Ukuqabuka Kuyini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqabuka kuyindlela yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokulwa nokutheleleka noma izifo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho likhuphuka ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile esingaba yi-98.6°F (37°C). Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yakho yokukhulisa isikhali esikhuphula ukushisa ukuze usize ukubulala ama-germs kanye nebhaktheriya angaphili kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Nakuba ukuqabuka kungase kuzwakale kungakhululeki futhi kukhathaze, empeleni kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba wakho usebenza kanzima ukuze uzivikele futhi uzilungise.

Ukuqabuka kuyini?

Ukuqabuka kwenzeka uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho likhuphuka ngaphezu kwesilinganiso salo esijwayelekile, ngokuvamile lifika ku-100.4°F (38°C) noma ngaphezulu uma lilinganiswa ngomlomo. Isikhungo sokulawula izinga lokushisa ebuchosheni bakho, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypothalamus, sisebenza njengesi-thermostat esibekiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi sesifo.

Lokhu kuphuma kwenzeka ngoba isikhali sakho sokuvikela sikhipha amakhemikhali akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi yi-pyrogens uma siqaphela abahlaseli ababi njengezifo noma ibhaktheriya. La makhemikhali abika ebuchosheni bakho ukuthi aphakamise izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho, kudale indawo engcono kakhulu kuma-germs ngesikhathi sokuqina impendulo yakho yokukhulisa isikhali.

Ukuqabuka okuningi kuyinhlanhla futhi kuzixazulula ngokwalo njengoba umzimba wakho ulwa nesizathu esiyimbangela. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda ukuthi nini ukuqabuka kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ekuphatheni lesi simpawu esivamile.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqabuka?

Isilwane esicacile sokuqabuka ukuzizwa ufudumala noma ushisa ngokungajwayelekile uma uthintwa, kodwa umzimba wakho uyakunika ezinye izibonakaliso zokuthi izinga lokushisa lakho liyakhuphuka. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kumuntu nomuntu futhi zingase ziye ziye njengoba ukuqabuka kwakho kuhluka.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzizwa ufudumala noma ushisa uma uthintwa, ikakhulukazi ebunzini lakho, esifubeni, noma emuva
• Ukuthandaza nokukhahlela, ngisho noma uzizwa ushisa
• Ukukhishwa okuningi kunokujwayelekile
• Intloko ebuhlungu engase ibe yiyona ephansi kuya kwephakathi
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu bezingqimba emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi okuncane noma ukunxanela okwandayo
• Ukukhuluphala ukugxila noma ukuzizwa udida kancane

Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi uhlukahlukene phakathi kokuzwa ubuqabuka kakhulu nobushisa kakhulu, okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuqabuka. Umzimba wakho usebenza ukuze ulawule izinga lokushisa, futhi lezi zinguquko ziyingxenye yaleyo nqubo.

Yini ebangela ukuqabuka?

Ukuqabuka kwenzeka uma isikhali sakho sokuvikela siphendula ezinye izinto ezibangela, ngokutheleleka okuyisizathu esivamile. Umzimba wakho uphakamisa izinga lokushisa njengendlela yokuvikela ukuze udale indawo engcono kakhulu ezidalweni ezinobubi ngesikhathi sokuqina impendulo yakho yokukhulisa isikhali.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwezifo ezinjengesiqabuka esivamile, isifo sikagwayi, noma i-COVID-19
• Ukutheleleka kwezifo ezinjenge-strep throat, ukutheleleka kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwamathumbu, noma i-pneumonia
• Ukugonywa kwabantwana, okungabangela ukuqabuka okuncane njengoba isikhali sakho sokuvikela sakha isivikelo
• Ukutheleleka kokudla okuvela ekudleni okungcolile noma emanzini
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ikakhulukazi kuvamile kubantwana
• Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus okuvela ekuqineni okuphelile

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zingase zihlanganise imithi ethile, izimo zokukhulisa isikhali lapho isikhali sakho sokuvikela sihlasele ngephutha izicubu ezinempilo, noma izifo ezivuvukalayo ezinjenge-arthritis. Ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokubonakala kwelanga isikhathi eside noma umsebenzi onzima womzimba kungase futhi kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokuqabuka.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izimo ezinkulu ezinjengokuqina kwegazi, ezinye izifo zomdlavuza, noma izimpendulo ezivuvukalayo ezinkulu zingase zibangele ukuqabuka okuqhubekayo okudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela ngokuqabuka?

Ukuqabuka okuningi kuphatheka ekhaya futhi kuzoxazulula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa izimo ezithile zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho nokuphathwa okuqondile. Ukwazi lezi zibonakaliso zokuqapha kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izinga lokushisa eliyi-103°F (39.4°C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuqabuka okuqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngaphandle kokuthuthuka
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu engaphenduli ekuqaphelweni kobuhlungu
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo okungavumeli ukugcina amanzi
• Izibonakaliso zokuphelelwa amanzi ezinjengokukhungatheka, umlomo owomile, noma ukunciphisa ukuya esikhumulweni
• Intamo eqinile kanye nentloko ebuhlungu nokukhanya okukhulu
• Ukudida noma ukukhuluphala ukuhlala uphapheme
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu
• I-rash evela ngokuzumayo ngokuqabuka

Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, noma yikuphi ukuqabuka kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba izikhali zabo zokukhulisa isikhali zisathuthuka. Abantwana nabantu abadala abanezinhlelo zokukhulisa isikhali ezicindezelwe, izimo zempilo ezingapheli, noma labo abasebenzisa imithi ecindezela isikhali sokuvikela kufanele futhi bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kunokwephuzile.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikubangele ukuqabuka?

Nakuba noma ubani angaba nokuqabuka, izinto ezithile zingakwenza ube sengozini yokutheleleka nezimo ezivame ukubangela izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikubangele ukuqabuka kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele futhi uqaphele ukuthi nini ungase ube sengozini.

Izinto ezikhuphula amathuba akho okuqabuka zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka ephakeme kakhulu - izingane, abantwana abancane, nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 banempendulo yokukhulisa isikhali engaphili kahle
• Isikali sokuvikela esicindezelwe eziqondweni ezinjenge-diabetes, umdlavuza, noma i-HIV
• Ukusebenzisa imithi ecindezela umsebenzi wokukhulisa isikhali, njenge-steroids noma i-chemotherapy
• Izimo zempilo ezingapheli ezinjengezifo zenhliziyo, izifo zephunga, noma izinkinga zezinkulungwane
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva noma izinqubo zezokwelapha ezingase zifake ibhaktheriya
• Ukuhlangana eduze nabantu abagulayo emindenini, ezikoleni, noma ezindaweni zokusebenza
• Ukudla okunganelisayo noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuqeda amandla okuvikela
• Ukwehluleka ukulala ngokwanele, okulimaza umsebenzi wokukhulisa isikhali

Izinto zesizini nazo zidlalela indima, ngokutheleleka kwezifo ezivamile ngesikhathi se-fall ne-winter lapho abantu bachitha isikhathi esiningi ndawonye ngaphakathi. Ukuhamba emazweni anazo izifo ezihlukile ezihambisana nokutheleleka kungase futhi kukhuphule isikhashana ingozi yakho yezifo ezibangela ukuqabuka.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngokuqabuka?

Nakuba ukuqabuka okuningi kuzixazulula ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga ezihlala njalo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma ukuqabuka okuqhubekayo kungase kube nezinkinga ezidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza uqaphe isimo sakho ngokufanele futhi ufune ukunakekelwa uma kudingeka.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngokuqabuka okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi okwandayo ngokukhishwa nokuphefumula okusheshayo
• Ukubamba kwezifo kubantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emihlanu
• Ukubona izinto ezingasekhoyo noma ukudida ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu
• Izinga lokushisa kwenhliziyo eliheshayo eliqeda isikhali senhliziyo
• Ukungahambisani kwama-electrolyte ngenxa yokukhishwa okukhulu nokulahlekelwa amanzi
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuvimbela imisebenzi yansuku zonke

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuqabuka okuphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwe-106°F (41.1°C) kungabangela ukushaywa komlilo, isimo esiyingozi empilweni lapho isikhali sokulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho sihluleka. Leli bhubesi lezokwelapha lidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwamalungu.

Izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka ngokuphathwa okuqondile kokushisa, ukungenisa amanzi ngokwanele, nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi lapho izibonakaliso zokuqapha zivele. Okubalulekile ukuqapha izimpawu zakho futhi uphendule ngokufanele kunokuvumela izibonakaliso ezinkulu zingaxazululwa.

Ukuqabuka kuhlolwa kanjani?

Ukuhlola ukuqabuka kuqala ngokulinganisa izinga lokushisa eliqondile, kodwa udokotela wakho uzofuna futhi ukuqonda imbangela yayo ukuze anikeze ukwelashwa okuqondile. Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa kokubili ukuhlolwa komzimba nemibuzo ehloselwe izimpawu zakho.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lakho usebenzisa i-thermometer ethembekile, ngokukhethekile ngomlomo noma ngesikhumba ukuze uthole ukufunda okuqondile. Bazohlola futhi izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile kuhlanganise izinga lokushisa kwenhliziyo, ingcindezi yegazi, kanye nezinga lokuphefumula ukuze bahlole ukuthi umzimba wakho uphendula kanjani ekuqabukeni.

Ukuthola imbangela, udokotela wakho angase abuze ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Nini ukuqabuka kwakho kwaqala nokuthi kube phezulu kangakanani
• Ezinye izimpawu ozizwa njengokukhahlela, ubuhlungu entanyeni, noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuhamba kwamuva, ukuhlangana nabantu abagulayo, noma izinguquko endleleni yakho
• Imithi yamanje nezimo zempilo ezingapheli
• Ukuthi imithi yokunciphisa ukuqabuka iye yasiza kangakanani

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthazele ukwenza izivivinyo zegazi ukuze ahlole ukutheleleka kwezifo, izivivinyo zokukhishwa kwamathumbu uma ukutheleleka kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwamathumbu kucatshangelwa, noma ukukhiqizwa komlomo we-strep throat. I-X-rays yesifuba ingase idingeke uma unezimpawu zokuphefumula kanye nokuqabuka.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kugxila ekusikwenzeni uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi umzimba wakho ulwa nesizathu esiyimbangela, kunokucindezela ngamandla ukuqabuka ngokwalo. Umgomo ukuphatha izimpawu nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela ngesikhathi sokuqina impendulo yemvelo yokukhulisa isikhali.

Imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqabuka nokungakhululeki okuhambisana nakho:

• I-Acetaminophen (Tylenol) iphephile kubantu abaningi futhi ingasetshenziswa njalo ngamahora angu-4-6 njengoba kuqondiswe
• I-Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) iyanciphisa kokubili ukuqabuka nokuvuvukala, ithathwe njalo ngamahora angu-6-8 ngokudla
• I-Aspirin kufanele igwenywe kubantwana nasebasha ngenxa yengozi ye-Reye's syndrome

Hlala ulandela imiyalo yephakheji yokulinganisa futhi ungadluli amanani acasuliwe. Uma unezinkinga zesibindi, isifo sezinso, noma usebenzisa ezinye imithi, hlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le miyekezo yokuqabuka.

Ngokutheleleka kwezifo, udokotela wakho angase abele imithi ye-antibiotics, kodwa le miyekezo ngeke isize ngezifo ezinjengesiqabuka esivamile noma isifo sikagwayi. Imithi ye-antiviral ingase ikhuthazwe ngezifo ezithile uma ithathwe ngokushesha.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqabuka ekhaya?

Ukukhathalelwa ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni ukuqabuka ngokuphepha nangokukhululeka ngesikhathi umzimba wakho ululama esifweni. Lezi zinyathelo zokusekela zingasiza ekuqedeni ukungakhululeki nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi obalulekile wesikhali sakho sokuvikela.

Ukuphumula kuyithuluzi lakho elibaluleke kakhulu lokuphulukisa. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa amandla amakhulu ukulwa nokutheleleka nokugcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngakho ukuthola ukulala okwanele nokuqeda imisebenzi enzima kusiza ekuqondiseni leyo mandla ekuphulukiseni.

Ukugcina umzimba wakho unamanzi kuba yinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqabuka ngoba ulahlekelwa amanzi engeziwe ngokukhishwa nokuphefumula okusheshayo:

• Phuza amanzi, ama-broths acacile, noma itiye lezimila njalo usuku lonke
• Gwema utshwala ne-caffeine, okungase kube nomthelela ekuphelelweni amanzi
• Dla ukudla okulula, okulula ukulihlanza uma uzizwa ukhululekile
• Cabanga ngezixazululo zama-electrolyte uma ukhishwa kakhulu

Izinyathelo zokukhululeka komzimba zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinzuzo zokuqabuka. Gqoka izingubo ezilula, eziphefumula futhi sebenzisa amabhedi alula kunokumbozwa okukhulu. Ukugqoka okufudumala noma ukugeza kungakusiza ukhululeke okwesikhashana, kodwa gwema amanzi abandayo angase abangele ukuthandaza futhi aphakamise izinga lokushisa.

Gcina indawo yakho ipholile futhi iphefumule kahle, usebenzisa abalandeli uma kudingeka, kodwa ungazenzi ube buqabuka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yezokwelapha uma unekuqabuka kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho uthola ulwazi olufanele ukuze ahlole futhi aphathe isimo sakho ngempumelelo. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokulungiselela imicabango yakho nezibonakaliso, ngisho noma ungazizwa kahle, kungase kube nokunakekelwa okuhle.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokushisa:

• Nini ukuqabuka kwakho kwaqala kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu olikhombisile
• Zonke izimpawu ozizwe, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene
• Imithi oyithathe ngokuqabuka nokuthi iye yasiza kangakanani
• Imisebenzi yakamuva, ukuhamba, noma ukuhlangana nezifo
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho

Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kanye nezinye izinto, ngoba ezinye zingase zihlangane nokwelashwa kokushisa. Uma unezimo zempilo ezingapheli, lungela ukuxoxa ngendlela ezingase zihlangane ngayo nesifo sakho samanje.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe umuntu omkhulu wasekhaya noma umngani uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, njengoba bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluyisisekelo nokubuza imibuzo uma unezinkinga zokugxila.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuqabuka?

Ukuqabuka kuyindlela yemvelo yomzimba wakho futhi ngokuvamile kuyindlela enhle yokulwa nokutheleleka, kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi isikhali sakho sokuvikela sisebenza ngokukhululeka ukuze sivikele impilo yakho. Nakuba ukuzizwa ufudumala kungase kuzwakale kungakhululeki futhi kukhathaze, ukuqabuka okuningi kuzixazulula ngokwalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya okuqondile nokuphumula.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqabuka ngokwalo akuyona into eyingozi, kodwa kunesimpawu sesimo esiyimbangela esidinga ukunakekelwa. Gxila ekuhlaleni ukhululekile, unamanzi, futhi uphumule ngesikhathi uqapha izibonakaliso zokuqapha ezingase zibonise ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nomzimba wakho futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho noma uma ukuqabuka kwakho kuqhubeka isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile. Ngokunakekelwa okuqondile nokunakekelwa, ungaphatha ukuqabuka ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuqina impendulo yemvelo yokukhulisa isikhali somzimba wakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nokuqabuka

Kufanele ngizame ukuphelisa ukuqabuka noma ngivumele kuqhubeke?

Ngokuvamile, kufanele ugxile ekuphumuleni kunokuphelisa ukuqabuka ngamandla, ngoba ukuqabuka kusiza isikhali sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nokutheleleka. Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ukuqabuka uma uzizwa ungakhululeki kakhulu, kodwa ungagcini ngokuqeda ukuqabuka ngokuphelele. Vumela umzimba wakho ugcine izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kancane ngesikhathi sokuphatha izimpawu ezihlanganisa ukuphumula nokunxanela.

Ungaba nokuqabuka ngaphandle kokuzwa ufudumala noma ukuba nezinye izimpawu?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuba nokuqabuka ngaphandle kokuzwa ufudumala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala noma abantu abanezinhlelo zokukhulisa isikhali ezicindezelwe. Abanye abantu bangase bazwe ubuqabuka noma bakhahlele esikhundleni sokuzizwa befudumala, kanti abanye bangase bazwe ukukhathala noma ukungakhululeki okuncane. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lakho nge-thermometer yindlela ethembekile yokuthola ukuqabuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzizwa kanjani.

Ukuqabuka kufanele kuqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ngikhathazeke?

Ukuqabuka okuningi okuvela ezifweni ezivamile kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-2-3 futhi kufanele kubonise izibonakaliso zokuthuthuka ngosuku lwesithathu. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukuqabuka kwakho kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu, kufika ku-103°F (39.4°C) noma ngaphezulu, noma uma uthola izimpawu ezinkulu ezinjengokuphefumula okunzima, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, noma ukugabha okuqhubekayo.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca noma ukusebenza ngokuqabuka okuncane?

Kungcono ukuphumula uma unekuqabuka, ngisho nokuncane, ngoba umzimba wakho usebenzisa amandla ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ukuzivocavoca kungaphakamisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho futhi kungase kuqhubeke nesifo sakho noma kukhuluphale izimpawu. Linda uze ube usungapheli ukuqabuka okungenani amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokubuyela emisebenzini evamile noma ekuzivocavoca.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka noma ukungabi nakho ukulala kubangela ukuqabuka?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka nokungabi nakho ukulala kungalimaza isikhali sakho sokuvikela futhi kukwenze ube sengozini yokutheleleka okubangela ukuqabuka, akuyona into ebangela ukuqabuka ngokuqondile. Noma kunjalo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma ukukhathala kungase kubangele ukuphakama kancane kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba. Uma unekuqabuka okuqondile (100.4°F noma ngaphezulu), cishe kunokutheleleka noma isimo sezempilo esiyimbangela esidinga ukunakekelwa.