi esiqinile?

Isibindi esiqinile ngokuvamile kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokuphendula esimweni esingaphansi kunokuba yisifo ngokwalo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kukukhathaza, iningi lamacala lingaphathwa kahle uma imbangela yengcambu itholakala futhi iwelashwe.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle. Abantu abaningi abanesibindi esiqinile baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo uma isimo sabo esingaphansi siphathwa kahle.

Hlala uqaphele izimpawu ezinjengobuningi obuqhubekayo besisu, ukukhathala okungavamile, noma ukutheleleka okuvamile, kodwa ungathuki uma uhlupheka ngalezi zinkinga. Sebenzani eduze nethimba lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze uqonde isimo sakho esithile bese ulandela isiqondiso sabo sokwelapha nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sokuphila.

Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha, isibindi esiqinile akudingeki sihluphe ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Gxila ekuwelapheni imbangela ephambili, ukuzivikela ekulimala, nokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela bakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nesibindi esiqinile

Ingabe isibindi esiqinile singabuya esilinganisweni?

Yebo, ezimweni eziningi isibindi esiqinile singabuya esilinganisweni salo uma isimo esingaphansi siwelashwe kahle. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuqina okubangelwa izifo, ezivame ukuqeda ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sokuthuthuka sihluka kuye ngimbangela futhi singase sibe amaviki kuya ezinyangeni.

Ingabe kuphephile ukwenza umsebenzi ngesibindi esiqinile?

Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba ngokuvamile kuphephile, kodwa kufanele ugweme imidlalo yokuxhumana, ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, noma noma iyiphi imisebenzi engozi yokulimala kwesisu. Isibindi esiqinile siqina kakhulu futhi siqhekeka kalula ngenxa yokulimala. Hlala ukhuluma ngokulinganiselwe kwakho komsebenzi nodokotela wakho, njengoba izincomo zingase zihluke kuye ngobuningi bokuqina nembangela ephambili.

Yikuphi ukudla engingakugwema ngesibindi esiqinile?

Awekho ukudla okuthile okufanele ukugweme ngoba nje unesibindi esiqinile. Noma kunjalo, uma uzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha, ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kungasiza ekududuzeni. Gxila ekudleni okulinganiselayo okunama-nutrients amaningi ukuze usekele impilo yakho yonke ne-immune system. Udokotela wakho angase abe nezincomo ezithile zokudla ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esingaphansi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana nesibindi esiqinile?

Isikhathi sokuphulukana sihluka kakhulu kuye ngalokho okubangela ukuqina. Izifo zingase ziqedeke emavikini, kuyilapho izimo ezingapheli zingase zidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge izinyanga eziningi. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isikhathi esingcono ngokusekelwe ekuhlonzweni kwakho okuthile.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kubangela isibindi esiqinile?

Ukucindezeleka ngokwalo akuyona imbangela yokuqina kwesibindi, kodwa ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungase kuqede i-immune system yakho futhi kukwenze ube sengozini enkulu yezifo ezingase ziholele ekuqineni kwesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kungase kwenze izimo ze-autoimmune ezibangela isibindi esiqinile zibe zimbi. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukulala okuhle, nokuzivocavoca okuvamile kungasekele impilo yakho yonke nokubuyela kwakho.