Ukuqonda Ukuqonda Okungaphambili: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqonda okungaphambili, okubizwa nangokuthi i-hyperopia, kuyisimo esivamile sokubona lapho uqonda khona izinto ezikude ngokucacile, kodwa izinto eziseduze zibonakala zifihliwe. Kwenzeka uma iso lakho lingagcwalisi ukukhanya kahle, kubangele izithombe ukugxila ngemuva kwe-retina kunokuba kube ngqo kukho.

Lo mthelela wokugxila uthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele futhi ungathuthuka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Ngesikhathi abanye abantu bezelwe beqonda okungaphambili okuncane okuthuthuka njengoba bekhula, abanye bangase baphawule ukuthi kuba nomthelela omkhulu njengoba bekhula, ikakhulukazi lapho bafunda noma benza umsebenzi oseduze.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqonda okungaphambili?

Isici esibonakalayo sokuqonda okungaphambili ukubona izinto eziseduze ngokunzima ngenkathi ukubona okude kuhlala kucace kakhulu. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi ukufunda, ukubhala, noma ukubuka ifoni yakho kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukubona okufifiwe lapho ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi oseduze
• Ukuhlupheka kwamehlo noma ukubuhlungu kwamehlo ngemuva kokugxila emisebenzini eseduze
• Izinhlungu zikhanda, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokufunda noma umsebenzi wekhompyutha
• Ukuqina amehlo ukuze ubone ngokucacile eduze
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngemuva kwemisebenzi edinga ukubona okude
• Ukubona kunzima ukugxila emsebenzini onemininingwane

Abantwana abanawo ukuqonda okungaphambili bangase babonise izimpawu ezahlukile njengoba bavame ukulungisa ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi banezinkinga zokubona. Bangase bagweme ukufunda, babe nezinkinga esikoleni, noma babonakale bengathandeki emisebenzini edinga ukugxila eduze.

Ezimweni ezithile, abantu abanawo ukuqonda okungaphambili okuncane bangase bangaphawuli izimpawu kuze kube eminyakeni engama-40 lapho izinguquko zemvelo ezihlobene nobudala zenza isimo sibe sobala kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale ngokushesha, kodwa empeleni kuyikhono lokugxila kwamehlo akho eliya lincipha kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini ebangela ukuqonda okungaphambili?

Ukuqonda okungaphambili kwenzeka uma ibhola leso lakho lifushane kakhulu kusuka phambili kuya emuva, noma uma i-cornea yakho inokugoba okuncane kakhulu. Cabanga ngeso lakho njengikhamera edinga ukugxila ukukhanya ngokuqondile “efilimini” ngemuva, okuyi-retina yakho.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Izici zofuzo ezivela kubazali
• Ukwahluka kwesimo se-eye esikhona kusukela ekuzalweni
• I-cornea ebanzi kunokujwayelekile
• Ibhola leso elifushane kunokulinganiselwe
• Izinqubo ezihlobene nobudala ekuqineni kwelensi yeso

Eziningi zezimo zokuqonda okungaphambili zimane nje zibangelwa ukwahluka kwemvelo kokuthi amehlo akho akhule kanjani. Akubangelwa ukufunda ekukhanyeni okubi, ukuhlala eduze kakhulu kwesikrini, noma noma yimiphi imisebenzi oyenzile noma awuyenzanga.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqonda okungaphambili kungase kubangelwe ezinye izimo zamehlo njengenguquko ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela, iziphukuphuku zamehlo, noma izinkinga ezinhlanzi zegazi e-retina. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimo azivamile futhi ngokuvamile zihambisana nezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokuqonda okungaphambili?

Kufanele uhlele ukuhlolwa kwamehlo uma uhlangabezana nokubona okufifiwe okuqhubekayo eduze noma ukuhlupheka kwamehlo okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kungabamba izinguquko zokubona kusenesikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibe nzima.

Cabanga ukubona ochwepheshe wokunakekela amehlo uma uqaphela:

• Ukubona kunzima njalo ukufunda noma ukwenza umsebenzi oseduze
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziqhamuka ngemuva kwemisebenzi yokuqonda
• Ukuhlupheka kwamehlo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuqina amehlo noma ukubamba izinto zokufunda ngesandla
• Ukuncipha kwekhwalithi yokuphila ngenxa yezinkinga zokubona

Kubantwana, qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokugwema imisebenzi yasekhaya, ukubamba izincwadi eduze kakhulu noma kude kakhulu, noma ukukhala ngamehlo akhathele. Abantwana bavame ukungazi ukuthi ukubona kwabo akukuhle, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwabantwana okuvamile kubalulekile.

Uma uhlangabezana nezinqubo eziqhumayo zokubona, ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, noma ubona izibani ezikhazimulayo noma amabala ahlala, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nakuba lokhu kungezona izimpawu ezivamile zokuqonda okungaphambili, kungase kubonise ezinye izimo ezinkulu zamehlo.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuqondeni okungaphambili?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ukuqonda okungaphambili, nakuba abantu abaningi abana lezi zici ezingaholela ekuqondeni okungaphambili abanawo amaphutha okubona. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza uhlale uqaphele izinguquko ezingase zenzeke.

Izici ezingaholela ekuqondeni okungaphambili zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni wokuqonda okungaphambili noma amanye amaphutha okugxila
• Ubudala, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 lapho i-presbyopia ithuthuka
• Izizwe ezithile ezinamanani aphezulu e-hyperopia
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungathinta ukuthuthuka kwamehlo
• Ukuba nezinye izimo zezokwelapha njengesifo sikashukela

Ubudala bubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngisho nabantu abanawo ukubona okuqondile okuvamile bavame ukuthuthukisa i-presbyopia cishe eminyakeni engama-40. Lesi simo senza kube nzima ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze futhi kungenza ukuqonda okungaphambili okukhona kube sobala kakhulu.

Ukuba nezici ezingaholela ekuqondeni okungaphambili akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ukuqonda okungaphambili. Abantu abaningi abanamlando womndeni bagcina ukubona okuhle impilo yabo yonke, ngenkathi abanye abangenazo izici ezingaholela ekuqondeni okungaphambili abangase basadinga ukulungiswa kokubona.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuqonda okungaphambili?

Ukuqonda okungaphambili okungelapheki kungase kube nezinkinga eziningi ezithinta induduzo yakho yansuku zonke nekhwalithi yokuphila. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga kulula ukuzivimbela ngokulungiswa kokubona okuqondile.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlupheka kwamehlo okuqhubekayo nokuqeda amandla ngenxa yomzamo wokugxila njalo
• Izinhlungu zikhanda eziqhamuka, ikakhulukazi ngemuva komsebenzi oseduze
• Ukuncipha kokukhiqiza emsebenzini noma esikoleni
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yokungena ezingozi ngenxa yokubona okuphansi eduze
• Iso elilenga (i-amblyopia) kubantwana uma lingelapheki
• Amehlo aphambene (i-strabismus) ngenxa yokusebenza kakhulu kwemisipha yokugxila

Kubantwana, ukuqonda okungaphambili okungelapheki kungase kube ukukhathazeka ngokukhethekile. Isistimu yabo yokubona esathuthuka ingase ikhethe iso elilodwa phezu kwelinye, okungase kube nezinkinga zokubona ezihlala njalo uma zingalungiswa kusenesikhathi.

Abantu abadala abanawo ukuqonda okungaphambili okungelapheki bavame ukubona ukuncipha kwekhwalithi yokuphila, begwema imisebenzi ababeyijabulela ngaphambili njengokufunda noma ubuciko. Ukuzama njalo ukugxila kungase kube nzima ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

Ukuqonda okungaphambili kunqunywa kanjani?

Ukuqonda okungaphambili kunqunywa kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo ezingabuyisela ukubona okuqondile, okududuzayo. Ukwelashwa okuhle kunqunywa yizinga lokuqonda okungaphambili, indlela yokuphila, nezifiso zomuntu siqu.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Izibuko zamehlo ezina-lenses ezigobile ukuze zisize ukugxila ukukhanya kahle
• I-contact lenses kulabo abathanda ukungagqoki izibuko
• Ukuhlinzwa kokugxila njenge-LASIK ukuze kulungiswe ukubona njalo
• I-Implantable contact lenses ezimweni ezinkulu
• Ukuhlinzwa kokufaka ilensi ezimweni ezithile

Izibuko zamehlo zihlala zivame kakhulu futhi ziphephile kakhulu. Ama-lenses amanje mancane futhi alula kunangaphambili, futhi ungakhetha ezinhlotsheni eziningi zefreyimu ezivumelana nobuhle bakho.

I-contact lenses inikeza inkululeko ezibukweni zamehlo futhi inganikeza insimu ebanzi yokubona okuqondile. Kokubili izindlela zokusebenzisa imihla ngemihla nezikhathi ezikude ziyatholakala, kuye ngempilo yakho yamehlo nezifiso zakho.

Kulabo abafuna isisombululo esiqinile, ukuhlinzwa kokugxila kungase kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. I-LASIK iyalungisa i-cornea yakho usebenzisa i-laser, ivumela ukukhanya ukugxila ngokuqondile e-retina yakho. Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu oyikhandidethi yokwelashwa.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqonda okungaphambili ekhaya?

Nakuba ungelaphi ukuqonda okungaphambili ekhaya, izindlela eziningi zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlupheka kwamehlo futhi zenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula kuze kube yilapho uthola ukulungiswa kokubona okuqondile.

Amathuluzi okulawula ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele lapho ufunda noma wenza umsebenzi oseduze
• Ukuthatha amaphasi ahlala njalo ngesikhathi semisebenzi emininingwane (umthetho we-20-20-20)
• Ukubeka izinto zokufunda kude okuhle
• Ukusebenzisa ama-magnifying glasses ngezincwadi ezincane uma kudingeka
• Ukulungisa ukukhanya kwesikrini sekhompyutha nosayizi wombhalo
• Ukugcina isimo esihle somzimba ukuze kunciphise ubuhlungu bentamo namehlo

Umthetho we-20-20-20 ubaluleke kakhulu: njalo imizuzu engama-20, bheka into ekude ngamamitha ayi-6 ngokungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Lokhu kunikeza imisipha yakho yokugxila ithuba lokuphumula futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukukhathala kwamehlo.

Ukukhanya okuhle kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlupheka. Sebenzisa ukukhanya okukhulu, okulinganayo okungadali ukukhanya okukhulu noma izithunzi ebusweni bakho bomsebenzi. Beka imithombo yokukhanya eceleni kunokuba kube ngemuva noma phambi kwalokho okubukayo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela wamehlo?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yamehlo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuqondile kakhulu nezincomo zokwelapha. Ukuzilungiselela kancane kungenza isivakashi sibe nemiphumela emihle futhi sibe nolwazi.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho:

1. Yenza uhlu lwezimpawu ozihlangabezane nazo nokuthi zenzeka nini
2. Butha ulwazi mayelana nomlando wezempilo yomndeni wakho wamehlo
3. Letha izibuko zakho zamehlo zangoku noma i-prescription ye-contact lens
4. Bala wonke ama-meds nezinye izinto ozithathayo
5. Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha nezindleko
6. Hlela ukuthutha uma amehlo akho azokhanyiswa

Udokotela wakho wamehlo cishe uzosebenzisa ama-eye drops akhanyisayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okungenza ukubona kwakho kube buthakathaka futhi kube nokukhanya okukhulu amahora ambalwa. Ukuba nomuntu okukhipha ekhaya kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu.

Ungagqoki i-contact lenses ku-aphoyintimenti yakho uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma uthola i-prescription entsha. Ukuqondwa kwamehlo akho okuvamile kunikeza ukulinganiswa okuqondile kakhulu ekuqondeni izidingo zakho zokulungiswa kokubona.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule mayelana nokuqonda okungaphambili?

Ukuqonda okungaphambili kuyisimo esivamile futhi esilula sokubona esingafanele silimise imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma ikhwalithi yokuphila. Ngokuxilongwa okuqondile nokulungiswa, ungajabulela ukubona okuqondile, okududuzayo kude.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kuvimbela izinkinga futhi kuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kusiza ukubamba izinguquko ngaphambi kokuba zithinte impilo yakho kakhulu.

Izinketho zokwelapha zamanje ziphumelela kakhulu futhi zilula kunangaphambili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha izibuko, i-contact lenses, noma ukuhlinzwa, unezinketho ezinhle zokuphatha ukuqonda okungaphambili ngempumelelo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqonda okungaphambili

Ingabe ukuqonda okungaphambili kungase kube kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Yebo, ukuqonda okungaphambili kungase kube kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 lapho i-presbyopia ithuthuka. Noma kunjalo, ukuqhubeka kuvame ukuba kancane futhi kulula ukulawula ngezincomo ezintsha. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kusiza ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi kulungise ukwelashwa ngokufanele.

Ingabe ukuqonda okungaphambili kuyofuzo?

Ukuqonda okungaphambili kuvame ukubangelwa imindeni, okubonisa izingxenye eziqine zofuzo. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwane bakho banayo i-hyperopia, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uzoyithuthukisa nawe. Noma kunjalo, ufuzo akuyona yona into kuphela, futhi ukuba nomlando womndeni akusho ukuthi uzoba nokuqonda okungaphambili.

Ingabe abantwana bangakwazi ukukhula beqonda okungaphambili?

Abantwana abaningi bazalwa beqonda okungaphambili okuncane okuthuthuka ngokwemvelo njengoba amehlo abo ekhula futhi athuthuka. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda okungaphambili okukhulu ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezifana ne-lazy eye noma ubunzima bokufunda. Udokotela wamehlo womntanakho angakwazi ukunquma uma ukwelashwa kudingeka.

Ingabe isikhathi esichithwa kwizikrini sibangela ukuqonda okungaphambili?

Isikhathi esichithwa kwizikrini asiyikubangela ukuqonda okungaphambili, kodwa kungase kwenze izimpawu ezikhona zibe sobala futhi zingabi nakho ukududuza. Umsebenzi oseduze isikhathi eside ungase uholele ekuhluphekeni kwamehlo nokuqeda amandla, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele une-hyperopia engalungiswanga. Ukuthatha amaphasi ahlala njalo nokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuqondile kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukududuza.

Kufanele ngihlole amehlo ami kangaki uma nginawo ukuqonda okungaphambili?

Abantu abadala abanawo ukuqonda okungaphambili kufanele bahlale bekhombisa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele unyaka noma emibili, noma njengoba kunconywe ngochwepheshe babo bokukhathalela amehlo. Uma uqoka izibuko noma i-contact lenses, ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-prescription yakho ihlala iqondile futhi impilo yakho yamehlo ihlala ilungile.