Ukuthi yini i-Eye Melanoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Eye melanoma uhlobo oluyimfihlo lomdlavuza olukhula ezicellulweni ezakha umbala emehlweni akho. Nakuba kuzwakala kuyesabekayo, ukuqonda lesi simo kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ezibalulekile futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvamise ukuthinta i-uvea, okuyilinga eliphakathi lehliso lakho elihlanganisa i-iris, umzimba we-ciliary, ne-choroid. Cabanga ngalezi zingxenye njengesistimu yokusekela iso elisiza ekulawuleni ukukhanya futhi likhulise i-retina.

Ukuthi yini i-Eye Melanoma?

I-Eye melanoma ivela lapho ama-melanocytes, amaseli anika iso lakho umbala, eqala ukukhula ngokungavamile nangokungenakulawuleka. Lolu uhlobo olufanayo lwamaseli olukhona ukubangela i-melanoma yesikhumba, kodwa i-eye melanoma iziphatha ngokuhlukile.

Lesi simo sihlukanisa abantu abadala, ngezimo eziningi eziphakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Ngokungafani ne-melanoma yesikhumba, i-eye melanoma ayibangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga, okuvamise ukumangalisa abantu lapho beqala ukufunda ngokuxilongwa kwabo.

Kunezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko lapho i-eye melanoma ingakhula khona. I-Uveal melanoma ihlukanisa izingxenye zangaphakathi ziso lakho, kuyilapho i-conjunctival melanoma ikhula emembraneni ecacile ehlanganisa ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho.

Zithini izimpawu ze-Eye Melanoma?

Ingxenye enzima ye-eye melanoma ukuthi ivame ukukhula ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Abantu abaningi bayithola ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile, kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ungase uqaphele ukushintsha embonweni wakho okuthuthuka kancane kancane:

• Ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okuphambeneyo emehlweni omnye
• Amabala amnyama noma izithunzi endaweni yakho yokubona
• Ukuqhuma kwezinkanyezi noma amabala ahlala ephakamileko azwakala engajwayelekile
• Ibala elimnyama elikhulayo kwi-iris yakho
• Ukushintsha esimweni se-pupil yakho
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona ngecala elilodwa

Abanye abantu bazwa sengathi iso labo lizwakala lihlukile, nakuba bengenakukwazi ukukhomba ukuthi yini eshintshile. Abanye baqaphela ukuthi imigqa eqondile ibonakala iyigobolondo noma igobile lapho bebheka ngeso elithintekayo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ungase ube nobuhlungu noma ucindezeleke emehlweni akho, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kuphela lapho umdlavuza ukhule kakhulu. Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingabonisa nezinye izimo zamehlo ezivamile, ngakho ukuzizwa akusikho ukuthi une-melanoma.

Zithini izinhlobo ze-Eye Melanoma?

Ama-Eye melanomas ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe lapho akhula khona emehlweni akho. Uhlobo oluvamile yi-uveal melanoma, olumele cishe u-85% wazo zonke i-eye melanomas.

I-Uveal melanoma ingaba ezindaweni ezithile ezintathu. I-Choroidal melanoma ikhula ezingeni elingaphansi kwe-retina yakho futhi imele iningi lezimangalo. I-Ciliary body melanoma ihlukanisa umsipha olawula ukubunjwa kwelensi yakho, kuyilapho i-iris melanoma ibonakala engxenyeni enemibala yeso lakho.

I-Conjunctival melanoma iyimfihlo kakhulu futhi ikhula emembraneni ecacile, efinyelela ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho. Lolu hlobo lufana kakhulu ne-melanoma yesikhumba futhi lungahlobana nokukhanya kwelanga.

Kukhona futhi uhlobo oluyimfihlo kakhulu oluthiwa yi-orbital melanoma, oluthinta izicubu ezizungezile iso lakho. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile futhi kuvame ukuhlanganisa iqembu labaqeqeshwe abahlukene.

Yini ebangela i-Eye Melanoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-eye melanoma ayikaziwa kakhulu, okungase kuzwakale kuyacasula lapho uzama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeke. Ngokungafani ne-melanoma yesikhumba, i-eye melanoma ayihlobene ngokuvamile nokukhanya kwelanga noma i-UV radiation.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukushintsha kwe-genetic kuma-melanocytes kuqalisa umdlavuza, kodwa ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zinguquko ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Ezinye izifundo ziqondisa ukuthi ezinye izinguquko ze-genetic zingenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Izici zemvelo zingase zidlale indima, nakuba ubufakazi bufinyelele. Ezinye izifundo ziye zahlola ubuhlobo nokuwelda, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhiqizwayo, noma imisebenzi ethile, kodwa azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile eziye zamiswa.

Ukuba nawo amehlo amhlophe, ikakhulukazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza, kubonakala sengathi kukhuphula ingozi yakho kancane. Isikhumba esimhlophe kanye nobunzima bokuthola i-tan kungase futhi kuhlanganyele engcupheni ephezulu, nakuba uxhumano alinamandla njengoba kunjalo ne-melanoma yesikhumba.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Eye Melanoma?

Kufanele uhlele ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma uqaphela noma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqhubekayo embonweni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlukanisa iso elilodwa. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphucuka zodwa, njengoba ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuphucula kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa amabala amnyama amasha embonweni wakho, uhlangabezana nokushintsha okungazelelwe embonweni, noma uqaphele indawo emnyama ekhulayo kwi-iris yakho. Lezi zinguquko zidinga ukulinganiswa kwabasebenzi, nakuba zivame ukubangelwa ezinye izimo.

Uma unezingozi ze-eye melanoma, njengamehlo amhlophe noma umlando womndeni we-melanoma, xoxa ngezinhlelo zokuhlola ezifanele nodokotela wakho wokunakekela amehlo. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamehlo okuhlanzekile kungathola ukushintsha ngaphambi kokuthi izimpawu zivele.

Ukukhathalela okusheshayo akuvamile ukudingeka ngaphandle uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe, okukhulu embonweni noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besiso. Noma kunjalo, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma ukhathazekile ngokushintsha okusheshayo embonweni wakho.

Zithini izingozi ze-Eye Melanoma?

Ukuqonda izingozi zakho kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngokuqapha nokuqapha. Iminyaka yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu, ngezimo eziningi eziphakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Ezinye izici zomzimba zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho:

• Amehlo amhlophe, ikakhulukazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza
• Isikhumba esimhlophe esishisa kalula
• Uboya obumhlophe noma obubomvu
• Ubunzima bokuthola i-tan
• Ukuba namabala amaningi noma ama-freckles

Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ziphinde zikhulise ingozi. I-Ocular melanocytosis, ebangela ukwanda kombala emehlweni akho, ne-dysplastic nevus syndrome, ehlanganisa amabala angavamile, zombili zidinga ukuqapha okucophelelayo.

Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-melanoma, noma yeso noma yesikhumba, kungase kukhulise kancane ingozi yakho. Ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile, njenge-BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, zikhuphula kakhulu amathuba okuthuthukisa i-eye melanoma.

Ngokungafani ne-melanoma yesikhumba, ukukhanya kwelanga emsebenzini nokusebenzisa ibhedi lokuthola i-tan kubonakala kungakhuphuli ingozi ye-eye melanoma kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kuvame ukumangalisa abantu futhi kuqokomisa ukuthi lo mdlavuza uhlukile kanjani kunesikhumba sakhe.

Zithini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Eye Melanoma?

Inhlanganisela ephambili ukusabalala, lapho amaseli omdlavuza esabalala khona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. I-Eye melanoma inenkambo ethile yokusabalala e-liver, kungakho ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene noku bona ziyahluka ngosayizi womdlavuza nendawo. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nokulahlekelwa okuphelele noma okuphelele embonweni emehlweni athintekayo, kuyilapho abanye begcina ukubona okuhle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokwakho ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela izinhlanganisela. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungase kuholele emehlweni omile, ama-cataracts, noma ukonakala kwe-retina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukususwa kweso ngokusebenza, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka, kudinga ukulungiswa kokubona okukodwa.

I-Secondary glaucoma ingase ithuthuke lapho umdlavuza uhlanganisa ukopha okujwayelekile kweliso lakho. Lokhu kucindezela okwandayo kungabangela izinkinga ezengeziwe zokubona futhi kungase kudinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ama-tumors amakhulu kakhulu angenza iso libe nobuhlungu noma libe nomuzwa ongathandeki. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukuvuvukala noma ukuphuza igazi emehlweni, okungathinta ukubona nokuthula.

Ukuthi i-Eye Melanoma ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukutholwa kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo lapho udokotela wakho azokwandisa khona ama-pupils akho ukuhlola ingaphakathi leso lakho ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyabanika amandla ukubona izindawo ezingase zibe ne-melanoma.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ukuhlola i-retina yakho nezinye izakhiwo zangaphakathi zamehlo. Bangase bathathe izithombe noma basebenzise i-ultrasound ukulinganisa noma yiziphi izindawo ezimangalisayo futhi baqonde izici zazo.

I-Fluorescein angiography ihlanganisa ukufaka umbala okukhethekile engalweni yakho oya ezinhlanzi zegazi zamehlo akho. Lolu vivi lusiza odokotela ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ezindaweni ezimangalisayo futhi lingabonisa izici zomdlavuza.

I-Fine needle aspiration biopsy ngezinye izikhathi isebenza ukuthola amasampula e-tissue, nakuba kungadingeki njalo ukutholwa. Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kwamaseli omdlavuza ukuze akusize ukubikezela ukuziphatha nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Ezinye izifundo zokuthola izithombe, njenge-MRI noma i-CT scans, zisiza ukuqonda uma umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kweso lakho. Lezi zihloko zibalulekile ekuqondeni umdlavuza nokuhlela ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-Eye Melanoma kuyini?

Izinketho zokwelashwa ziyahluka ngosayizi womdlavuza wakho, indawo, kanye nezici ze-genetic, kanye nempilo yakho yonke nemigomo yokubona. Isihloko sihlala sisusa umdlavuza ngenkathi sigcina ukubona okuningi nokusebenza kwamehlo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukuba yindlela yokwelashwa ethandwa kakhulu yama-tumors asayizi ophakathi. I-Plaque brachytherapy ihlanganisa ukufaka i-disc encane ye-radioactive emehlweni akho, inikeza umgogodla ogxile ngqo emdlavuzini izinsuku ezimbalwa.

I-External beam radiation isebenzisa umgogodla ogxile ngokuqondile ngaphandle komzimba wakho. I-Proton beam therapy, etholakala ezindaweni ezikhethekile, inganikeza umgogodla ngokuqondile okukhulu, okungase kunciphisa ukonakala kwezicubu eziseduze ezempilo.

Izinketho zokusebenza zihlanganisa ukususa okukhethekile, lapho ochwepheshe besusa khona umdlavuza ngenkathi begcina iso lakho. I-Enucleation, noma ukususa iso, kuba yadingeka lapho ama-tumors amakhulu kakhulu noma lapho ukubona kungenakugcinwa.

Ngama-tumors amancane, udokotela wakho angase akhuthaze ukuqapha okucophelelayo ngokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ezinye i-melanomas ezincane zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ukwelashwa okusha kuhlanganisa imithi yokwelashwa ehloselwe ukuhlasela izinguquko ze-genetic ezithile emaseli e-melanoma. I-Immunotherapy, esiza isimiso sakho sokugcina impilo ukulwa nomdlavuza, ibonisa ithemba ezimweni eziphambili.

Ukuthi ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Eye Melanoma kuyini?

Ukuphatha imiphumela ebiyelayo yokwelashwa kuvame ukudinga amasu akhethekile ongawasebenzisa ekhaya. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, ungase uhlangabezane nokuvuvukala kwamehlo okuphendula kahle kuma-drops okuhlanza.

Ukuvikela amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okukhulu kubalulekile ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa. Ukugqoka izigqoko zokukhanya nokugwema isikhathi eside sesikrini kungasiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki nokucindezeleka.

Ukugcina impilo enhle yonke isekela ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuphulukisa nokubhekana nokwelashwa. Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuhlala uthambile, nokuphumula okwanele konke kuhlanganyela ekuphulukiseni kwakho.

Ukushintsha kokubona ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuyinto evamile futhi ngokuvamile kuyashesha. Ukulungisa indawo yakho yasekhaya ukuze uhlangabezane nanoma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa kokubona kungakusiza ugcine ukuzimela nokulondeka.

Ukulandela imiyalo yodokotela wakho ngokuphathelene nokuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma utholile ukusebenza noma uthola umgogodla. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zidinga ukulinganiselwa okwesikhashana ekugoqweni, ekuphakameni okukhulu, noma emisebenzini enzima.

Ukuthi kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-Appointment yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi lapho zaqala khona nokuthi zishintshile kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ukuqhubeka nobukhulu besimo sakho.

Hlanganisa uhlu oluphelele lwemithi, izithasiselo, nama-drops wamehlo osebenzisa wona. Ezinye imithi ingathinta amehlo akho noma ihlangane nokwelashwa, ngakho-ke lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekunakekelweni okuphephile.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Ungangabazi ukubuza ngemiphumela yempumelelo, imiphumela ebiyelayo, nokuthi ukwelashwa kungathinta kanjani imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani e-appointment yakho uma kungenzeka. Ukuba nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo kusiza, futhi umuntu ongeziwe angakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha.

Bula noma yiziphi izirekhodi zokuhlolwa kwamehlo zangaphambili noma izifundo zokuthola izithombe onazo. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukulandelela ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungathinta izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Yini eyinhloko mayelana ne-Eye Melanoma?

I-Eye melanoma iyisimo esinzima kodwa esingelashwa, ikakhulukazi lapho itholakala ngokushesha ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kwamehlo. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kuyacasula, abantu abaningi bagcina ukubona okuhle kanye nekhwalithi yempilo ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Isenzo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha yukuqapha ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamehlo, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi noma uqaphela ukushintsha kokubona. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuphucula kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa nokulondolozwa kokubona.

Ukwelashwa kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kunikeza izinketho eziningi zokulondoloza ukubona ngenkathi ukwelashwa umdlavuza ngempumelelo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondisa umdlavuza wakho nemigomo yakho siqu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa i-eye melanoma, futhi ukuhlangabezana nezimpawu akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlala uqaphile ngempilo yakho yamehlo nokugcina ukunakekelwa okuvamile kunikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Eye Melanoma

Ingakugwemeka yini i-eye melanoma?

Ngeshwa, asikho isindlela esiqinisekisiwe sokuvimbela i-eye melanoma njengoba izimbangela zayo eziqondile azikaziwa ngokuphelele. Ngokungafani ne-melanoma yesikhumba, i-eye melanoma ayihlobene ngokuvamile nokukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kwelanga akunciphisi ingozi kakhulu. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamehlo, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi njengamehlo amhlophe noma umlando womndeni we-melanoma.

Ivamile kangakanani i-eye melanoma?

I-Eye melanoma iyimfihlo kakhulu, ihlukanisa abantu abangu-5-7 kuphela ngesigidi minyaka yonke e-United States. Lokhu kungaqondakali kusho ukuthi abanikazi abaningi bokukhathalela amehlo babona izimo ezimbalwa kuphela phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo. Nakuba izinombolo zincinyane, lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nobuchwepheshe ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle.

Ngingalahlekelwa yini ukubona kwami uma ngine-eye melanoma?

Imiphumela yokubona iyahluka kakhulu ngosayizi womdlavuza wakho, indawo, kanye nendlela yokwelashwa esetshenziswayo. Abantu abaningi bagcina ukubona okuhle emehlweni abo athintekayo, ikakhulukazi lapho i-melanoma itholakala ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzoqondisa ukulindela okuqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile futhi asebenze ukulondoloza ukubona okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ingabe i-eye melanoma iyefa?

Iningi le-eye melanomas aliyona ifa, okusho ukuthi alihambi emindenini. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimo ze-genetic ezingavamile, njenge-BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, zingakhuphula ingozi kakhulu. Uma unemlando womndeni we-melanoma noma izindlela ezingavamile zomdlavuza, xoxa ngokuncoma kwe-genetic nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngibe ne-appointments zokulandelela kangani ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Izinhlelo zokulandelela ziyahluka ngohlobo lokwelashwa nezingozi zakho siqu, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa yonke imihla engu-3-6 ekuqaleni, bese kuba minyaka yonke iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqapha okuvamile kubalulekile ngoba i-eye melanoma ngezinye izikhathi ingasabalala kwezinye izitho, ikakhulukazi i-liver, ngisho neminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kweso. Udokotela wakho uzoqamba uhlelo lokuqapha olufanele isimo sakho.