Ependymoma

Ependymoma

Ependymoma iyisikhubekiso sezakhi zezinhlayiya ezakha ebuchosheni noma emgqeni wamathambo. Izakhi zezinhlayiya zakha ibala elibizwa ngokuthi yi-tumor. I-Ependymoma iqala ezakhi zezinhlayiya ze-ependymal. Lezi zakhi zezinhlayiya zifaka imigodi ethatha i-cerebrospinal fluid. Leli futhi lizungezile futhi livikela ubuchopho nomgqigqo wamathambo.

I-Ependymoma ingaba khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abancane. Abantwana abane-ependymoma bangaba nobuhlungu ekhanda kanye ne-seizures. I-Ependymoma eyenzeka kubantu abadala inamathuba amaningi okwakheka emgqeni wamathambo. Ingabangela ubuthakathaka engxenyeni yomzimba elawulwa yi-nerves ethintekile yi-tumor.

Ukuhlinzwa yilona kuphela ukwelashwa kwe-ependymoma. Ngoba i-tumors ekhula ngokushesha noma i-tumors engasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe. Lokhu kungafaka ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, i-radiosurgery, i-chemotherapy noma i-targeted therapy.

Izivivinyo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekutholakala kwe-ependymoma zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neurological. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-neurological, ochwepheshe bezempilo bahlola ukubona, ukuzwa, ukulinganisela, ukuhlanganiswa, amandla kanye ne-reflexes. Izinkinga kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezindawo zingase zinikeze izinkomba mayelana nengxenye yobuchopho noma umgqigqo wamathambo ongahlushwa yi-tumor.
• Izivivinyo ze-Imaging. Izivivinyo ze-imaging zenze izithombe zomzimba. Zingabonisa indawo nobukhulu be-ependymoma. I-MRI ivame ukusetshenziswa ekutholakala kwe-tumors zobuchopho. Ingase isetshenziswe kanye ne-MRI imaging ekhethekile, njenge-magnetic resonance angiography. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ependymoma ingaba khona ebuchosheni nasemgqeni wamathambo, izivivinyo ze-imaging zingase zisetshenziswe ukwenza izithombe zezindawo zombili.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cerebrospinal fluid. Okubizwa ngokuthi yi-lumbar puncture noma i-spinal tap, le nqubo ihilela ukufaka unhlanzi phakathi kwamathanga amabili emgqeni wamathambo ophansi. Unhlanzi uthatha i-fluid ezungezile umgqigqo wamathambo. I-fluid ihlolwa ukubheka izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola, ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo bangase bathuke nge-ependymoma futhi bancome ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-tumor. Uma usususiwe, izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor ziyahlolwa elabhorethri ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Izivivinyo ezikhethekile zingatshela iqembu lezempilo mayelana nohlobo lwezakhi zezinhlayiya ezihilelekile kwi-tumor. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lingase lisebenzise lolu lwazi ukuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze-Ependymoma zifaka:

Abachwepheshe bokuhlinzwa ebuchosheni, ababizwa ngokuthi yi-neurosurgeons, basebenza ukususa iningi le-ependymoma ngangokunokwenzeka. Umgomo ukususa i-tumor yonke. Ngezinye izikhathi i-ependymoma itholakala eduze kwe-tissue yobuchopho noma umgqigqo wamathambo oluyisongo kakhulu.

Uma i-tumor yonke isusiwe ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungase kungadingeki. Uma kukhona i-tumor esele, i-neurosurgeon ingase iphakamise enye inqubo ukuzama ukususa iningi le-tumor. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengokwelashwa ngomgogodla, kungase kunconywe ngoba i-tumors ezinomdlavuza noma uma yonke i-tumor ingasuswa.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor. Amandla angase avela ku-X-rays, amaprotons noma ezinye imithombo. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngomgogodla, umshini uqondisa imisebe yamandla ezintweni ezithile ukubulala izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor lapho.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungase kunconywe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukusiza ukuvimbela i-tumors ezinomdlavuza ekuphindweni. Kungase futhi kunconywe uma i-neurosurgeons ayikwazanga ukususa i-tumor ngokuphelele.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokwelashwa ngomgogodla zisiza ukugxila ekwelapheni komgogodla ezakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor. Lezi zinhlobo ezikhethekile zomgogodla zingase zinciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izakhi zezinhlayiya ezempilo eziseduze. Isibonelo sifaka i-conformal radiation therapy, i-intensity-modulated radiation therapy ne-proton therapy.

I-Stereotactic radiosurgery iyindlela enamandla yokwelashwa ngomgogodla. I-aim imisebe yomgogodla emakhoneni amaningi kwi-tumor. Umsebe ngamunye awunamandla kakhulu. Kodwa indawo lapho imisebe ihlangana khona ithola umthamo omkhulu kakhulu womgogodla obulala izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor.

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor. I-Chemotherapy ayivamile ukusetshenziswa ekuwelapheni i-ependymoma. Kungase kube yisinqumo ezimweni ezithile, njengoba i-tumor ikhula kabusha naphezu kokuhlinzwa nomgogodla.

I-Targeted therapy isebenzisa imithi ehlasela izinto ezikhethekile ezakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor. Ngokuvimba lezi zinto, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungenza izakhi zezinhlayiya ze-tumor zife. I-Targeted therapy ingase kube yisinqumo sokwelapha i-ependymoma ebuya emuva kokwelashwa.

Izivivinyo ze-Clinical yizifundo zokwelashwa okusha. Lezi zifundo zinika ithuba lokuzama izinketho zokwelashwa zakamuva, kodwa ingozi yemiphumela emibi ingase ingaziwa. Khuluma neqembu lakho lezempilo uma unesithakazelo ekuvivinyweni kwe-clinical.

Lesi skani le-MRI elikhuthazwe yi-contrast likhanda lomuntu libonisa i-meningioma. Le meningioma ikhulile ngokwanele ukucindezela phansi kumaseli e-brain.

Izithombe ze-Brain tumor

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ecabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-brain tumor, uzodinga ukuhlolwa nokuqondisa okuningi ukuze uqiniseke. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological kuhlola izingxenye ezahlukene ze-brain yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlola umbono wakho, ukuzwa, ibhalansi, ukuhlanganiswa, amandla kanye ne-reflexes. Uma unezinkinga kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezindawo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso somhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological akutholi i-brain tumor. Kodwa kusiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-brain yakho engaba ne-problem.

• Isikhombisi se-Head CT. Isikhombisi se-computed tomography, esibizwa nangokuthi i-CT scan, sisebenzisa i-X-rays ukwenza izithombe. Itholakala kabanzi, futhi imiphumela ibuya ngokushesha. Ngakho i-CT ingaba yivivinyo lokuqala lokufanekisa eliyenziwa uma unezinhlungu zikhanda noma ezinye izimpawu ezinokubangela okuningi. I-CT scan ingathola izinkinga ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-brain yakho. Imiphumela inika umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo izibonakaliso zokunquma ukuthi yiliphi ivivivino okumele lenziwe ngokulandelayo. Uma umhlinzeki wakho ecabanga ukuthi i-CT scan yakho ibonisa i-brain tumor, ungadinga i-brain MRI.

• I-PET scan ye-brain. I-positron emission tomography scan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, ingathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-tracer ye-radioactive efihlwa e-vein. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi futhi inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azalisayo ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

  I-PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekubeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

• Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy iyinqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

  Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenisela. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenisela kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

  Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inela ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inela isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo zokufanekisa ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yeneela. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukuqeda indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemiithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

  Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba ukuhlinzwa uma iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukusebenza kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inela ingase idingeke ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

  I-brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokwenzakala kwethishu ye-brain.

• Ukuhlola isampula yethishu elabhoratri. Isampula ye-biopsy ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe. Izivivinyo zingabona ukuthi amaseli anempetha noma awunayo impetha. Indlela amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo ingatshela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi amaseli akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-grade ye-brain tumor. Ezinye izivivinyo zingathola ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli. Lokhu kusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukudala uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

I-Brain MRI. I-magnetic resonance imaging, ebizwa nangokuthi i-MRI, isebenzisa ama-magnets aqinile ukwenza izithombe zangaphakathi komzimba. I-MRI ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthola i-brain tumors ngoba ibonisa i-brain ngokucacile kunokuhlolwa kokufanekisa.

Ngokuvamile i-dye ifakwa e-vein engalweni ngaphambi kwe-MRI. I-dye yenza izithombe ezicacile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubona i-tumors encane. Kungasiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukubona umehluko phakathi kwe-brain tumor nethishu ye-brain enempilo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udinga uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-functional MRI. Le MRI ekhethekile ibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-brain eziqondisa ukukhuluma, ukuhamba neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile. Lokhu kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuhlela ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Olunye uvivinyo lwe-MRI oluhlukile yi-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa amazinga ezikhemikhali ezithile kumaseli e-tumor. Ukuba nokuningi noma okuncane kwezikhemikhali kungatshela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngohlobo lwe-brain tumor onayo.

I-magnetic resonance perfusion ulunye uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-MRI ukulinganisa inani legazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-brain tumor. Izingxenye ze-tumor ezinamazinga aphezulu egazi zingaba yizingxenye ezisebenza kakhulu ze-tumor. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho.

I-PET scan ye-brain. I-positron emission tomography scan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-PET scan, ingathola ezinye i-brain tumors. I-PET scan isebenzisa i-tracer ye-radioactive efihlwa e-vein. I-tracer ihamba ngegazi futhi inamathela kumaseli e-brain tumor. I-tracer yenza amaseli e-tumor avele ezithombeni ezithathwe yi-PET machine. Amaseli ahlukanisayo futhi azalisayo ngokushesha azothatha okuningi kwe-tracer.

A PET scan ingaba usizo kakhulu ekubeni i-brain tumors ekhula ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka i-glioblastomas nezinye i-oligodendrogliomas. I-brain tumors ekhula kancane ingase ingatholakali kwi-PET scan. I-brain tumors engelona i-cancer ivame ukukhula kancane, ngakho i-PET scans ayilusizo kakhulu kwi-brain tumors enhle. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-brain tumor odinga i-PET scan. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma udinga i-PET scan.

Ukuqoqa isampula yethishu. I-brain biopsy iyinqubo yokususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ukuze ihlolwe elabhoratri. Ngokuvamile udokotela uthola isampula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa i-brain tumor.

Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka, isampula ingasuswa ngenisela. Ukususa isampula yethishu ye-brain tumor ngenisela kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic needle biopsy.

Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, umgodi omncane ubokelwa ekhanda. Inela ecwebezelayo ifakwa ngomgodi. Inela isebenziselwa ukuthatha isampula yethishu. Izivivinyo zokufanekisa ezifana ne-CT ne-MRI zisetshenziswa ukuhlela indlela yeneela. Awusoze wazizwa lutho ngesikhathi se-biopsy ngoba imithi isebenziselwa ukuqeda indawo. Ngokuvamile uthola nemiithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ukuze ungazi lutho.

Ungaba ne-needle biopsy kunokuba ukuhlinzwa uma iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo likhathazekile ngokuthi ukusebenza kungalimaza ingxenye ebalulekile ye-brain yakho. Inela ingase idingeke ukususa ithishu evela kwi-brain tumor uma i-tumor isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.

I-brain biopsy inengozi yezinkinga. Izingozi zifaka ukuphuza e-brain nokwenzakala kwethishu ye-brain.

I-grade ye-brain tumor inikezwa uma amaseli e-tumor ehlolwa elabhoratri. I-grade itshela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi amaseli akhula futhi azalisayo ngokushesha kangakanani. I-grade isekelwe endleleni amaseli abonakala ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo. I-grades ihluka kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-4.

I-grade 1 brain tumor ikhula kancane. Amaseli awanahlukile kakhulu kumaseli anempilo aseduze. Njengoba i-grade iphakama, amaseli enza izinguquko ukuze aqale ukubonakala ahlukile kakhulu. I-grade 4 brain tumor ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Amaseli awabonakali lutho njengamaseli anempilo aseduze.

Ayikho izigaba ze-brain tumors. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer zinezigaba. Kulezi zinhlobo ze-cancer, isigaba sichaza ukuthi i-cancer ithuthuke kangakanani nokuthi isakazeke yini. I-brain tumors ne-brain cancers azivamile ukusakazeka, ngakho azinazigaba.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa lonke ulwazi oluvela ezivivinyweni zakho zokuxilonga ukuqonda i-prognosis yakho. I-prognosis iwukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi i-brain tumor ingelapheka. Izinto ezingathinta i-prognosis yabantu abane-brain tumors zifaka:

• Uhlobo lwe-brain tumor.
• Ukushesha kwe-brain tumor ekhula ngakho.
• Indawo ye-brain tumor e-brain.
• Yiziphi izinguquko ze-DNA ezikhona kumaseli e-brain tumor.
• Ukuthi i-brain tumor ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa yini.
• Ukuphila kwakho jikelele nokuzwela kwakho okuhle.

Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-prognosis yakho, xoxa neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukwelapha isibopho sengqondo kuncike ekutheni isibopho singumdlavuza wengqondo noma awulona umdlavuza, okuthiwa futhi isibopho esingalutho sengqondo. Izinketho zokwelapha ziphinde zincike ohlotsheni, usayizi, izinga nendawo yesibopho sengqondo. Izinketho zingafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, i-radiosurgery, i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiswe. Uma ucabanga ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo liphinde licabange ngempilo yakho yonke kanye nezifiso zakho. Ukwelapha kungenzeka kungadingeki ngokushesha. Awudingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma isibopho sakho sengqondo sincane, asiyona umdlavuza futhi alibangeli izimpawu. Izibopho ezincane, ezilungile zengqondo zingakhula noma zingakhula kancane kangangokuba ngeke zibangele izinkinga. Ungase ube nokucubungula kwe-MRI yengqondo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka ukuhlola ukukhula kwesibopho sengqondo. Uma isibopho sengqondo sikhuphuka ngokushesha kunokulindelekile noma uma uthola izimpawu, ungase udinga ukwelashwa. Ekuhlinzweni kwe-endoscopic transsphenoidal transsphenoidal, ithuluzi lokuhlinzwa libekwa ngesikhumba futhi eduze kweseptem nasal ukuze kufinyelelwe isibopho se-pituitary. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa wesibopho sengqondo ukususa wonke amaseli esibopho. Isibopho asinakuhlala sisuswa ngokuphelele. Uma kungenzeka, udokotela uzama ukususa okuningi kwesibopho sengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphepha. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kungenziwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo zincinyane futhi kulula ukuzihlukanisa nezinye izicubu zengqondo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi isibopho sizosuswa ngokuphelele. Ezinye izibopho zengqondo azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izicubu. Ngezinye izikhathi isibopho sengqondo siseduze nengxenye ebalulekile yengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yingozi kule simo. Udokotela angase asuse okuningi kwesibopho ngangokuphepha. Ukususa ingxenye yesibopho sengqondo ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-subtotal resection. Ukususwa kwengxenye yesibopho sakho sengqondo kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo. Iyiphi inketho engcono kuwe kuncike esimweni sakho. Izibonelo zezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwesibopho sengqondo zifaka:

• Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukuze ufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela yokusebenza okuningi kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwa ngayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha izibopho zomdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha ziyahambisana. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukukhipha ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindaweni ejulile zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala ngobumnene izicubu zengqondo eziphilile. Isibopho sengqondo siyasuswa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-lasers asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi ahlole umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sekuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni.
• Ukusebenzisa i-tube ende, encane ukuze ufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka i-tube ende, encane engqondweni. I-tube ibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. I-tube inezigaba zezilensi noma ikhamera encane ethumela izithombe kudoctor. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa nge-tube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komgodi wempumulo. I-tube ende, encane ifakwa ngempumulo kanye ne-sinuses bese iyangena engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. I-tube ende, encane ifakwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. I-tube iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukususa ingxenye yengqondo ukuze ufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuhilela ukususa ingxenye yengqondo kubizwa ngokuthi i-craniotomy. Yindlela yokusebenza okuningi kokususa isibopho sengqondo okwenziwa ngayo. I-Craniotomy isebenziselwa ukwelapha izibopho zomdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Udokotela wenza isiqu ezingutsheni zakho. Isikhumba nemisipha ziyahambisana. Khona-ke udokotela usebenzisa umshini wokusika ukukhipha ingxenye yethambo lengqondo. Ithambo lisuswa ukuze kufinyelelwe engqondweni. Uma isibopho sisezindaweni ejulile zengqondo, ithuluzi lingase lisetshenziswe ukuthwala ngobumnene izicubu zengqondo eziphilile. Isibopho sengqondo siyasuswa ngamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-lasers asebenziselwa ukubhubhisa isibopho. Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, uthola imithi yokunciphisa indawo ukuze ungazizwa lutho. Uphinde unikezwe imithi ekufaka esimweni sokulala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uvuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwengqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo okuvusiwe. Uma uvuswa, udokotela angase abuze imibuzo futhi ahlole umsebenzi engqondweni yakho njengoba uphendula. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sekuphelile, ingxenye yethambo lengqondo ibuyiswa endaweni. Ukusebenzisa i-tube ende, encane ukuze ufinyelele esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kuhilela ukufaka i-tube ende, encane engqondweni. I-tube ibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. I-tube inezigaba zezilensi noma ikhamera encane ethumela izithombe kudoctor. Amathuluzi akhethekile afakwa nge-tube ukususa isibopho. Ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha izibopho ze-pituitary. Lezi zibopho zikhula ngemuva nje komgodi wempumulo. I-tube ende, encane ifakwa ngempumulo kanye ne-sinuses bese iyangena engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo kwe-endoscopic kusetshenziswa ukususa izibopho zengqondo kwezinye izingxenye zengqondo. Udokotela angase asebenzise umshini wokusika ukwenza umgodi engqondweni. I-tube ende, encane ifakwa ngokucophelela ezicubwini zengqondo. I-tube iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela esibophweni sengqondo. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho sengqondo kunengozi yemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga. Lezi zingafaka ukutheleleka, ukuphuza igazi, ama-blood clots kanye nokulimala ezicubwini zengqondo. Ezinye izingozi zingase zincike engxenyeni yengqondo lapho isibopho sikhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwesibopho esiseduze nezinzwa ezihlanganisa amehlo kungase kube nengozi yokulahlekelwa umbono. Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isibopho esinzwini elulawula ukuzwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Amandla angase avela kuma-X-rays, amaprotons namanye imithombo. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kuvame ukuvela emishini ngaphandle komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle. Ngokungavamile, umgogodla ungafakwa ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-brachytherapy. Ukuphathwa komgogodla kungenziwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Ukuphathwa komgogodla wangaphandle kuvame ukwenziwa ngokwelashwa okufushane kwansuku zonke. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluvamile lungase luhilele ukwelashwa komgogodla izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto iintsuku eziyi-2 kuya kwezi-6. Ukukhanya komgogodla wangaphandle kungagxila kuphela endaweni yengqondo yakho lapho isibopho sikhona, noma kungase kufakwe engqondweni yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi abanesibopho sengqondo bazoba nomgogodla oqondiswe endaweni eseduze kwesibopho. Uma kunezibopho eziningi, ingqondo yonke ingase idinge ukwelashwa komgogodla. Uma ingqondo yonke iwelashwa, kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya komgogodla wonke wengqondo. Ukukhanya komgogodla wonke wengqondo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza osakazekela engqondweni kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi wakha izibopho eziningi engqondweni. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa komgogodla kusebenzisa ama-X-rays, kodwa uhlobo olusha lolu lwephutha lusebenzisa amandla avela kumaprotons. Imisebe yamaprotons ingaqondiswa ngokucophelela ukubulala amaseli esibopho kuphela. Zingase zingalimali izicubu eziphilile eziseduze. Ukwelashwa kwamaprotons kungasiza ekwelapheni izibopho zengqondo ezinganeni. Kungasiza futhi ekwelapheni izibopho eziseduze kakhulu nezingxenye ezibalulekile zengqondo. Ukwelashwa kwamaprotons akutholakali kakhulu njengokwelashwa komgogodla we-X-ray okuvamile. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla wezibopho zengqondo kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yokwelashwa komgogodla owutholayo. Imiphumela emibi evamile eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa noma ngemuva kwalo ukukhathala, izikhathi zokukhathala, ukulahleka kukhumbulo, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye nokulahleka kwezinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komgogodla ibonakala eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Le miphumela emibi kamuva ingafaka izinkinga zokukhumbula nokucinga. Ubuchwepheshe be-stereotactic radiosurgery busebenzisa ama-gamma rays amancane amaningi ukuletha inani eliqondile lomgogodla endaweni eqondiswe kuyo. I-Stereotactic radiosurgery yezibopho zengqondo iyindlela enamandla yokwelashwa komgogodla. Ihambisa imisebe yomgogodla evela ezingxenyeni eziningi esibophweni sengqondo. Umsebe ngamunye awunamandla kakhulu. Kodwa indawo lapho imisebe ihlangana khona ithola inani elikhulu lomgogodla elibula amaseli esibopho. I-Radiosurgery ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe olusetshenziswayo e-radiosurgery ukuletha umgogodla ukwelapha izibopho zengqondo. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:
• I-linear accelerator radiosurgery. Imishini ye-linear accelerator ibizwa nangokuthi imishini ye-LINAC. Imishini ye-LINAC iyaziwa ngamagama abo emikhiqizo, njenge-CyberKnife, i-TrueBeam kanye nabanye. Umishini we-LINAC uqondisa imisebe yamandla ebushelelezi ngesikhathi esisodwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ezahlukene. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-X-rays.
• I-Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Umishini we-Gamma Knife uqondisa imisebe emincane eminingi yomgogodla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imisebe yenziwe ngama-gamma rays.
• I-Proton radiosurgery. I-Proton radiosurgery isebenzisa imisebe eyenziwe ngamaprotons. Lolu uhlobo olusha lwe-radiosurgery. Luyaqala ukuba luvamile kodwa alutholakali kuzo zonke izibhedlela. I-Radiosurgery ivame ukwenziwa ngokwelashwa okukodwa noma okumbalwa. Ungabuya ekhaya ngemuva kokwelashwa futhi awudingi ukuhlala esibhedlela. Imiphumela emibi ye-radiosurgery ihlanganisa ukukhathala kakhulu kanye nezinguquko zesikhumba esikhundleni sakho. Isikhumba sekhanda lakho singase sibe somile, sibe nomkhuhlane futhi sibe nomuzwa. Ungase ube nama-blisters esikhumbeni noma ukulahleka kwezinwele. Ngezinye izikhathi ukulahleka kwezinwele kuhlala njalo. I-Chemotherapy yezibopho zengqondo isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amaseli esibopho. Imithi ye-chemotherapy ingathengwa ngefomu le-pill noma ifakwe emithanjeni. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ye-chemotherapy ifakwa ezicubwini zengqondo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokwelashwa komgogodla. Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy kuncike ohlotsheni nendlela yemithi oyitholayo. I-Chemotherapy ingabangela ukuphefumula, ukugabha kanye nokulahleka kwezinwele. Ukuphathwa okuqondiswe kwezibopho zengqondo kusebenzisa imithi ehlasela amakhemikhali athile akhona ngaphakathi kwamaseli esibopho. Ngokuvimba lawa makhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungabangela amaseli esibopho ukufa. Imithi yokwelashwa okuqondiswe iyatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wengqondo kanye nezibopho ezilungile zengqondo. Amaseli esibopho sakho sengqondo angase avivinywe ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungenzeka kukusize. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ungase udinga usizo lokuphinda uthole umsebenzi engxenyeni yengqondo yakho eyayinesibopho. Ungase udinga usizo lokuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukubona nokucinga. Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase aphakamise:
• Ukuphathwa komzimba ukukusiza uphinde uthole amakhono okunyakaza alahlekile noma amandla emisipha.
• Ukuphathwa komsebenzi ukukusiza ubuyele emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke evamile, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi.
• Ukuphathwa kokukhuluma ukukusiza uma ukukhuluma kunzima.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwezingane ezikhulayo ukubasiza ukuba babhekane nezinguquko ekukhumbula kwabo nasekucabangeni kwabo. Bhalisa mahhala futhi uthole okulandelayo ngokwelashwa kwesibopho sengqondo, ukuxilongwa kanye nokuhlinzwa. sixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisa i-imeyili. Ucwaningo oluncane luye lwenziwa ekuwelapheni okusekelayo nokuhlukile kwezibopho zengqondo. Awekho ukwelashwa okusekelayo okuye kwabonakala kulula ukwelapha izibopho zengqondo. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nokucindezeleka kokuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo ezingakusiza ukuba ubhekane zifaka:
• Ukuphathwa kobuciko.
• Ukuzivocavoca.
• Ukucamngca.
• Ukuphathwa komculo.
• Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula. Khuluma neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezinketho zakho. Abanye abantu bathi ukuxilongwa kwesibopho sengqondo kuzwakala kukhulu futhi kuyesabekayo. Kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi awunalo igunya lempilo yakho. Kungasiza ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqonda isimo sakho nokukhuluma ngemizwa yakho. Cabanga ukuzama:
• Funda okwanele ngezibopho zengqondo ukuze wenze izinqumo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngohlobo lwakho oluthile lwesibopho sengqondo. Buza ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha, futhi uma uthanda, i-prognosis yakho. Njengoba ufunda okuningi ngezibopho zengqondo, ungase uzizwe ukhulu ngokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha. Funafuna ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni ethembekile, njenge-American Cancer Society ne-National Cancer Institute.
• Gcina abangane nomndeni eduze. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bakho obuseduze buqinile kuzokusiza ukuba ubhekane nesibopho sakho sengqondo. Abangane nomndeni bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okuwusizo, njengokusiza ukunakekela ikhaya lakho uma usesibhedlela. Futhi bangakhonza njengokwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uzizwa ukhulu umdlavuza.
• Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuba liphakamise umxhumanisi noma umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wezokwelapha ongaxoxa naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ngamaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungasiza ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha. Thola umuntu okhuluma naye. Thola umlaleli omuhle ozimisele ukukuzwa ukhuluma ngethemba lakho nokwesaba kwakho. Lokhu kungaba umngane, ilungu lomndeni noma ilungu lebandla. Cela iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuba liphakamise umxhumanisi noma umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wezokwelapha ongaxoxa naye. Buza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ngamaqembu wokusekela isibopho sengqondo endaweni yakho. Kungasiza ukufunda ukuthi abanye abantu abasesimweni sakho bafuna ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezokwelapha.