Ukuthi yini i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) iyimo elikhula lapho ingane ivezwe e-alcolini esizalweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lolu vukakwazi lungathinta indlela ubuchopho bomntwana nomzimba wakhe oqalayo ukuthuthuka, okuholela ezingxakeni ezingapheli emzimbeni, ekuziphatheni, nasekufundeni.

I-FAS iyingxenye yezinye izimo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Nakuba lokhu kuhlinzwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu emindenini, ukuqonda leli dimo kusiza ukuba uqhubeke phambili ngesihawu nesistimu efanele yokusekela.

Kuyini i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome ivela lapho i-alcol ihamba egazini lomuntu okhulelwe ngokusebenzisa i-placenta kuze kube yingane eqalayo ukuthuthuka. Isibindi sengane asiqalile ukukhula ngokwanele ukucubungula i-alcol ngendlela isibindi somuntu omdala esikwenza ngayo, ngakho-ke i-alcol ihlala esistimwini sengane isikhathi eside.

Lolu vukakwazi olude luqeda ukuthuthuka okuvamile, ikakhulukazi luthinta ubuchopho nesistimu yezinzwa eziyinhloko. Isikhathi, inani, kanye nokuvamile kokubekwa e-alcolini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa konke kuchaphazela ukuthi leli dimo liyichaphazela kangakanani ingane.

I-FAS imelela uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Abantwana abane-FAS ngokuvamile babonisa ukuxubana kwezici zobuso ezihlukile, izinkinga zokukhula, nobunzima obuhlobene nobuchopho obuqhubeka impilo yabo yonke.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Izimpawu ze-FAS ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisebenza ndawonye ukudala umbono ophelele waleli dimo. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala ukubonakala ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni obuqalayo, nakuba ezinye zingase zingabonakali kuze kube yilapho ingane isesikoleni.

Ake sihambe ngalezi zimpawu ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke nokuthi zingase zichaphazele kanjani impilo yansuku zonke:

Izici Zomzimba Nobuso

• Ubukhulu obukhulu bekhanda (microcephaly) obukhombisa ukukhula okuhamba kancane kobuchopho
• Izici zobuso ezihlukile kufaka phakathi indawo ebushelelezi phakathi kwempumulo nelip eliphezulu, ilip eliphezulu elibukhulu, kanye nezinduna ezincane
• Isisindo esincane sokuzalwa nokukhula okuhamba kancane ebuntwaneni
• Izinkinga zamajozi namagxathu angase athinte ukunyakaza nokuxhumanisa
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zezitho ezingase zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha

Imiphumela Yobuchopho Nesistemu Yezinzwa

• Ukuhluleka kobuchopho okungase kube ukusuka kokulinganiselwe kuya kokukhulu
• Ubunzima ekufundeni, ikakhulukazi nge-math, ukuqonda ukufunda, nokucinga okungokoqobo
• Ukukhumbula okubi nobunzima bokuqaphela isikhathi eside
• Ukukhula okwephuzile kokukhuluma nolimi
• Izinkinga zokuxhumanisa nobunzima ngamakhono amancane okuhambisa njengokubhala noma ukubopha izinkinobho

Izinselele Zokuziphatha Nomphakathi

• Ukuhamba okukhulu nokungacabangi okungase kuphazamise isikole nobuhlobo
• Ubunzima bokuqonda izinkomba zomphakathi nokugcina ubungane
• Isigwebo esibi nobunzima bokuqonda imiphumela yezenzo
• Ukushintshashintsha kwesimo nobunzima bokulawula imizwelo
• Izinkinga zokulala ezingase zichaphazele ukuziphatha nokufunda emini

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zihlangana futhi zichaphazelana. Isibonelo, izinkinga zokuqaphela zingenza ukufunda kube nzima, okungase kuholele ezinseleleni zokuziphatha ezindaweni zesikole.

Yini Ebangela i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome ibangelwa ngokuphelele ukudalulwa kwe-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma uphuza i-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, iyawela i-placenta futhi ifinyelela ingane yakho eqalayo ukuthuthuka ngemizuzu embalwa.

Ubuchopho bomntwana wakho obuqalayo ukuthuthuka nezitho zibaluleke kakhulu emiphumeleni ye-alcol. Ngokungafani nesibindi sakho esiqedile, esingaphula i-alcol ngokushesha, isibindi sengane yakho sisalukhula futhi sicubungula i-alcol kancane kakhulu.

Ubukhulu be-FAS kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Inani le-alcol eliphuzwayo, ukuthi uphuza kangakanani, nokuthi ukudalulwa kwenzeka nini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa konke kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuphaphama kokuphaphama kungase kube yingozi kakhulu ngoba kudala ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-alcol egazini lengane.

Kunezinkathi ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho ukudalulwa kwe-alcol kungabangela khona ukulimala okukhulu. I-trimester yokuqala ibalulekile kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezici zobuso, kuyilapho ukukhula kobuchopho kuqhubeka phakathi kokukhulelwa konke.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela uma ubona izimpawu zokwephuzela ekukhuleni noma izici ezibonakalayo ezihlobene ne-FAS engwaneni yakho. Ukubona ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekutholeni ukwesekwa okufanele nokungenelela.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu eziningi njengokukhuluma okwephuzile, ubunzima ekufundeni, izinkinga zokuqaphela, noma izici zobuso ezihlukile. Abazali abaningi baqala ukubona ukukhathazeka lapho ingane yabo iqala isikole futhi ihluleka emisebenzini ebonakala ilula kwabanye abantwana.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi ubuphuze i-alcol, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu ngokwethembeka nodokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso nokusekela ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthuthuka kwengane yakho kuqhubeke, ngaphandle kokwahlulela.

Ungalindi uma ukhathazekile ngokuthuthuka kwengane yakho. Odokotela bezingane bangahlola izimpawu, banikeze izinkomba kubachwepheshe, futhi basize ekuhleleni ukunakekelwa okudingeka ingane yakho ukuze ifinyelele ikhono layo eliphelele.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Ukuqonda izici zengozi kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani abanye abantwana bathuthukisa i-FAS kanti abanye abangase bangabi nayo, ngisho noma bekhona ukudalulwa kwe-alcol okufanayo. Lezi zici zisebenza ndawonye ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi abacwaningi abazifunda.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zengozi zifaka phakathi:

• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu noma okuvamile kwe-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ukuphaphama kokuphaphama
• Ukuphuza ngesikhathi kwe-trimester yokuqala lapho ukuthuthuka kwezitho ezibalulekile kwenzeka khona
• Ubudala obukhulu bomama, obunokuthinta indlela umzimba ocubungula ngayo i-alcol
• Ukondleka okubi komama, okungenza imiphumela ye-alcol ibe mibi ekukhuleni kwengane
• Ukukhulelwa okudlule okuthintekile yi-alcol, okubonisa izici zezofu noma izindlela zokuphila
• Ezinye izinguquko ze-genetic eziqeda ukusebenza kwe-alcol kokubili kunina nengane
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungase kuhlanganise imiphumela eyonakalisayo ye-alcol

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ayikho inani le-alcol eliphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngisho namanani amancane angase abangele izinkinga, nakuba ingozi ngokuvamile ikhula ngenani nokuvamile kokuphaphama.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele ze-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

I-FAS ingase iholele ezinseleleni ezingapheli ezithinta izici eziningi zokuphila komuntu. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kusiza imindeni ukuba ilungiselele futhi ifune izinsizakalo zokusekela ngokushesha.

Nazi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho izinkinga ngokuvamile zithuthukela khona:

Izingozi Zokufunda Nokufunda

• Ubunzima ngezinto ezingokoqobo njenge-math nokuqonda ukufunda
• Izinkinga ngokusebenza okuphezulu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlela nokubamba
• Isidingo sezinsizakalo zokufundisa ezikhethekile nezinqubo zokufunda ezihlukile
• Izinselele zokudlulela emazingeni ahlukene ezifundo

Izingozi Zokuziphatha Nomphakathi

• Ubunzima bokuhlala ubungane nokuqonda imingcele yomphakathi
• Ukungena okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Izinkinga ngokuqondisa okuphuthumayo okungase kuholele ekuziphatheni okungozi
• Ukuqina kokusetshenziswa kabi ngenxa yesigwebo esibi

Izinselele Zokuphila Okukhulu

• Ubunzima bokulawula imali nokwenza izinqumo zezezimali
• Izinkinga ngomsebenzi ngenxa yokuqaphela nobunzima bomphakathi
• Izinselele ngamakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke njengokupheka, ukuhlanza, nokunakekela
• Ukungena okukhulu ezingxeni zomthetho ngenxa yokwenza izinqumo ezimbi

Izingozi Ezingevame Kakhulu Kodwa Ezinzima

• Ukuhluleka okukhulu kobuchopho okudinga ukunakekelwa nokubhekwa impilo yonke
• Izinkinga ezinzima zenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zezitho ezidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo
• Izifo zokubamba okungase zithuthuke ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni
• Izinkinga zobuso noma ukuzwa ezihlanganisa ubunzima ekufundeni

Nakuba lezi zingozi zingase zibonakale zikhulu, abantu abaningi abane-FAS baphila impilo ezele ngokusekelwa okufanele, ukungenelela okusheshayo, nemiphakathi eqonda ebakhohliwe.

I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome ingavikeleka ngokuphelele ngokugwema i-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho iwayini ngesidlo sakusihlwa, ayikho i-beer emicimbini yomphakathi, kanye ne-cocktails emicimbini ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.

Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, kungcono ukuyeka ukuphuza ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuzama ukuthola ingane. Ukukhulelwa okuningi akuhlelwe, futhi ungase ungazi ukuthi ukhulelwe amasonto ambalwa, lapho ukuthuthuka okubalulekile sekwenzeka khona.

Ukuvimbela futhi kuhilela ukuthola ukusekela uma uhlupheka ngokusebenzisa i-alcol. Odokotela bangakuxhumanisa nezinsizakalo zokweluleka, amaqembu okusekela, nezinqubo zokwelapha eziphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Umndeni nabangane badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni futhi. Ukudala izindawo ezisekelayo lapho abantu abakhulelwe bezwa bekhululekile ukugwema i-alcol kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ingozi ye-FAS emphakathini.

I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Ihlonzwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-FAS kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe bezempilo abakhethekile ezinseleleni zokuthuthuka. Ayikho i-blood test noma i-scan eyodwa engase ihlanze leli dimo.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihilela izinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando ophelele, kufaka phakathi imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Bazokwenza futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele bebheka izici zobuso ezibonakalayo nezindlela zokukhula.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka nokwenhliziyo kusiza ekuhlolweni kwamandla okuqonda, amakhono okufunda, nezindlela zokuziphatha. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ, ukuhlolwa kwezemfundo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokunaka nokukhumbula.

Ngezinye izikhathi ochwepheshe abengeziwe bahileleka, njengabachwepheshe be-genetic, odokotela bezinso, noma odokotela bezingane abathuthukayo. Bangasiza ekuqedeni ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo futhi baqinisekise ukuhlinzwa kwe-FAS.

Inqubo yokuhlola ingathatha ama-aphoyintimenti amaningi futhi ingase izwakale isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuthola ukuhlinzwa okuchane kakhulu kubalulekile ekuthola izinsizakalo nokusekela okufanele.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Kuyini?

Nakuba ayikho imithi ye-FAS, izindlela zokwelapha nezinqubo eziningi zingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi zisize abantu bafinyelele ikhono labo. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekukhuleni kwamandla akhona.

Izinsizakalo zokungenelela okusheshayo ngokuvamile yindlela enenzuzo kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza nabantwana kusukela ebuntwaneni kuze kube yilapho besesikoleni ukuze baqonde ukwephuzela ekukhuleni futhi bakhe amakhono abalulekile.

Ukusekelwa Kwezemfundo

• Izinhlelo Zokufundisa Ezihlukile (IEPs) eziqonda izidingo zokufunda ezikhethekile
• Izinsizakalo zokufundisa ezikhethekile ezigxile ezindaweni ezinzima
• Ukuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa kwezemfundo ezifundweni ezinzima
• I-Occupational therapy ukuthuthukisa amakhono amancane okuhambisa namakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke

Ukuphathwa Kwezokuziphatha Nemithi Yengqondo

• I-Behavioral therapy ukuthuthukisa amasu okuqondisa namakhono omphakathi
• Ukwelulekwa kokulawula imizwelo nokusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo
• Imithi yezinkinga zokuqaphela noma izifo zemoto lapho kufanele khona
• Ukwelulekwa komndeni ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka

Ukuphathwa Kwezokwelapha

• Ukuqapha njalo kokukhula nokukhula
• Ukuphathwa kwezimo zezokwelapha ezihlobene njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kobuso nokuzwa nezinyathelo zokulungisa uma kudingeka
• Ukuhlelwa kokunakekelwa phakathi kwabachwepheshe abahlukene

Izinhlelo zokwelapha kufanele zihluke ngoba i-FAS ichaphazela umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile. Lokho okusebenza kahle kwingane enye kungase kudingeke kulungiswe kwenye, ngisho nasemnini ofanayo.

Indlela Yokunikeza Ukusekela Ekhaya Ngesikhathi se-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Ukudala indawo yasekhaya esekelayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusizeni umuntu onale FAS ukuze aphumelele. Ukwakha, isineke, nokuqonda kuyisisekelo sokukhathalela ekhaya okuphumelelayo.

Ukwakha amasiko ahlala njalo kusiza ekulawuleni izinselele zokuqaphela nokukhumbula ezivame ukufika ne-FAS. Lokhu kusho izikhathi zokudla, izikhathi zokulala, namasiko ansuku zonke angashintshi njalo.

Amasu Okuphila Kwansuku Zonke

• Hlukanisa imisebenzi ezinzwaneni ezincane, ezilawulekayo ngemiyalo ecacile
• Sebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo njengezithombe nezithombe ukuqinisa ukufunda
• Nikeza ukukhuthazwa okuningi okuhle ngezinqumo ezinhle nomzamo
• Dala izindawo ezithulile, ezihlelekile ezinciphisa ukuhlakaza
• Zama amakhono abalulekile njalo ezimweni ezihlukene

Ukuxhumana Nokusekela Ukuziphatha

• Khuluma ngokucacile futhi unikeze umyalo owodwa ngesikhathi
• Vumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqonda nokuphendula imibuzo
• Hlalani niqine ngesikhathi sokuziphatha okuyinselele futhi nigweme ukulwa kwamandla
• Basize baqonde imiphumela ngokuxhumanisa izenzo nemiphumela
• Gubha impumelelo encane futhi uqaphele ukuthuthuka

Khumbula ukuthi ukuthuthuka kungase kube kancane kunabanye abantwana, futhi kulungile. Gxila ekwakheni kwamandla kunokugxila ezinseleleni, futhi ungangabazi ukucela usizo uma ulikhona.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ama-aphoyintimenti kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nabachwepheshe bezempilo. Ukuletha ulwazi oluhlelekile kwenza inqubo yokuhlola ibe yiphumelelayo futhi iphelele.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, butha amarekhodi onayo mayelana nokukhulelwa, kufaka phakathi ama-prenatal care notes uma kungenzeka. Bhala phansi ukukhathazeka okuqondile okukubonile mayelana nokukhula, ukuziphatha, noma ukufunda.

Ulwazi Oludingayo Ukuletha

• Umlando ophelele womndeni nowezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Uhlu lwezimpawu zamanje ngezibonelo ezithile nangesikhathi ezivela ngaso
• Imibiko yesikole noma ukuqaphela othisha mayelana nokufunda nokuziphatha
• Ukuhlolwa okudlule noma imiphumela yokuhlola evela kwabanye abachwepheshe bezempilo
• Imithi yamanje nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okuye kwazama

Imibuzo Okufanele Uyibuze

• Yiziphi izivivinyo noma ukuhlolwa okuqondile okuzodingeka ukuze kuhlonzwe?
• Singayithola kanjani ukungenelela okusheshayo noma izinsizakalo zokufundisa ezikhethekile?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha noma i-therapies ezizoba nenzuzo kakhulu?
• Singayisekela kangcono kanjani ukuthuthuka nokufunda ekhaya?
• Kufanele silindele ini njengoba ingane yethu ikhula futhi ithuthuka?

Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nezimpendulo eziphelele kwimibuzo yonke. Abachwepheshe bezempilo baqonda ukuthi le nqubo ingase ibe yiyona ebuhlungu futhi ephazamisayo, futhi balapho ukuze bakuhole ngayo.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana ne-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

I-Fetal alcohol syndrome iyimo elibi kodwa elingavikeleka ngokuphelele elivela ekudalulweni kwe-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi i-FAS ingxenye yesigaba kusiza imindeni ukuba igxile ekutholeni ukusekelwa okufanele kunokuzizwa ize.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukungenelela okusheshayo nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu kwimiphumela. Abantu abaningi abane-FAS baphila impilo ezele uma benemindeni eqonda, ukusekelwa kwezemfundo okufanele, nokufinyelela izinsizakalo ezidingekayo.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ukukhetha okuphephile kakhulu ukugwema i-alcol ngokuphelele. Uma usebenza kakade ne-FAS emndenini wakho, gxila ekwakheni kwamandla, ekuthola izinsizakalo zokusekela, nasekwakheni indawo yothando, ehlelekile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-FAS akuchazi ukubaluleka komuntu noma ikhono. Ngokuzeka, ukuqonda, nezinhlelo zokusekela ezifanele, abantu abane-FAS bangathuthukisa amakhono abo futhi banikele ngokubalulekile emiphakathini yabo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Q1: Ingabe ukuphuza inani elincane le-alcol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela i-FAS?

Ayikho inani le-alcol eliphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nakuba ukuphuza okukhulu kukhuphula ingozi, ngisho namanani amancane angase achaphazele ukuthuthuka kwengane. Indlela ephephile kakhulu ukugwema i-alcol ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba ukukhulelwa konke nengane ngayinye iphendula ngokuhlukile ekudalulweni kwe-alcol.

Q2: Ingane yami enale FAS izokwazi yini ukuphila ngokuzimela njengomuntu omdala?

Abantu abadala abaningi abane-FAS bangaphila ngokuzimela noma ngokusekelwa okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngokungenelela okusheshayo nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Izinga lokuzimela kuncike ebukhulu bezimpawu nasekusekelweni okutholwe ebuntwaneni. Abanye bangadinga usizo oluningi ngokwenza izinqumo, imali, noma amakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke, kuyilapho abanye bengase basebenze ngokuzimela.

Q3: Ingabe i-FAS ingatholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nge-ultrasounds noma i-blood tests?

Okwamanje, ayikho izivivinyo zokukhulelwa ezingase zihlanze i-FAS ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ezinye izinkinga zokukhula noma izinkinga zezitho zingase zibonakale kwi-ultrasounds, kodwa lezi zimpawu azitholiwe yi-FAS futhi zingaba nezinye izimbangela. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzalwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zobuso, izindlela zokuthuthuka, nomlando wokudalulwa kwe-alcol.

Q4: Ingabe wonke umntwana ozalelwe omama abaphuzile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uthuthukisa i-FAS?

Akuwona wonke umntwana odalulwe e-alcol esizalweni uthuthukisa i-FAS, kodwa noma yikuphi ukudalulwa kwe-alcol kuholela engozini. Abanye abantwana bangaba nezimo ezilula ze-fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, kuyilapho abanye bangase bangabonisi izimpawu ezicacile kodwa basaphila imiphumela ethile. Isikhathi, inani, nokuvamile kokudalulwa kwe-alcol, kanye nezinye izici, kuchaphazela ukuthi ingane ithinteka kanjani.

Q5: Ingabe izimpawu ze-FAS zingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwelashwa?

Nakuba i-FAS iyimo eliphila impilo yonke, izimpawu zingathuthuka kakhulu ngokungenelela okufanele nokusekelwa. I-therapy yokuqala, izinsizakalo zokufundisa ezikhethekile, kanye nezinqubo zokuziphatha zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuqondisa nokukha amakhono abalulekile. Ukulimala kobuchopho okuvela ku-FAS kuhlala njalo, kodwa abantu bangafunda ukusebenza ngezinselele zabo futhi bathuthukise amandla abo phakathi nokuphila kwabo.