Ukuqina Kwezingane Ezingakhulu: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwezingane ezingakhulu kusho ukuthi ingane yakho iyasindayo kunokulindelekile ngokweminyaka yayo yokukhulela, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-4 (amagremu angu-4,000) lapho izalwa. Lokhu kuchaphazela cishe i-8-10% yokukhulelwa, futhi nakuba kuzwakala kukhathaza, izingane eziningi eziqina zizalwa zinolimi ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Cabanga ngakho njengengane yakho ekhula ngaphezu komlinganiso wesilinganiso sezingane ezizalwa esigabeni esifanayo sokubeletha. Isisindo esengeziwe ngezinye izikhathi singenza ukulethwa kube nzima, kodwa iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo linendlela eziningi zokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nengane yakho nihlala niphephile kulo lonke leli qophelo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Awungase ungaphawuli izimpawu ezicacile phakathi kokukhulelwa njengoba ukuqina kwengane kuvame ukubonwa ngokulinganisa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angaphawula isisu sakho silimaza kakhulu kunokulindelekile ngesigaba sakho sokubeletha.

Phakathi nokuvakasha okuvamile kokukhulelwa, lezi zimpawu zingase ziphakamise ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula ngaphezu komlinganiso:

• Ukuphakama kwakho kwe-fundal (ukulinganisa kwesisu) kukhulu kakhulu kunokuvamile ngeminyaka yakho yokukhulelwa
• Ukulinganisa kwe-ultrasound kubonisa ukuthi isisindo esilinganiselwe sengane yakho siphezulu kunesi-90th percentile
• Une-amniotic fluid eningi (polyhydramnios), engase ienze isisu sakho sizizwe silimaza kakhulu
• Uhlangabezana nokunyakaza okukhulu kwengane ngenxa yosayizi wengane yakho
• Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile emathangeni akho noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya njengoba ingane yakho ithola indawo enkulu

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zimpawu azisho njalo ukuqina, futhi ezinye omama abaphethe izingane ezinkulu abazizwa umehluko oqondile. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa ukulinganisa okuqondile nokulinganisa kwezokwelapha ukwenza le nqumo.

Yini ebangela ukuqina kwengane?

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni kwengane yakho ngaphezu kwalokho okulindelekile, ukugula kweswekile kwabamama kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu. Uma amazinga eswekile egazi aphezulu kunokujwayelekile, ingane yakho ithola i-glucose eyengeziwe, ehlanganiswa njengamanoni futhi iholele ekukhuleni okukhulu.

Nawa amazwi aphambili okuqina kwengane angakhula:

• Ukugula kweswekile kokukhulelwa noma ukugula kweswekile okungaphambili okuchaphazela indlela umzimba wakho uqeda ngayo ushukela
• Umbhalo wangaphambili wokuletha ingane enkulu, okwandisa amathuba ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo
• Ukukhulu kwabamama, njengoba isisindo esengeziwe singase sichaphazele izindlela zokukhula kwengane yakho
• Ukukhulelwa okude okuphezu kwamasonto angu-42, ukunika ingane yakho isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthuthuka
• Iminyaka yabamama engaphezu kwengu-35, engase ichaphazele ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kokukhulelwa
• Umbhalo womndeni wokugula kweswekile noma ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu ngaphambili

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa izimo ezithile ze-genetic kanye nokungalingani kwamahomoni okuchaphazela ukukhula kwengane. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzohlola umlando wakho wezokwelapha nezici eziyingozi ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase ibe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwengane yakho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uqaphela ukuthi isisu sakho silimaza kakhulu kunokulindelekile ngesigaba sakho sokubeletha noma uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Imihlangano yokuqapha ukukhulelwa iyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu njengoba ukuqina kwengane kuvame ukubonwa ngokulinganisa okuvamile nokugadwa.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukucindezeleka okukhulu emathangeni, noma izimpawu zokuzala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Udokotela wakho angenza i-ultrasounds kanye nokulinganisa okunye ukuqapha ukukhula kwengane yakho futhi ahlele ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Uma unezici eziyingozi njengokugula kweswekile noma umlando womndeni wezingane ezinkulu, xoxa nalokhu neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Bangase banikeze ukuqapha okuqinile namasu okuvimbela ukuze basize ukuphatha ukukhula kwengane yakho.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Ukuqonda izici zakho eziyingozi kukusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukulungiselela umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Ezinye izici ungazichaphazela ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila, kanti ezinye zihlangene nomlando wakho wezokwelapha noma i-genetics.

Nawa amazwi aphambili ezingozi ezikhuthaza amathuba okukhula kakhulu kwengane:

• Ukugula kweswekile (kokukhulelwa noma okungaphambili) okuchaphazela ukulawulwa kweswekile egazini lakho
• Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili nengane enkulu, njengoba leli phethini ivame ukuphindaphinda
• Ukuba ngumkhulu noma ukukhulu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Iminyaka yabamama engaphezu kwengu-35
• Umbhalo womndeni wokugula kweswekile noma izingane ezinkulu
• Ukukhulelwa okude okudlula usuku lwakho lokulethwa
• Izizwe ezithile, kuhlanganise i-Hispanic, i-Native American, noma i-African American heritage

Ukuba nenye noma ngaphezulu kwezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba nokuqina. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzohlola isimo sakho ngokuqondile futhi anikeze izeluleko zokunakekelwa nokuqapha okuqondene nezimo zakho ezithile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Nakuba izingane eziningi eziqina zizalwa zinolimi, kunezinhlelo ezithile ezingase zibe khona ozona neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele liziqaphele ngesikhathi sokulethwa nangemva kwalokho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza wonke umuntu ukulungiselela isipiliyoni sokulethwa esiphephile kakhulu.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulethwa zihlanganisa:

• I-Shoulder dystocia, lapho amahlombe engane yakho ehlala khona ngesikhathi sokulethwa
• Ukulimala kokuzalwa njengokuqhekeka kwamathambo ezinqindi noma engalo, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukululama kahle
• Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ngenxa yosayizi wengane yakho okwenza ukudlula endleleni yokuzala kube nzima
• Amathuba andisiwe okulethwa kwe-cesarean ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu ngemva kokulethwa ngenxa yezinhlanganisela zesisu

Ngengane yakho, izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zingase zihlanganise ubunzima bokuqeda umoya ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kanye namazinga eswekile egazi aphansi adinga ukuqapha. Kwezinye izikhathi ezingavamile, kungase kube khona ukulimala kwama-nerve ngesikhathi sokulethwa, nakuba okuningi kwalokhu kuqeda ngokuphelele ngesikhathi nesinakekelo esifanele.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lilungile ekuqondeni lezi zimo futhi lizothatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi kulo lonke isipiliyoni sakho sokulethwa.

Ukuqina kwengane kunokuxilongwa kanjani?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uqopha ukuqina kwengane ngokuyinhloko ngokulinganisa kwe-ultrasound okuqikelela isisindo sengane yakho ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuqikelela kusiza ukuqikelela ukuthi ingane yakho isindayo kunokulindelekile ngeminyaka yayo yokukhulelwa.

Phakathi nokuvakasha kwakho kokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzolinganisa ukuphakama kwakho kwe-fundal, okuyibude kusuka emathangeni akho kuya phezulu kwesisu sakho. Uma lokhu kuqikelela kukhulu kakhulu kunokulindelekile ngesigaba sakho sokubeletha, bangase bayalele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kunikeza ulwazi oluqondile ngosayizi wengane yakho. I-technician iyalinganisa ikhanda lengane yakho, isisu, kanye nomlenze ukuze iqikelele isisindo sengane. Nakuba lezi ziqikelelo zingase zibe ngaphandle kwama-10-15%, zinikeza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ulwazi oluwusizo lokulungiselela ukulethwa kwakho.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose futhi aqaphe izimpawu zokugula kweswekile, njengoba ushukela egazini olungalawulwa kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhula okukhulu kwengane.

Yini ukwelashwa kokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Ukwelashwa kugxile ekuqondeni izimbangela eziyinhloko nokulungiselela ukulethwa okuphephile kakhulu kokubili wena nengane yakho. Uma ukugula kweswekile kuchaphazela usayizi omkhulu wengane yakho, ukulawula amazinga eswekile egazini lakho kuyaqala.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlangana nawe ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula oluzohlanganisa:

• Ukuqapha nokulawula kweswekile egazini uma une-gestational noma ukugula kweswekile okungaphambili
• Ukuguqulwa kokudla ukuze kusize ukulawula amazinga e-glucose nokulawula ukukhulu kwesisindo
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile njengoba kuvunyelwe umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo
• Imihlangano yokuqapha ukukhulelwa evamile ukuqapha ukukhula kwengane yakho
• I-ultrasounds eyengeziwe ukuze uqaphe intuthuko yengane
• Ukulungiselela ukulethwa, okungase kuhlanganise ukuxoxa nge-cesarean section uma ukulethwa kwe-vaginal kuveza ubungozi

Udokotela wakho uzokulungiselela izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokulethwa ngokuba neqembu lezokwelapha elifanele nezinsiza ezilungile. Le ndlela yokulungiselela kusengaphambili ikusiza ukuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu kokubili wena nengane yakho.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqina kwengane ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuqina kwengane ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukulandela isiqondiso somhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo sokulawula iswekile egazini kanye nemikhuba yempilo yokukhulelwa. Uma une-diabetes, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokuhambisana nemithi kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhula kwengane yakho.

Gxilisa ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo ngezigaba ezilawulwayo, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa ama-carbohydrate alula angase akhulise iswekile egazini lakho. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingase likubhekisele kunomahlukanisi wokudla ongasiza ekwakheni uhlelo lokudla olusekela impilo yakho kokubili nokukhula kwengane okufanele.

Hlala usebenzile nge-exercises ezivunyelwe udokotela njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda, okungasiza ekulawuleni iswekile egazini nakwempilo yokukhulelwa ngokujwayelekile. Gcina ulandelela ukunyakaza kwengane yakho futhi ubhale noma yikuphi ukuguquka okukukhathazayo kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Thatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngqo njengoba iyalwe futhi ube khona kuyo yonke i-aphoyintimenti yokuqapha ukukhulelwa ehlelwe. Le mihlangano ibalulekile ekuqapheni ukukhula kwengane yakho nokulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kukusiza ukwenza okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho ziqondwa. Bhala phansi noma yimiphi imibuzo noma izimpawu ozibonile kusukela ekuhambeleni kwakho kwangaphambili.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezinsiza ozithathayo, kanye nama-log eswekile egazini lakho uma uqapha amazinga e-glucose. Yiba nolwazi lwakho loku-inshorensi namarekhodi akho wezokwelapha angaphambili alula.

Lungiselela ukuxoxa ngokudla kwakho, uhlelo lokuzivocavoca, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile. Udokotela wakho uzothanda ukwazi ngokuguquka kokunyakaza kwengane, ukungakhululeki okungavamile, noma noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngosayizi wengane yakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha umuntu wokusekela ongasiza ekukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokuqondana ngokuhlela ukulethwa kanye nezinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke.

Yini into ebalulekile ngokukhula kakhulu kwengane?

Ukuqina kwengane kuyisimo esilawuleka esichaphazela ukukhulelwa okuningi, futhi ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, omama abaningi nezingane banomphumela omuhle. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuqapha ukukhula kwengane yakho nokulungiselela ukulethwa okuphephile kakhulu.

Uma unezici eziyingozi njengokugula kweswekile, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula iswekile egazini lakho kungase kuthinte kakhulu izindlela zokukhula kwengane yakho. Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nengane enkulu akusho ukuthi izinhlanganisela zizovela, kodwa ukulungiselela kusiza wonke umuntu ohilelekile ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.

Themba ubuchwepheshe beqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo ngesimo sakho esithile. Wonke ukukhulelwa kuhlukile, futhi abahlinzeki bakho bazokwenza indlela yabo ukuze banike wena nengane yakho umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo ngokukhula kakhulu kwengane

Ingabe ukuqina kwengane kungavimbeka?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo zokukhula kakhulu kwengane, ukulawula ukugula kweswekile nokulondoloza amazinga eswekile egazini elihle kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi. Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuhlala usebenzile njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, nokuya kuyo yonke imihlangano yokuqapha ukukhulelwa kusiza ukwenza izindlela zokukhula kwengane yakho zibe ngcono.

Ingabe ngizodinga i-C-section uma ingane yami iqina kakhulu?

Akuyona njalo. Abesifazane abaningi abanezingane eziqina kakhulu bazala ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka izici njengesisindo esilinganiselwe sengane yakho, usayizi wethambo lakho, kanye nempilo yakho ngokujwayelekile ukuncoma indlela yokulethwa ephephile kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Zingakanani izilinganiso zesondlo se-ultrasound zezingane ezinkulu?

Iziqikelelo ze-ultrasound zingase zibe ngaphandle kwama-10-15% nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi leli phutha liba likhulu ngezinye izikhathi zezingane ezinkulu. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa lezi ziqikelelo njengesihluthulelo esisodwa phakathi kwabaningi ukulungiselela ukunakekelwa kwakho, hhayi njengokuqikelela okuqinile kwesisindo esiqondile sengane yakho.

Ingabe ingane yami izoba nezinhlanganisela zempilo uma izalwa inkulu?

Izingane eziningi eziqina kakhulu zinolimi lapho zizalwa futhi ziqhubeka zithuthuka ngokujwayelekile. Ezinye zingase zidinga ukuqapha amazinga eswekile egazini ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, kodwa izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zempilo yesikhathi eside azivamile lapho kunikezwa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi nangemva kokulethwa.

Ingabe ukuba nengane enkulu kusho ukuthi zonke izingane zami zesikhathi esizayo ziyoba zinkulu?

Ukuba nengane enkulu eyodwa kukwandisa ubungozi bakho bezingane ezinkulu zesikhathi esizayo, kodwa akuqinisekisiwe. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoqapha ukukhulelwa kwesikhathi esizayo ngokuqinile futhi angase aqhube ukukhetha ukugula kweswekile kanye nezinye izici eziyingozi ukuze asisize ukuphatha ukukhula kwengane.