Uyini i-Esthesioneuroblastoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma uhlobo lwe-kansa oluqhelile oluvela emgodini wakho wekhala, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ephakeme lapho iqondo lokunuka kwakho liqala khona. Lobu buhlungu bukhula eziseleni zezinzwa zokunuka ezikusiza ukuba ubone iziphefumulo nezinongo.

Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda le meko kungakusiza ukuba uqaphele izimpawu ezingase zikhona futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Le kansa ithonya abantu abangaphansi kuka-1 ngesigidi minyaka yonke, okwenza kube yinto engavamile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuxilongwa okuqondile nokuphathwa, abantu abaningi abane le meko bangaba nemiphumela emihle.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-esthesioneuroblastoma zivame ukuzwakala njengengxaki eziqhelile ze-sinus, yingakho le kansa ingase ibe nzima ukuyixilonga ekuqaleni. Ungase uqaphele ukushintsha okubonakala njengokubanda okuqhubekayo noma ukutheleleka kwe-sinus okungeke kuphele.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu avamile ongawabona:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukunuka (anosmia) okungaphuli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuvalela kwekhala ngakolunye uhlangothi oluqhubekayo
• Ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni okuvela njalo noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ikhala eligeleza elina-discharge ecacile noma egazi
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni noma ukucindezela eduze nekhala namehlo
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziqala kakhulu noma ezinzima
• Ukushintsha embonini yakho noma ukubona okubili

Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezinkulu. Lezi zingafaka ukukhula kweliso elilodwa, ukushintsha kokunambitheka, noma ukungabi namandla ebusweni. Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nokuzizwa kokuqina ekhaleni okungapheli ngokwelashwa okuvamile kwe-sinus.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma ikansa isakazeka ezindaweni eziseduze, ungase ube nezimpawu ezinjengokunzima ukugwinya, ukushintsha kwezwi lakho, noma ama-lymph nodes ahlunguluwe entanyeni yakho. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala kuphela ezigabeni eziphambili zesifo.

Yini ebangela i-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-esthesioneuroblastoma ayikaziwa yizifundiswa zezokwelapha. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-kansa ezinamazinga okutholakala okuqondile, lobu buhlungu bubonakala bukhula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuqondile esingakwazi ukusikhomba.

Izifundiswa zikholelwa ukuthi le kansa iqala lapho amaseli e-olfactory epithelium (ithishu elenza umsebenzi wokunuka) eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile. La maseli avame ukuba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona iziphefumulo nokuthumela imiyalezo ebuchosheni bakho, kodwa kukhona okuthile okubenza bazale ngokungapheli.

Abanye abacwaningi baye bahlola ukuthi ukukhombisa izinto ezithile zekhemikhali noma izinto ezingaphandle zingase zidlale indima. Noma kunjalo, azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile eziye zamiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthola i-esthesioneuroblastoma akuyona into obungayigwema ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila noma ukugwema ukukhombisa okuthile.

Ukungaqondakali kwale kansa kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha izimbangela zayo ngokuphelele. Izimo eziningi zibonakala zingenangqondo, okusho ukuthi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe kunokuba zigijime emindenini noma zihlanganiswe nezinguquko ze-genetic ezitholwe.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu ze-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zekhala eziqhubekayo ezingaphuli ngokwelashwa okuvamile noma isikhathi. Gxila ngokukhethekile ezimpawini ezihlasela uhlangothi olulodwa lwasekhala lakho noma ubuso.

Ngokuqondile, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma una:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukunuka okuphela amasonto angaphezu kwamibili
• Ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukuvalela kwekhala okuqhubekayo ngakolunye uhlangothi
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni obungaphenduli emakhazeni angaphezu kokuthengwa
• Ukushintsha embonini yakho noma isikhundla seliso
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziya zibe zimbi noma eziqala kakhulu

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zibangelwa izimo ezingathí sina njengezinhlungu ze-sinus noma i-allergies, kubalulekile ukuthi ziqhathaniswe uma ziqhubeka. Ukutholwa kwangaphambili kwanoma iyiphi inkinga yekhala noma i-sinus, kufaka phakathi i-kansa engavamile, ngokuvamile kuholela kwimiphumela emihle yokwelashwa.

Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho. Uma kukhona okuzwakala okuhlukile noma okungalungile, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile, kuhlale kuqondile ukufuna ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo.

Ziyini izingozi ze-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-kansa eziningi, i-esthesioneuroblastoma ayinamazinga okutholakala okuqondile okwandisa amathuba akho okuthola leli gciwane. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungalungile, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi cishe awukwenzanga lutho ukuyivimba.

Ubudala bubonakala buyindlela kuphela ehambisana kancane, ngezimo eziningi ezenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-70. Noma kunjalo, le kansa ingathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka, kufaka phakathi abantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ezinye izifundo ziye zaphakamisa ukuthi amadoda angase abe nethuba elikhulu lokukhula le kansa kunabesifazane, kodwa umehluko mncane. Indawo yomhlaba, umsebenzi, nezinto zokuphila azibonakali zithinta kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ukuba nomlando we-nasal polyps, i-sinusitis ehlala njalo, noma ezinye izimo zekhala akwandisi ingozi yakho yokukhula i-esthesioneuroblastoma. Lezi yizimo ezihlukile ezinezimbangela ezihlukile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zikhona ze-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zikhone kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile. Indawo yalobu buhlungu eduze kwemizimba ebalulekile ekhanda lakho yenza ukungenelela kwangaphambili kube yigugu.

Izinhlanganisela zendawo zingase zenzeke lapho umdlavuza ukhula futhi uthinta izakhiwo eziseduze:

• Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele ukunuka uma izinzwa zokunuka zilimele
• Izinkinga zombono uma umdlavuza uya emehlweni akho
• Ukungabi namandla ebusweni noma ubuhlungu ngenxa yokuthinteka kwezinzwa
• Ukutholakala kwe-sinus ehlala njalo ngenxa yokuvimba kokopha
• Ukushintsha kokunambitheka, okuhlanganiswe eduze nokunuka

Izinhlanganisela ezinzima kakhulu zingase zikhule uma ikansa isakazeka kwezinye izindawo. Umdlavuza ungase ufinyelele eziseleni ze-brain, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ngokutholakala kwangaphambili nokwelashwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase ube nezinhlungu zikhanda ezinzima kakhulu, ukubamba, noma ukushintsha emisebenzini yengqondo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-esthesioneuroblastoma ingasakazeka (isakazeke) ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi ama-lymph nodes, amaphaphu, noma amathambo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni eziphambili noma lapho ikansa ingaxilongwa isikhathi eside.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavimbeka noma ziphathwe kahle. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizozama ukunciphisa izingozi ngenkathi liwelapha ikansa.

I-esthesioneuroblastoma ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuthola i-esthesioneuroblastoma kudinga izinyathelo eziningana ngoba izimpawu zayo zingafana nezimo eziqhelile. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola ngokuphelele ikhala lakho ne-sinuses ukubuka noma iyiphi imikhula engavamile noma ukushintsha.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izifundo zokuthola izithombe ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi emgodini wakho wekhala. I-CT scan ingabonisa usayizi nendawo yanoma iyiphi imikhula, ngenkathi i-MRI inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yethishu ebushelelezi futhi ingasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke ezindaweni eziseduze.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza i-nasal endoscopy, ehlanganisa ukufaka i-tube encane, eguqayo enekhamera ekhaleni lakho. Lokhu kuyamvumela ukuba abone umdlavuza ngokuqondile futhi athathe isampula encane yethishu (biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

I-biopsy ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa. I-pathologist izohlola isampula yethishu ukuze ikhombe uhlobo oluthile lwamaseli futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ayikho ikansa. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwisampula yethishu kusiza ekutholeni uhlobo oluqondile lwe-esthesioneuroblastoma.

Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswe, iqembu lakho lezempilo lingase liphakamise ukuskena okuqhubekayo ukuze lihlole ukuthi ikansa isakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Le nqubo yokulinganisa iyasiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-esthesioneuroblastoma ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimisiwe ukususa umdlavuza nokuvimbela ukubuyela kwakhe. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluthile luxhomeke ekusayizini nendawo yomdlavuza wakho, kanye nokuthi usakazeke yini.

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-kansa. Udokotela wakho uzozama ukususa umdlavuza wonke ngenkathi egcina ithishu evamile nomsebenzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amakhono okuhlinzwa okuqondile, kufaka phakathi izindlela ze-endoscopic ngekhala, ngokuvamile angakwazi ukukwenza lokhu ngezinqubo ezingathí sina kunangaphambili.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amaseli e-kansa asaleyo angase angabonakali ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu eqondiswe ngokuqondile endaweni yomdlavuza ukuze kuncishiswe ukonakala kwethishu enempilo.

Uhlelo lokwelapha lakho lungase futhi luhlanganise:

• I-Chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi ngemikhula emikhulu noma uma ikansa isakazeke
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli e-kansa
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa ne-kansa
• Izinsizakalo zokuvuselelwa ukuze usize nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kokusebenza

Inqubo yokwelashwa ingase izwakale iyesabekayo, kodwa iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokukhokhela kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Bazochaza ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa ngakunye kunconywe nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi senqubo.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukulawula izimpawu nemiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizonikeza isiqondiso esithile esisekelwe ehlelweni lakho lokwelapha nezidingo zakho zomuntu siqu.

Ngokucindezeleka kwekhala nokucindezela kwe-sinus, ukuhlanza okumnene kwe-saline kungasiza ekuqondeni izindlela zakho zekhala futhi kucace. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izikhwama zekhala ezithile noma imithi yokulawula ukuvuvukala nokungahambi kahle.

Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa ukunuka, gxila ekuphepheni kokudla ngoba ungase ungakwazi ukuthola ukudla okonakele ngokunuka. Sebenzisa izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokucophelela futhi ucabange ukudla nabanye abangakusiza ekutholeni noma iyiphi imiklamo yokuphepha kokudla.

Nawa amanye amakhambi okududuza avamile angasiza:

• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze ugcine umoya ukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokulala
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi ukuze usiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhala
• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile uma ukushintsha kokunambitheka kuchaphazela isisindo sakho
• Phumula uma uzizwa ukhathele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okusebenzayo
• Ukuzivocavoca okumnene njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho kungasiza ekuqondeni amandla

Ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezempilo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukukhathazeka. Bavame ukulungisa ukwelashwa noma banikeze imithi eyengeziwe ukuze bakusize uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelashwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Gcina ulandelela imininingwane ethile mayelana nezimpawu zakho, njengokuthi zithinta yini uhlangothi olulodwa noma womabili ekhaleni lakho, yini eyenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi, nanoma yiziphi izindlela oziqaphelayo. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde isimo sakho ngokuphelele.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi engaphezu kokuthengwa nezinhlanganisela. Futhi, lungiselela isifinyezo sanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okudlule okuye wakuzama ngezimpawu zakho zekhala nokuthi kusebenze kahle kangakanani.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo uma uthola izindaba ezinkulu.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho ngaphambili. Ungase ufune ukwazi ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo, ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingase zidingeke, noma ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxilonga. Ukuba nale mibuzo ebhalwe phansi kuqinisekisa ukuthi awuyikhohlwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-esthesioneuroblastoma?

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma uhlobo lwe-kansa oluqhelile kodwa oluphulukiswayo oluthinta umgodini wekhala. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kuyesabekayo, ukuthuthuka kwemikhuba yokwelapha nokukhetha ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthukisa imiphumela ngokuphawulekayo kubantu abane le meko.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izimpawu zekhala eziqhubekayo zifanele zitholakale ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma zingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile noma zithinta uhlangothi olulodwa lwasekhala lakho. Ukutholwa kwangaphambili nokwelashwa ngokuvamile kuholela kwimiphumela emihle.

Awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lihlanganisa ochwepheshe abaqonda le meko engavamile futhi bane-experience yokuywelapha. Bazosebenza nawe ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nesimo sakho esithile ngenkathi besekela inhlalakahle yakho yonke.

Hlala uxhumana neqembu lakho lezempilo kulo lonke inqubo futhi ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ukukhuluma ngokukhathazeka. Ukuqonda isimo sakho nokukhetha ukwelashwa kungakusiza uzizwe uqinile futhi ulawule ngesikhathi saleli xesha elinzima.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-esthesioneuroblastoma

Q.1 Ingabe i-esthesioneuroblastoma iyefa?

Cha, i-esthesioneuroblastoma ngokuvamile ayiyona ifa. Izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle komlando womndeni wesifo. Alikho ubufakazi bokuthi le kansa igijima emindenini noma ibingelwa yizinguquko ze-genetic ezitholwe, ngakho amalungu omndeni wakho awunayo ingozi enkulu ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwakho.

Q.2 Ingabe i-esthesioneuroblastoma ingaphuliwa ngokuphelele?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-esthesioneuroblastoma bangaphuliwa, ikakhulukazi lapho ikansa itholakala kwangaphambili futhi iwelashwe ngokushesha. Izinga lokuphola lixhomeke ezintweni ezinjengokusayizi womdlavuza, indawo, nokuthi usakazeke yini. Ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla ezihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngomgogodla, abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni isikhathi eside.

Q.3 Ingabe ngizolahlekelwa ukunuka kwami ngokuphelele?

Ukulahlekelwa ukunuka kungaba okwesikhashana noma okuphelele kuye ngokwanda komdlavuza nokwelashwa okudingekayo. Abanye abantu bayabuya ukusebenza kokunuka okulinganiselwe noma okuphelele ngemva kokwelashwa, ngenkathi abanye bangase babe nokuhlala beshintsha. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngamathuba okuphulukisa ukunuka ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nehlolo lokwelapha.

Q.4 Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sihluka kuye ngesimo sakho esithile, kodwa ngokuvamile sihlala kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kudinge ukulala esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa, okulandelelwa amaviki ambalwa okwelashwa ngomgogodla uma kudingeka. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizonikeza isikhathi esithile esithile esisekelwe ehlelweni lakho lokwelapha lomuntu siqu.

Q.5 Iyini izinga lokuphila le-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Izinga lokuphila le-esthesioneuroblastoma ngokuvamile likhuthaza, ngezifundo eziningi ezibonisa amazinga okuphila eminyakeni emi-5 angu-70-80% noma ngaphezulu lapho kubanjwe kwangaphambili. Izinto ezithinta imiphumela zihlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi ikansa iphendula kahle kangakanani ekwelapheni. Udokotela wakho anganikeza ulwazi oluqondile olusekelwe ezimweni zakho zomuntu siqu.