Ubuhlungu Bokudla: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu bokudla buqala lapho amaseli esiphundu sakho ekhula ngokungapheli futhi enza iziphundu. I-esophagus yakho yiyona phunga yemisipha ethwala ukudla kusuka entanyeni yakho kuya esiswini sakho, futhi uma umdlavuza uthinta le ndawo, ungaphazamisa ukugwinya nokugaya.

Nakuba lokhu kuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi ubhekene nani kuzokusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, enenjongo ngokusekelwa komshini.

Ubuhlungu Bokudla Yini?

Ubuhlungu bokudla buvela lapho amaseli avamile esiphundu sakho ashintsha futhi azale ngokungapheli. La maseli angavamile enza amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi iziphundu ezingavimba indlela yokudla futhi zisakazeke ezinhlanganweni eziseduze.

Cabanga nge-esophagus yakho njengophuli oluguquguqukayo olude cishe amasentimitha angu-10. Uma iphilile, ihlanganisa ngamaza ukususa ukudla phansi esiswini sakho. Umdlavuza uphula le nkonzo evamile ngokwenza ukukhula okunciphisa ipayipi noma okonakalisa izindonga zemisipha.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvamise ukuqala kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Ukubona kusenesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube nomphumela omuhle, kungakho ukuqaphela izimpawu nokuqonda izimbangela kubalulekile kangaka empilweni yakho.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zobudlavuza Bokudla?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zobudlavuza bokudla, futhi ziqala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesophagus yakho. I-Adenocarcinoma ivame ukwenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yesophagus yakho, eduze kwesisu sakho, futhi ivame ukuvela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Barrett's esophagus.

I-Squamous cell carcinoma ivame ukwenzeka ezingxenyeni eziphezulu naphakathi kwesophagus yakho. Lolu hlobo luvela kumaseli abukhali ahlanganisa ngaphakathi kwesophagus yakho futhi luvame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, nakuba i-adenocarcinoma ikhula emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

Zombili izinhlobo zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa zinezimbangela ezahlukene futhi zingase ziphendule ngokuhlukile ekwelapheni. Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile, njengoba lolu lwazi luqondisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zobudlavuza Bokudla?

Isimpawu esivamile sokuqala ukubona ubunzima bokuginya, okuqala ngokudla okuqinile futhi kungase kuqhubekele ekuginyeni izinto ezinwetshiwe. Ungase uzwe sengathi ukudla kunamathele esifubeni sakho noma entanyeni yakho, ngisho noma ungadli okuningi.

Nazi izimpawu okufanele uzilandele, khumbula ukuthi izigaba zokuqala zingase zingabangeli zimpawu nhlobo:

• Ubunzima bokuginya obukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-5
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukucindezela ngemuva kwesifuba sakho
• Ukushisa kwesisu noma ukubuyela emuva kokudla okungaphuli ngemithi
• Ukukhazimula noma ukukhokha okungapheli
• Ukugabha noma ukukhipha ukudla

Izimpawu ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukukhokha okungapheli, ubuhlungu emathanjeni, noma ukukhula entanyeni yakho. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe khona nezinye izimo eziningi, ngakho-ke ukuba nazo akusho ukuthi une-cancer.

Okubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu eziqhubeka noma ezibe zimbi ngamaviki ambalwa. Ubuhlungu bokudla obusenesikhathi luvamise ukungabangeli zimpawu, kungakho ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile uma unezingozi.

Yini Ebangela Ubuhlungu Bokudla?

Ubuhlungu bokudla buqala lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA kubangela amaseli ukuba akhule ngokungavamile, kodwa asiwazi njalo ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zinguquko. Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala okungapheli kwesophagus yakho kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo.

Izici eziningi zingalimaza i-esophagus yakho isikhathi eside futhi zikhulise ingozi yomdlavuza:

• Ukubuyela emuva kokudla okungapheli okwenza ukuvuvukala okungapheli
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco nganoma iyiphi indlela, kufaka phakathi ukubhema nokukhinya
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi
• I-Barrett's esophagus, isimo esingaphambi komdlavuza
• Izinto ezishisayo kakhulu ezisetshenziswa njalo
• Ukukhuluphala, okwandisa ukubuyela emuva kokudla

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-tylosis, ukukhishwa kweradieysheni endaweni yesifuba, nokulimala okubangelwa ukugwinya amakhemikhali aqinile. Abanye abantu bathola ubuhlungu bokudla ngaphandle kwezingozi ezaziwayo.

Ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza ngokuqinisekile. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi eziningi abazutholi ubuhlungu bokudla, kanti abanye abanezingozi ezimbalwa bayabuthola.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngezimpawu Zobudlavuza Bokudla?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubunzima bokuginya buhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa noma bube sibi kakhulu. Ungalindi uma ukuginya kuqala ukuba buhlungu noma uma ulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzikhandla.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uhlushwa ukushisa kwesisu okungapheli okungaphulwa yimithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho, ikakhulukazi uma futhi ubunzima bokuginya. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganiswe ndawonye zidinga ukuhlolwa komshini.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ungakwazi ukuginya izinto ezinwetshiwe, ugabha igazi, noma ubuhlungu besifuba esibi. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ukuze kuvinjwe izinkinga.

Khumbula ukuthi izinhlupheko eziningi zokugwinya azilona ubuhlungu bokudla, kodwa ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kuholela emiphumeleni emihle uma kukhona umdlavuza. Udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe yini.

Ziyini Izingozi Zobudlavuza Bokudla?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola ubuhlungu bokudla, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici akusho ukuthi uzothola leyo gciwane. Ubudala buyisici esibalulekile, njengoba abantu abaningi abaxilongwe baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65.

Izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinguqukayo zihlanganisa:

• I-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ihlala iminyaka eminingi
• Ukubhema ugebengu, isigar, noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ze-tobacco
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu njalo
• Ukukhuluphala kakhulu noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukuba ne-Barrett's esophagus evela ekubuyeleni emuva kokudla okungapheli
• Ukudla imifino nemifino encane kakhulu

Izingozi ezingaguquki zihlanganisa ukuba owesilisa, njengoba amadoda ethola ubuhlungu bokudla kakhulu kunabesifazane. Izimo ezithile ze-genetic ezingavamile kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesifuba ngeradieysheni futhi kukhulise ingozi.

Izici zezwe nomlando zidlala indima futhi. Amanani obudlavuza bokudla ahlukahluka kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, amanani aphezulu ezingxenyeni zase-Asia nase-Afrika, ngokuvamile ehambisana nezici zokudla nezokuzungezile.

Ziyini Izinhlupheko Ezingase Zivele Ngokudlavuza Bokudla?

Ubuhlungu bokudla bungabangela izinhlupheko eziningi njengoba buqhubeka, ubunzima bokuginya buyisivamile kunazo zonke. Njengoba iziphundu zikhula, zingavimba i-esophagus yakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukudla okwanele.

Nazi izinhlupheko eziyinhloko ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuvimba okuphelele kwesophagus yakho, ukuvimba ukuginya
• Ukondleka okungalungile nokulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu ngenxa yokungakwazi ukudla
• I-Aspiration pneumonia uma ukudla kungena emaphashini akho
• Ukuphuma kwegazi esihlungwini noma ezinhlanganweni eziseduze
• Ukubhebhetheka ezinhlanganweni eziseduze njengemiphunga yakho, isibindi, noma amathambo
• Ukwenziwa kokuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwesophagus yakho nezinhlangothi zomoya

Izinhlupheko ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukuqhekeka kwesophagus yakho, okwenza umgodi odongeni. Lolu bhubhane lwezokwelapha ludingani ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuvimba ukutheleleka okubulalayo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlupheko eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe ngokwelashwa okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela eduze futhi lisebenele ngokushesha uma izinhlupheko zivele.

Ubuhlungu Bokudla Buhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, okulandelelwa ukuhlolwa komzimba. Uma kukhona ukungabaza ngobudlavuza bokudla, uzodinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kokuxilongwa yi-upper endoscopy, lapho ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinamakhamera lihlola ngaphakathi kwesophagus yakho. Ngalesi senzo, udokotela wakho angabona izindawo ezingavamile futhi athathe amasampula ezinhlangothi zokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusiza ukuqonda ubukhulu bomdlavuza uma utholakala. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-CT scans yesifuba sakho nesisu, i-PET scans ukuhlola ukubhebhetheka, ne-endoscopic ultrasound ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ukhulu kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi anikeze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kokugwinya i-barium, lapho uphuza khona ulwetshi olukhulu olukhombisa i-esophagus yakho kuma-X-rays. Lezi zivivinyo zihlanganiswe ndawonye zinikeza isithombe esiphelele sesimo sakho.

Ukuphathwa Kwebudlavuza Bokudla Kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza wakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezifiso zakho siqu. Umdlavuza osenesikhathi esincane ohlanganisiwe esiphundu unezinketho eziningi zokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela emihle kunomdlavuza oqhubekile oselukhumile.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kobudlavuza bokudla obusenesikhathi esincane. Inqubo evamile ikhipha ingxenye noma yonke i-esophagus yakho futhi ixhumanisa isisu sakho engxenyeni eseleyo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okukhulu kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu nokuphulukiswa okucophelelekile.

Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa zihlanganisa:

• I-Chemotherapy ukuze inciphisa iziphundu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza aseleyo
• I-Radiation therapy ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza ngemisebe yamandla aphezulu
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omdlavuza
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nomdlavuza
• Ukuphathwa kwe-Endoscopic kobudlavuza obusenesikhathi esincane kakhulu

Ukuphathwa komdlavuza oqhubekile kugxila ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekugcineni ikhwalithi yempilo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinqubo zokugcina i-esophagus yakho ivulekile ukuginya, ukulawula ubuhlungu, kanye nokusekelwa kokudla.

Iqembu lakho lokwelashwa cishe lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenza ndawonye. Bazochaza izinzuzo nezingozi zeminye iminikelo, bakusize wenze izinqumo ezivumelana nemigomo yakho namathemba.

Indlela Yokwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sobudlavuza Bokudla?

Ukuphathwa kobudlavuza bokudla ekhaya kugxila ekugcineni ukudla kwakho, ukulawula izimpawu, nokusekela impilo yakho yonke. Ukudla kungase kube nzima, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ulungise indlela yakho yokudla nokudla.

Qala ngokudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile usuku lonke kunokudla okukhulu okukodwa. Khetha ukudla okuthambile, okunwetshiwe okulula ukuginya, futhi uthathe izicucu ezincane, uginye kahle ngaphambi kokuginya.

Amasu awusizo ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinwetshiwe phakathi kokudla kunokudla ngokudla
• Ukuhlala uqonde ngesikhathi sodla futhi imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kwalokho
• Ukusebenzisa izithasiselo zokudla uma ukudla okuvamile kuqala ukuba nzima
• Ukuqapha ukudla okushisayo kakhulu noma okubandayo kakhulu
• Ukugcina idayari yokudla ukuze ulandelele ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono

Ukulawula ubuhlungu ekhaya kungase kuhlanganise imithi ebekiwe ethathwe njengoba iqondiswe, ukushisa okumnandi noma ukwelashwa okubandayo, kanye nezinqubo zokupumula. Hlala uxhumana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ezibi kakhulu.

Unganqikazi ukucela usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke uma uyidinga. Ukuba nokusekelwa komndeni nabangane kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphulukiseni kwakho nasekhwalithi yempilo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba ocacile mayelana nobunzima bokuginya, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nanoma yiluphi ubuhlungu obuhlushwa yilo.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, amavithamini, nezithasiselo ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithamo. Lungiselela futhi uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengoba i-aphoyintimenti yezokwelapha ingase izwakale ikhulu futhi kulula ukukhohlwa izikhalo ezibalulekile.

Ulwazi olubalulekile olumele luqoqwe luhlanganisa:

• Umlando wakho ophelele wezokwelapha nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza noma izifo zokugaya
• Umlando wakho wokusebenzisa utshwala ne-tobacco
• Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesithombe noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi namafomu okudlulisela uma kudingeka

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo. Bangakusiza futhi ucabange ngemibuzo ongase ungayicabanganga.

Zilungiselele ngokomzwelo ngokuqonda ukuthi ukuthola izimpendulo kuthatha isikhathi. Udokotela wakho angase angabi nolwazi oluphelele ngemuva kokuvakashela okukodwa, futhi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kube nokuxilongwa okufanele nohlelo lokwelashwa.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Nobudlavuza Bokudla?

Ubuhlungu bokudla buyisimo esinzima, kodwa ukuqonda kukwenza ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho. Ukubona kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela nekhwalithi yempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ubunzima bokuginya obuqhubekayo bufuna ukuhlolwa komshini. Nakuba izinhlupheko eziningi zokugwinya azilona ubuhlungu bokudla, ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu ngokushesha kuholela emiphumeleni emihle uma kukhona umdlavuza.

Uma uxilongwe ngobudlavuza bokudla, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele ngokunakekelwa komshini okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lilapho ukukhokhela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zale ndlela.

Gxilisa ingqondo kulokho ongakulawula, njengokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ukugcina ukudla okuhle, nokuhlala uxhumene nesistimu yakho yokusekela. Thatha izinto usuku ngalunye, futhi unganqikazi ukucela usizo uma uyidinga.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nobudlavuza Bokudla

Ingabe ubuhlungu bokudla bungaphuliwa?

Yebo, ubuhlungu bokudla bungaphuliwa, ikakhulukazi uma kubonwa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba lusakazeke. Izinga lokuphola lixhomeke esigabeni sokutholakala, ngokuba nomdlavuza osenesikhathi esincane unemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ngisho nomdlavuza oqhubekile ngezinye izikhathi ungaphuliwa ngokwelashwa okunzima, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ubuhlungu bokudla busakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Ubuhlungu bokudla buvamise ukuqala kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kodwa uma selisekile, lungasakazeka ngezilinganiso ezahlukene kuye ngohlobo nezici zomuntu siqu. Abanye abantu abane-cancer bakhula futhi basakazeka ngokushesha, kanti abanye baqhubeka kancane. Kungakho ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa okusheshayo kubalulekile uma izimpawu zivele.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme ngobudlavuza bokudla?

Gwema ukudla okunzima ukuginya noma okungase kuvuvukale i-esophagus yakho, njengezinye izingcezu zenyama, isinkwa esiqinile, imifino eluhlaza, izithelo ze-citrus, ukudla okunoshukela, kanye nezinto ezishisayo kakhulu. Gxila ekudleni okuthambile, okunwetshiwe okulula ukuginya. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingakunikeza isiqondiso esiningi sokudla esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nesigaba sokwelashwa.

Ingabe ubuhlungu bokudla buyafa?

Ubuhlungu bokudla obuningi abulona oluyafa, okusho ukuthi abudluli emindenini. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingandisa ingozi, futhi amalungu omndeni angase abe nezici eziyingozi zokuzungezile njengokubhema noma amasiko okudla. Uma unembali yomndeni wobudlavuza bokudla, xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde izinga lakho lokulimala.

Iyini izinga lokuphila ngobudlavuza bokudla?

Izinga lokuphila lihlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesigaba lapho umdlavuza utholakala khona nempilo yakho yonke. Ubuhlungu bokudla obusenesikhathi esincane bunezinga lokuphila elihle kakhulu kunomdlavuza oqhubekile oselukhumile. Noma kunjalo, lezi yizibalo ezijwayelekile, futhi umphumela wakho siqu uyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningi udokotela wakho angaxoxa nawe ngazo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.