Ukuthambalekela Kwe-Febrile Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuthambalekela kwe-febrile yilokhu kuqhaqhazela okuvela uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba lomntwana likhuphuka ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esinezinyembezi. Lokhu kuqhaqhazela kuyajwayelekile futhi kuchaphazela cishe omunye kubantwana abangu-25 phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 no-5 ubudala. Nakuba ukubona umntwana wakho eqhaqhazela kungesaba kakhulu, ukuthambalekela okuningi kwe-febrile akunabi ubungozi futhi akubangeli zinkinga ezihlala njalo.

Ukuthambalekela kwe-febrile yini?

Ukuthambalekela kwe-febrile kwenzeka uma ingqondo yomntwana wakho ihluleka okwesikhashana ngenxa yokunyuka okusheshayo kwelanga lokushisa lomzimba. Cabanga ngakho njengokusika komjikelezo okuphazamiseka uma kunemisebenzi eminingi kakhulu yamandla. Ingqondo eyaqhubeka yabantwana abancane iyazizwa kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kolanga lokushisa, okucacisa ukuthi lezi ziqhaqhazela zivame ukwenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-6.

Lezi ziqhaqhazela ngokuvamile zihlala phakathi kwesibili ezingama-30 kuya kwimizuzu engu-2, yize zingase zibe zide kakhulu lapho ubuka. Umntwana wakho angaqina, aqhube amagama namagxolo, aphendule amehlo, noma aphulukane neqondo lokuphila okwesikhashana. Abantwana abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwemizuzu futhi benze ngokujwayelekile ngemva kwalokho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuthambalekela kwe-febrile?

Izimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngohlobo lokuthambalekela kwe-febrile umntwana wakho akuhlangabezana nakho. Abazali abaningi bachaza ukuzizwa bengenaso usizo futhi besaba lapho bebona lezi zimpawu okokuqala, okuqondakalayo ngokuphelele.

Ukuthambalekela okulula kwe-febrile (uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu) ngokuvamile kubonisa lezi zimpawu:

• Ukuqina komzimba wonke okulandelelwa yizinyathelo zokuqhaqhazela
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo isikhashana semizuzu engu-1-2
• Amehlo aphenduka noma abukeka ngokungazi lutho
• Ukuphazamiseka okufushane noma ukulala ngemva kwalokho
• Akunakho ukubuthakathaka noma izinkinga ezihlala njalo

Ukuthambalekela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-febrile akukuvamile kodwa kukhathazayo kakhulu:

• Ukubamba okuphela isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15
• Okuthinta ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba kuphela
• Okwenzeka ngaphezu kweyodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-24
• Okusebenzisa isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa ukulala okujwayelekile

Ngemva kokubamba noma yikuphi ukubamba okufudumele, ingane yakho ingase ibonakale ikhathele, idida, noma ikhathazekile imizuzu engaba ngu-30. Lokhu kuyinto evamile futhi akusho ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ebuchosheni bayo.

Imiphi imikhakha yokubamba okufudumele?

Odokotela bahlukanisa ukubamba okufudumele ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokwendlela ababonakala ngayo nokuthi bephela isikhathi esingakanani. Ukuqonda le miqondo kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okulindeleke nokuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ukubamba okulula okufudumele kuhlanganisa cishe u-85% wazo zonke izimo. Kubizwa ngokuthi “ukulula” ngoba kulandela iphethini elinganekelwayo futhi kancane kancane kubangela izinkinga. Lokhu kubamba kuthonya umzimba wonke, kuphela ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15, futhi akuphindwe ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24.

Ukubamba okufudumele okuyinkimbinkimbi kuncane kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Kumphela isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, kuthinta ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba kuphela, noma kwenzeka izikhathi eziningi ngosuku olulodwa. Nakuba kusaphephe ngokuvamile, ukubamba okunzima kunenani elikhulu lokubangela izinkinga zokubamba kwesikhathi esizayo.

Yini ebangela ukubamba okufudumele?

Isithintelo esiyinhloko ukunyuka okusheshayo kokushisa komzimba wengane yakho, ngokuvamile lapho ubushushu bukhula ngokushesha kusuka ekujwayelekile kuya ku-101°F (38.3°C) noma ngaphezulu. Akuyona ngempela ukuphakama kobushushu okubalulekile, kodwa ukuthi bukhula ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izifo ezivamile ezingabangela ukubamba okufudumele zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njengokubanda, isifo sikagciwane, noma i-roseola
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe
• Ukutheleleka komphimbo
• Isifo sikagciwane sesisu
• I-Pneumonia
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwamalimi

Ngezinye izikhathi izigqoko zingabangela ubushushu obuholela ekubambeni, ikakhulukazi i-MMR (isifo sikagciwane, isifo sikagciwane, isifo sikagciwane) isiqoko. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe ku-1 ku-3,000 kuya ku-4,000 ezinganeni futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-8-14 ngemva kokugonywa.

Kwezinye izikhathi ezingavamile, ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis kungabangela ukubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo ngokuvamile zihambisana nezimpawu zokuqala ezinjengokukhathazeka kakhulu, ubunzima bomphimbo, noma ukulala okukhulu.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa?

Shaya u-911 ngokushesha uma ingane yakho ihlushwa ukubamba kwayo kokuqala kwezitho, uma kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5, noma uma inenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngisho noma iningi lokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa kungonakalisi, udinga ukuhlolwa yi-medical ukuze kuqale izimbangela ezingathi sína.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma ingane yakho ibonisa lezi zimpawu:

• Ukubamba kwezitho okuphezu kwemizuzu emi-5
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma izindebe eziluhlaza
• Ukulala okukhulu ngemuva kokuba ukubamba kwezitho kuphelile
• Ubunzima bomphimbo noma ukukhathazeka okukhulu
• Ukugabha njalo
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Xhumana nodokotela wezingane wakho phakathi namahora angu-24 nganoma yiluphi ukubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa, ngisho noma ingane yakho ibukeka ilungile ngemuva kwalokho. Bayofuna ukuhlola ingane yakho futhi baqonde ukuthi yini ebangela ukushisa.

Ngokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa kwesikhathi esizayo kubantwana abake baba nakho ngaphambili, ngokuvamile awudingi ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ngaphandle uma ukubamba kwezitho kude kube lude kunokujwayelekile noma ingane yakho ibukeka igulisiwe kunangaphambili.

Ziyini izimbangela zokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa?

Izici eziningi zingenza ingane yakho ibe nethuba elikhulu lokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa. Ukuqonda lezi zici zingozi kungakusiza ukuba ulungele, kodwa khumbula ukuthi abantwana abaningi abanezici zingozi abakaze babe nokubamba kwezitho.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 neminyaka emi-5 (ingozi enkulu yizinyanga eziyi-12-18)
• Umlando womndeni wokubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa kubazali noma abazalwane
• Ukubamba kwezitho ngenxa yokushisa okwakungaphambili
• Ukuya esikoleni sokuqala (ukubekwa engcupheni enkulu yokutheleleka)
• Ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukiseni
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ukuba nomlando wemindeni kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma wena noma umlingani wakho nabe neziboshwa ezinobushushu njengabantwana, ingane yakho inethuba elingaba ngu-25% lokuba nazo futhi. Uma bobabili abazali babe neziboshwa ezinobushushu, ingozi ikhuphuka iye ku-50%.

Abantwana ababa nesiboshwa sabo sokuqala esinobushushu ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eyi-1 noma labo abaneziboshwa ezinobushushu eziyinkimbinkimbi banamathuba amaningi okuba neziboshwa ezengeziwe esikhathini esizayo.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zeziboshwa ezinobushushu?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iziboshwa ezinobushushu azibangeli izinkinga ezihlala njalo noma ukonakala kobuchopho. Abantwana abaningi abaneziboshwa ezinobushushu bakhula ngokuphelele ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwemiphumela ekufundeni kwabo, ukuziphatha kwabo, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwabo.

Nokho, kunezinto ezithile ezingase zikhathaze okumelwe uzazi:

• Ingozi yokulimaza ngesikhathi sesiboshwa ngokuwa noma ngokushaya izinto
• Ukwanda kancane kengozi yokuba ne-epilepsy esikhathini esizayo (cishe i-2-5% ngokumelene ne-1% kubantu abajwayelekile)
• Ukubuyela kweziboshwa ezinobushushu ngezifo ezizayo
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula okwesikhashana noma ukudideka ngemva kweziboshwa eziyinkimbinkimbi
• Ukukhathazeka kwabazali ngezifo ezizayo nobuhlungu

Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-epilepsy iphakeme kancane uma ingane yakho ineziboshwa ezinobushushu eziyinkimbinkimbi, umlando wemindeni we-epilepsy, noma ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukiseni. Ngisho noma kunjalo, iningi labantwana alithuthuki izinkinga eziqhubekayo zeziboshwa.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, iziboshwa ezinobushushu ezihlala isikhathi eside (eziphela ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30) zingase zibangele ushintsho oluthile ebuchophweni, kodwa lokhu akukho njalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela iziboshwa ezinobushushu?

Ngeshwa, awukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele iziboshwa ezinobushushu njengoba zibangelwa ukuphendula kwengane yakho kwesifo. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubushushu futhi wenze ingozi ibephansi.

Uma ingane yakho inobushushu, lezi zindlela zingasiza:

• Nikeza imithi ehlisa ubushushu njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen njengoba kunconywe.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ihlala inamanzi amaningi.
• Yembathe izingubo ezilula.
• Sebenzisa izimbobo ezifudumele noma izimbobo ze-esponji (gwema uqandayo noma utshwala).
• Gcina ukushisa kwegumbi kuhlala kulungile.
• Hlola ubushushu njalo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela ubushushu akuqinisekisi ukuvimbela ukuhlupheka, ngoba ukuhlupheka kuvame ukwenzeka njengoba ubushushu bukhula, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele ukuthi ingane yakho igula.

Abanye odokotela bangase banikeze imithi yokuvikela ukuhlupheka kwabantwana abane-seizures ezinkulu ezivame ukubangelwa ubushushu, kodwa lokhu akudingeki kakhulu futhi kunamahloni alo nokulimala kweside.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-seizures ezibangelwa ubushushu kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokubeka incazelo ecacile yalokho okwenzekile ngesikhathi se-seizure. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi ukuthi ihlale isikhathi esingakanani, ingane yakho ibukeka kanjani, nokuthi yenze njani ngemva kwalokho.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kugxila ekufuneni umthombo wobushushu nokuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka komlomo, noma ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zobushushu kubantwana.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka:

• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola ukutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Izivivinyo zomchamo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract.
• Isithombe se-X-ray sesifuba uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-pneumonia.
• Ukugoqa umgogodla (lumbar puncture) ezimweni ezingavamile uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-meningitis.

Ngokuqondene ne-seizures ezilula ezibangelwa ubushushu kubantwana abadala kuno-18 inyanga, ukuhlolwa okuningi ngokuvamile akudingeki. Ukugxila kukuthi ukwelapha ukutheleleka okubangela ubushushu.

I-EEG (isivivinyo samandla engqondo) kanye ne-brain imaging ngokuvamile azidingeki ngaphandle uma ingane yakho ine-seizures ezinkulu ezibangelwa ubushushu noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Iyini impilo ye-seizures ezibangelwa ubushushu?

Izigqephu eziningi ezibangelwa ukuwa komkhuhlane ziyaphela zodwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa futhi azidingi ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezigqephu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha ukutheleleka okubangelayo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iphephile.

Phakathi nesigqephu, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingane yakho iphephile. Yibuyisele eceleni, susa izinto ezinzima endaweni, futhi ungalokothi ufake lutho emlonyeni wayo. Bala isikhathi sesigqephu uhlale uzolile, ngisho noma kuyesabekayo.

Ngemva kwesigqephu, ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu (acetaminophen noma ibuprofen)
• Ama-antibiotics uma kutholakala ukutheleleka ngamabhaktheriya
• Amanzi amaningi nokuphumula
• Ukubheka eduze izigqephu ezengeziwe
• Ukwelashwa kwesifo esibangela ubushushu

Kubantwana abanezigqephu eziningi ezinkulu ezibangelwa ukuwa komkhuhlane, odokotela bangase bacabange ngemithi yokuvikela, kodwa lesi sinqumo sidinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi.

Imithi yokuphuthumayo efana ne-rectal diazepam ingase ilotshwe kubantwana abanezigqephu ezihlala isikhathi eside, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ungayinakekela kanjani ingane ekhaya ngesikhathi sezibhebhe ezibangelwa ukuwa komkhuhlane?

Ukubona ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani ngesikhathi nangemva kwesigqephu esibangelwa ukuwa komkhuhlane kungakusiza uhlale uzolile futhi ugcine ingane yakho iphephile. Iningi lokunakekela kwakho lizoba ukuphatha ubushushu nokubheka izimpawu zesifo esibangelayo.

Phakathi nesigqephu, khumbula lezi zinyathelo:

• Hlalani niqabule futhi nibale isikhathi sesigqephu
• Buyisela ingane yakho eceleni ukuvimbela ukuminza
• Susa izinto ezinzima endaweni
• Ungalokothi ufake lutho emlonyeni wayo
• Ungazami ukuyibamba phansi noma uyiyeke imizamo
• Shaya u-911 uma kuyisigqephu sokuqala noma sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5

Ngemva kokuphela kwesigqephu, gxila ekududuzeni nasekuphatheni ubushushu. Nikeza imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu njengoba kuqondiswe, unikeze amanzi amancane, futhi uvumele ingane yakho iphumule. Gcina igumbi lipholile futhi liduduzayo.

Qaphela izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, njengokuphefumula okunzima, ukulala okukhulu, noma ukugabha okuphindaphindayo. Abantwana abaningi bayobuyela ekuphileni kwabo okujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwehora elilodwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Ukuba ulungile ngokuya kubona udokotela wakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi nokukhathalelwa okudingekayo ngengane yakho. Bhala iziphawu zakho ngesikhathi zisafresh kwikhanda lakho.

Ngaphambi kokubona udokotela, buza le mininingwane:

• Isikhathi esiqondile nesikhathi sokuhlala kwesigameko
• Inkulumo yalokho okwakubonakala sengathi yisigameko
• Ukushisa kwengane yakho ngaphambi, phakathi, nangemva kwesigameko
• Indlela ingane yakho eyenza ngayo ngaphambi nangamva kwesigameko
• Imithi enikezwe nokuthi nini
• Umbukiso womndeni wezigameko ezishisayo noma isifo se-epilepsy

Letha uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi yini okulindelekile uma kwenzeka esinye isigameko, nini kufanele ubizwe udokotela, noma indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha ama-fevers esikhathi esizayo.

Uma kungenzeka, letha noma iyiphi imithi ingane yakho eyiphuzayo kanye nerecordi yayo yokugonywa. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu zokwelashwa.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nezigameko ezishisayo?

Izigameko ezishisayo ziyesabekayo ukubona, kodwa azilimazi impilo yengane yakho yesikhathi eside nokuthuthuka. Luhlanga oluvamile lwabantwana abaningi abalikhuphuka ngokuphelele ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izingameko ezishisayo, ukuphatha umkhuhlane ngokushesha nokwazi ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani ngesikhathi sesigameko kungasiza ekuvikeleni ingane yakho. Abantwana abaningi abanezigameko ezishisayo bakhula bengenasiphetho esibi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezigameko ezishisayo akusho ukuthi ingane yakho ine-epilepsy noma izoba nezingqinamba zokufunda. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokusekela kwakho okuthandekayo, ingane yakho ingaqhubeka iphumelele futhi ithuthuke ngokujwayelekile.

Tshemba izimpendulo zakho njengomzali. Uma kukhona okubonakala kuhlukile noma okukhathazayo ngokuhlupheka kwengane yakho noma ukuphulukana, ungangabazi ukuthintana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqondiso nokuqinisekiswa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngokuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu

Q1: Ingane yami iyoba ne-brain damage ngenxa yokuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu?

Ukuhlupheka okulula okubangelwa ubushushu akubangeli i-brain damage noma kuchaphazele ukuqonda kwengane yakho, ikhono lokufunda, noma ukuthuthuka. Ngisho nokuhlupheka okunzima okubangelwa ubushushu kuncane kakhulu okubangela izinkinga ezihlala njalo. Ubuchopho bengane yakho buqanjwe ukusingatha lezi zikhathi ezifushane ngaphandle kokulimaza okungapheli.

Q2: Uma ingane yami inokuhlupheka okukodwa okubangelwa ubushushu, ingaba iyoba nezinye?

Cishe amaphesenti angu-30-40 ezingane ezinokuhlupheka okukodwa okubangelwa ubushushu ziyoba nelinye ngokushisa kwesikhathi esizayo. Noma kunjalo, izinye izingane ziyeka ukuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6 njengoba ama-brains azo eba matshe. Ukuba nokuhlupheka okuningi okubangelwa ubushushu akwandisi ingozi ye-brain damage.

Q3: Kufanele nginike ingane yami imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu ukuvimbela ukuhlupheka?

Nakuba imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu ingenza ingane yakho izizwe ikhululekile, ayivimbeli ngokuqinisekile ukuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu. Ukuhlupheka kuvame ukwenzeka njengoba ubushushu bukhula, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuthi ingane yakho igula. Gxila ekwelapheni ubushushu ukuze ududuze kunokuvimbela ukuhlupheka.

Q4: Ingabe ukuba nokuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu kusho ukuthi ingane yami izophuka isifo se-epilepsy?

Iningi lezingane ezinokuhlupheka okubangelwa ubushushu aliphuki isifo se-epilepsy. Ingozi iphakeme kancane kunokulinganiselwe (cishe amaphesenti angu-2-5 vs 1% kubantu abavamile), kodwa isancane kakhulu. Ukuhlupheka okulula okubangelwa ubushushu akunandaba ngokwanda kwengozi yesifo se-epilepsy esikhathini esizayo.

Q5: Ngingayithumela yini ingane yami esikoleni noma e-daycare ngemuva kokuba ihlupheke ngenxa yobushushu?

Ingane yakho ingabuyela emisebenzini evamile, kufaka phakathi isikole noma i-daycare, uma ingenaso ubushushu isikhathi esingamahora angu-24 futhi izizwa iphilile. Qiniseka ukuthi uqaphele ababambiqhaza nabafundisi ngokuhlupheka ukuze bazi umlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho futhi bakwazi ukuphendula ngokufanele uma kudingeka.