Ukuthi Yini Umdlavuza Wezindonga Zomlomo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo uhlobo lomdlavuza womlomo olukhula ezihlangwini ezithambile ngaphansi kolimi lwakho. Le ndawo, ebizwa ngokuthi izindonga zomlomo, inezakhiwo ezibalulekile njengezitho zokukhipha umdlavuza, imisipha, nemiphunga yegazi ezisiza ekukhulumeni nasekugeleni.

Nakuba lokhu kuhlinzwa kungase kubonakale kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi yini oyiphathayo kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi uqiniseke ngeindlela yakho yokwelashwa. Iningi lomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo yi-squamous cell carcinomas, okusho ukuthi iqala eziceleni ezincane, ezicacile ezihlanganisa le ndawo.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo zingase zibe nzima futhi zidideke nezinye izinkinga ezivamile zomlomo. Ungase ubone isifo esincane noma isigaba esingapheli phakathi kwamasonto amabili, okuvame ukuba yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi kukhona okudinga ukunakekelwa.

Nazi izimpawu okufanele uzilandele, uqale ngezivamile kakhulu:

• Isifo esiqhubekayo, isifo, noma isigaba esimhlophe/esibomvu ngaphansi kolimi lwakho
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucasuka ezingongeni zomlomo wakho
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa ulimi lwakho ngokujwayelekile
• Ukukhula noma isibopho ongasibona ngaphansi kolimi lwakho
• Ukushintsha kwezwi lakho noma izindlela zokukhuluma
• Ubunzima bokuhlanza noma umuzwa wokuthi ukudla kubambeka
• Ukungabi namandla emlonyeni wakho noma olimini
• Ukuphuma kwegazi emlonyeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ungase ube nezitho zokukhipha umdlavuza ezivuvukile entanyeni yakho, umoya omubi oqhubekayo ongaphuli ngokuhlanzeka komlomo, noma amazinyo alahlekile ngaphandle kwesifo sezinwele. Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhule kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukushintsha okuqhubekayo kufanele kunakekelwe.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo ukhula lapho amaseli kule ndawo eqala ukukhula ngokungajwayelekile nangokungenakulawuleka. Nakuba singakwazi njalo ukubona ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka komunye umuntu hhayi komunye, izinto eziningi zanda kakhulu ingozi.

Izimbangela ezivamile nezici zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshaba kunoma iyiphi indlela, kuhlanganise izigqoko, izigqoko, imiphunga, notshaba olungenamoya
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa notshaba
• Ukutheleleka yi-Human papillomavirus (HPV), ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo okuholela ekucasukeni okuqhubekayo
• Ubudala, ngezimo eziningi ezivela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40
• Ukuba owesilisa, njengoba amadoda ethuthukisa lo mdlavuza kakhulu kunabesifazane
• Ukucazuka okuqhubekayo okuvela emazinyweni angalungile noma amazinyo ahlasimulisayo

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside okuthinta izindebe nendawo yomlomo, izimo ezithile zezofu, nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kokushisa ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umdlavuza, kodwa zanda amathuba akho.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngezimpawu zezindonga zomlomo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho noma ugqirha wamazinyo uma ubona noma yisiphi isifo, isigaba, noma indawo engavamile emlonyeni wakho eqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke kuhlale kungcono ukubheka okuthile ngokushesha kunokuba kube sekwephuzile.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuhlanza, ukuphuma kwegazi okuqhubekayo, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu obuphazamisa ukudla noma ukukhuluma. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise isimo esithuthukile esidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ungakhathazeki ngokubonakala uqaphile kakhulu. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangathanda kakhulu ukuhlola into engalungile kunokulahlekelwa ithuba lokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ugqirha wakho ojwayelekile wamazinyo uvame ukuba ngowokuqala ukubona umdlavuza womlomo ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile, okuyisizathu esihle sokuqhubeka nokuvakashela kwamazinyo.

Ziyini izici zengozi zomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi siqu kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuvimbela nokuhlola. Ezinye izinto ongaziqondisa, kanti ezinye ziyisigaba sempilo yakho siqu.

Izici zengozi ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila ongazithinta zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshaba kunoma iyiphi indlela
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala
• Imikhuba emibi yokuhlanzeka komlomo
• Ukudla okuncane ezithelo nasezimila
• Ukucazuka okuqhubekayo okuvela ezinkingeni zamagciwane

Izici ongenakuzilawula zihlanganisa ubudala bakho, ubulili, ukuncipha kwezofu, nokwelashwa kwangaphambili komdlavuza. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 anamazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lawo anembali yokusetshenziswa kotshaba notshwala.

Uma unezici eziningi zengozi, lokhu akusho ukuthi umdlavuza awunqabile. Kusho nje ukuthi kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngempilo yomlomo nokuhlola okujwayelekile. Abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abazutholi umdlavuza, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezicacile bayazithola.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo ungaletha izinhlanganisela eziningi, kokubili ezivela kumdlavuza ngokwawo nakwelapho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukulungiselela nokusebenza neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukunciphisa umthelela wazo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubunzima bokuhlanza, ukuphuza, noma ukuhlanza
• Ukushintsha kokukhuluma noma izinkinga zokukhuluma
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emlonyeni nasengxenyeni yomhlathi
• Umlomo owomile ezivela ezithweni zokukhipha umdlavuza ezilimele
• Izinkinga zamagciwane nokulahleka kwamazinyo
• Amabala nokushintsha kokubonakala komlomo

Izinhlanganisela ezinzima kodwa ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukusabalala ezithweni zokukhipha umdlavuza eziseduze, ubunzima bokuqeda uma umdlavuza uthinta izakhiwo zomphimbo, nezinkinga zokudla ezivela ebunzimeni bokuhlanza. Izimo ezithuthukile zingase zidinga ukuhlinzwa kokwakha kabusha.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizozama kanzima ukuvimbela lezi zinhlanganisela nokuphatha noma yiziphi ezivela. Iningi lemiphumela emibi ehlobene nokwelashwa liyaphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi izinsizakalo zokuvuselela zingasiza ekuvuseleleni umsebenzi nokuphuza impilo.

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo utholakala kanjani?

Ukutholakala komdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele yidokotela wakho noma ugqirha wamazinyo. Bazobheka ngokucophelela indawo engathandeki futhi bazizwe izibopho noma ukukhula emlonyeni nasekhanda.

Inqubo yokuhlola ivame ukubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, umhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha ophelele futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Uma bethola okuthile okukhathazayo, bazoncoma ukwelashwa, lapho isampula encane yethishu isuswa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise i-CT scans, i-MRI, noma i-PET scans ukuze kubonwe usayizi womdlavuza nokuthi usabalale yini. Lezi zihloko zokuthola izithombe zisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelashwa ephumelelayo. Inqubo yonke yokuhlola ivame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa, nakuba izimo eziphuthumayo zingase ziqhutshwe ngokushesha.

Yini ukwelashwa komdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza, usayizi, nendawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma kubanjwe ngokushesha, lo mdlavuza uvame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungase luhlanganise enye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zindlela:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa isibopho kanye nezinhlanganisela eziseduze
• Ukwelashwa ngokushisa ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, okuhlanganiswa kaningi nokushisa
• Imithi yokwelapha ehloselwe izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy ukusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela umzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza

Umdlavuza wokuqala ungase udinga kuphela ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngokushisa, kanti izimo ezithuthukile zivame ukudinga ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Iqembu lakho le-oncology lizokucacisela ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezifanele isimo sakho esithile futhi likusize uqonde ukuthi yini okulindelekile.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa iyahluka kodwa ingase ihlanganise ukukhula okwesikhashana, ubunzima bokuhlanza, nokukhathala. Iningi lemiphumela emibi lilawuleka futhi liyaphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokusekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukuphatha izimpawu ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekududuzeni nasekuphileni kwakho. Izindlela ezilula zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwelashwa.

Ngobuhlungu bomlomo nokuhlunguluka, zama ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ane-salt izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Gwema ukudla okunoshukela, okunomsoco, noma okukhulu okungase kukucasulele umlomo wakho. Ukudla okumnene, okubandayo njenge-smoothies, i-yogurt, ne-ice cream kungase kududuze futhi kube lula ukuhlanza.

Hlala unamanzi ngokuphuza amanzi usuku lonke, futhi cabanga ngokusebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze ugcine umlomo wakho unamanzi. Uma ukhanyisa noma uphuza utshwala, ukuyeka lezi zindlela kuzosiza umlomo wakho uqhubeke futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokwelashwa.

Gcina umlomo wakho uhlanzekile ngokuhlanza okuthambile usebenzisa ibrashi ethambile, bese ulandela noma yiziphi iziqondiso ezithile zokunakekelwa komlomo ezivela eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha. Ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha uma izimpawu zibe zimbi noma kube khona izinkinga ezintsha.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho nokuthi udokotela wakho unemininingwane yonke edingekayo ukukusiza. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile kanjani.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi, amavithamini, nezinhlanganisela ozithathayo. Faka imininingwane mayelana nokusetshenziswa kotshaba notshwala, njengoba lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukuhlela ukwelashwa. Ungakhathazeki ngokwahlulelwa – iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lidinga ulwazi oluqotho ukuze linikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazidinga, izinketho zokwelashwa ezikhona, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngokuqhubeka. Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukukusiza ukukhumbula imininingwane ebalulekile nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule ngomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo uyisimo esinzima, kodwa futhi uyaphatheka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zomlomo eziqhubekayo eziqhubeka ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kungase kubonakale kukhulu, khumbula ukuthi izinketho zokwelashwa ziye zathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lilapho ukukhokhela yonke inyathelo lale ndlela. Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo, ubonise ukukhathazeka, noma ufuna ukwesekwa uma ulikhona. Ukuthatha indima ephambili ekunakekelweni kwakho nokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba nomphumela omuhle.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo usabalala ngokushesha kangakanani?

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo ngokuvamile ukhula futhi usabalala kancane kunabanye umdlavuza, kodwa izinga liyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Umdlavuza wokuqala ungase ukhule ezinyangeni, kanti izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu zingase ziqhubeke ngokushesha. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo.

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo ungavimbeka yini?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokuyeka utshaba kunoma iyiphi indlela, ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo, nokwenza ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwamazinyo. Ukugonywa kwe-HPV kungase futhi kusize ekuqedeni ingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abancane.

Iyini izinga lokuphila komdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Izinga lokuphila lixhomeke kakhulu esigabeni sokutholakala. Umdlavuza wokuqala wezindonga zomlomo unamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphila, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwama-80-90% eminyakeni emihlanu. Izigaba ezithuthukile zinamazinga aphansi, kodwa ukwelashwa kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Isimo sakho esithile sokuqagela sincike ezintweni eziningi siqu ongokwelapha angakuxoxela ngazo.

Ngizokwazi yini ukudla nokukhuluma ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi bayabuya umsebenzi omuhle ngemuva kokwelashwa, nakuba kungase kudingeke isikhathi nokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nokuhlanza kungakusiza ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukushintsha. Ubuningi bokushintsha kokusebenza kuncike endaweni, usayizi, nohlobo lokwelashwa oludinga.

Amalungu omndeni kufanele ahlolwe yini uma nginomdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo?

Umdlavuza wezindonga zomlomo ngokuvamile awudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, ngakho amalungu omndeni awadingi ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ngaphandle uma enezimpawu zabo siqu noma izici zengozi. Noma kunjalo, amalungu omndeni kufanele agcine imikhuba emihle yempilo yomlomo nokuhlola okujwayelekile kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi uma bahlanganyela izici zengozi ezifanayo zendlela yokuphila njengokusetshenziswa kotshaba.