Ukuphepheka Kokudla Kuyini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ukuphepheka kokudla kwenzeka uma isimo sakho sokuvikela simane siqonde iprotheni yokudla engenangozi njengomhlaseli oyingozi. Umuthi wakho uqala ukuhlasela lokhu kudla, udala izimpawu ezingaba ukungakhululeki okuncane kuya ezimpendulweni ezisongela impilo.

Ukuphepheka kokudla kuchaphazela abantu abangaba ngu-32 million baseMelika, kuhlanganise nomntwana oyedwa kwabangu-13. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuphepheka kwakho kokudla kungakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo egcwele, uqiniseke. Ikhona ukwazi ukuthi yini ebangela izimpendulo zakho nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphepheka kokudla?

Izimpawu zokuphepheka kokudla zivame ukuvela ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-2 emva kokudla ukudla okubangela. Impendulo yomzimba wakho ingachaphazela isikhumba sakho, isistimu yokugaya, ukuphefumula, noma ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona zihlanganisa ama-hives, ukukhahlela, noma ukukhula komlomo nobuso. Abantu abaningi baphawula futhi ukubamba esiswini, isicanucanu, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa isifuba esigcwele, ukuthandaza, noma ubunzima obukhulu bokuqeda.

Nawa izimpawu ezihlanganisiwe ngendlela ezichaphazela ngayo izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho:

• Ukuphepheka kwesikhumba: Ama-hives, isikhumba esibomvu, ukukhahlela, ukukhula kwamazinyo noma amehlo
• Izimpawu zokugaya: Isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukubamba esiswini, isifo sohudo
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula: Isifuba esigcwele, ukuthandaza, ukukhokha, ukufiphaza
• Umlomo nomlomo: Ukukhahlela, ukukhula, ubunzima bokuginya

Izimpendulo eziningi zokuphepheka kokudla zihlala zingenakukhathazeka kuya ezingeni eliphakathi. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke impendulo ngokungathi sína ngoba izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingathuthuka ngokungalindelekile.

Izimpendulo ezinzima zokuphepheka (Anaphylaxis)

I-Anaphylaxis iyisimo esinzima, esichaphazela umzimba wonke esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Lesi simo esisongela impilo sithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba futhi singathuthuka ngokushesha.

Phakathi ne-anaphylaxis, ungase uhlushwe ukuqina kakhulu kokuphefumula, ukwehla okusheshayo kokucindezela kwegazi, ukukhungatheka, noma ukulahlekelwa yikwazi. Intamo yakho ingase ibe bukhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa umuzwa wokuba khona okusondelayo noma ukukhathazeka okukhulu.

Izimpawu zesixwayiso ezengeziwe zihlanganisa:

• I-hives yomzimba wonke noma ukukhuluphala okukhulu
• I-pulse esheshayo, ebuthakathaka
• Ukuphefumula okukhulu, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukudideka noma ukuzwa ubuthakathaka
• Izindebe noma iinzipho eziluhlaza

Uma wena noma othile osekufuphi nawe ebonisa izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis, shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese usebenzisa i-epinephrine auto-injector uma ikhona. Lena yingozi yezokwelapha yangempela edinga ukwelashwa ngochwepheshe.

Imikhakha ye-allergy yokudla yini?

I-allergies yokudla iwa ezigabeni ezahlukene ngokusekelwe endleleni i-immune system yakho esabela ngayo. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu luhilela ama-antibodies abizwa nge-IgE, abangela ukusabela okusheshayo.

I-allergies yokudla ephakathi ne-IgE

Lezi yizinto ezivamile ze-allergies yokudla ezibangela izimpawu ezisheshayo. I-immune system yakho ikhiqiza ama-antibodies e-IgE abonisa amaprotheni athile okudla njengezingozi. Uma udle ukudla okunjalo, la ma-antibodies aqalisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhiqizwayo ezifana ne-histamine.

Ukusebenza kwe-IgE-mediated kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kuya emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokudla. Zingase zihluke kusuka ezimpawu ezilula ezifana ne-hives kuya ku-anaphylaxis enzima. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa iningi le-allergies yokudla evamile njenge-peanuts, ama-tree nuts, i-shellfish, namaqanda.

I-allergies yokudla engafani ne-IgE

Lezi allergies zihilela izingxenye ezahlukene ze-immune system yakho futhi zibangela ukusabela okulile. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ngemuva kokudla ukudla okubangela.

Isibonelo esivamile kakhulu yi-food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane nezingane ezincane. I-FPIES ivame ukubangela ukugabha okukhulu nesisifo sohudo, okuvame ukubangelwa ubisi, i-soy, noma ama-grains.

I-allergies ehlanganiswe ne-IgE kanye ne-non-IgE

Ezinye izimo zihilela kokubili izimpendulo zokuphepha kwamandla eziqala ngokushesha nezinye eziqala kamuva. I-Eosinophilic esophagitis yisibonelo, lapho ukudla okuthile kubangela ukuvuvukala esibindini sesisu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lezi zimpendulo ezihlanganisiwe zingenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima kakhulu ngoba izimpawu zingase zingalandeli iphethini evamile yokuqala ngokushesha. Ungase uhlangane nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside njengokunzima ukugwinya noma ubuhlungu besisu obuphindaphindayo.

Yini ebangela ukungezwani kokudla?

Ukungezwani kokudla kwenzeka lapho isimo sakho sokuphepha kwamandla sifuna ngokungalungile amaprotheni okudla angonakali njengezinto eziyingozi. Oosayensi abakuqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani, kodwa i-genetics nezici zemvelo zidlalela indima ebalulekile.

I-genes yakho ithonya amathuba akho okukhula kokungezwani kokudla, kodwa awakuqinisekisi ukuthi uzoba nakho. Uma omunye umzali enokungezwani kokudla, ingane yakho inamathuba angaba ngu-40% okukhula kokungezwani kokudla. Uma bobabili abazali benokungezwani kokudla, ingozi iyakhuphuka iye ku-70%.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni kokungezwani kokudla:

• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nohlobo oluthile lokungezwani kokudla, i-asthma, noma i-eczema kukhuphula ingozi yakho
• Iminyaka yokuqala kokubonisana: Ukungeniswa kwasekuqaleni kokudla okuthile kungasiza ukuvimbela ukungezwani kokudla
• Ezinye izimo zokungezwani kokudla: Ukuba ne-eczema noma ukungezwani kokudla kwemvelo kukhuphula ingozi yakho
• Ukuhlanganiswa nokulungiswa: Indlela ukudla okulungiswa ngayo kungase kuthonye ukungezwani kwakho

Izici zemvelo njengobuningi, ukuncishiswa kokubonisana nezifo ekuqaleni kokuphila, kanye nezinguquko eziphethweni zokudla zingase futhi zithonye ukukhula kokungezwani kokudla. Kodwa-ke, le miqondiso isacwaningwa.

Ukudla okuphakathi kwabahlanu abavamile abangaba yimbangela yokungezwani kokudla

Ukudla okuphakathi kwabahlanu kubalelwa cishe ku-90% yazo zonke izimpendulo zokungezwani kokudla. Lezi zinto eziyimbangela enkulu yokungezwani kokudla kufanele zibhalwe ngokucacile ezintweni zokudla ezipakishwe e-United States.

Lezi zinto eziyimbangela enkulu yokungezwani kokudla zihlanganisa:

1. Ubisi: Luvamile kakhulu kubantwana, ngokuvamile luyaphela uma sekukhule
2. Amaqanda: Ngokuvamile luvela ebuntwaneni, luyaphela ngokuvamile
3. Amandongomane: Angabangela ukusabela okukhulu, kuncane amathuba okuthi aphele
4. Amandongomane emithi: Kuhlanganisa ama-almond, ama-walnut, ama-cashew, kanye nabanye
5. I-Soy: Luvamile kakhulu kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa nabantwana
6. U-Wheat: Luhlukile ekuguleni kwe-celiac, luhilela ukusabela komzimba kwepuroteni ye-wheat
7. Izinhlanzi: Ngokuvamile luvela ebuntwini obukhulu futhi luhlala njalo
8. Izinto zasemanzini: Ukudla okukhulu kunabo bonke okubangela ukwanda kokungezwani kokudla kubantu abadala, akupheli ngokuvamile

Muva nje, i-sesame iye yaziwa njengokudla okubangela ukungezwani okukhulu okwesishiyagalolunye ngenxa yokwanda kokwaziswa ngokwanda kwayo nobunzima bayo.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yokungezwani kokudla?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma uhlala uhlangabezana nezimpawu ngemuva kokudla ukudla okuthile. Ngisho nezimpawu ezilula zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngoba ukungezwani kokudla kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uqaphela izindlela ezifana nokuthola ama-hives ngemuva kokudla amandongomane, ukuhlupheka ngezinhlungu zesisu ngobisi, noma ukuthuthukisa ubunzima bokuqeda ngokudla okuthile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingezinhlobo zokungezwani ngempela noma kungaba ukungezwani kokudla.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda noma ukuvuvuka
• Ukukhula kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umlomo
• I-pulse esheshayo noma ukukhathala
• Ama-hives omzimba wonke
• Ukuphefumula kabi kanye nokuhlanza kanye nezinhlungu zesisu ezinkulu

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ezinkulu ziyathuthuka zodwa. I-Anaphylaxis ingabulala uma ingelaphiwe ngokushesha, ngakho themba izinzwa zakho bese ufuna usizo ngokushesha.

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, gcina idayari yokudla eningiliziwe ubhale lokho okukudlayo nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo. Faka isikhathi sezimo, ububi bezimpawu, nanoma iyiphi imithi oyisebenzisile.

Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa kanye nezinhlanganisela ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi ama-antihistamines angaphezulu kokubaluleka. Phawula futhi noma iyiphi imbali yomndeni yokuzinzisa, isifo sofuba, noma isifo se-eczema, njengoba lolu lwazi lusiza ekuxilongweni.

Ziyini izimbangi zokuzinzisa ukudla?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwezifo zokuzinzisa ukudla. Ukuqonda lezi zici zingozi kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuvimbela nokuphatha.

Ubudala buwumsebenzi obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukungezwani kokudla. Iningi lezingqinamba zokudla liqala ebuntwaneni, ngeziningi ezivela ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili. Noma kunjalo, abantu abadala bangathuthukisa ukungezwani kokudla okusha, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzi, izinhlanzi, nama-tree nuts.

Nazi izimbangi eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi:

• Umbali womndeni: Ukuba nabazali noma abafowabo abanezifo zokuzinzisa kukwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho
• Ezinye izimo zokuzinzisa: I-Eczema, isifo sofuba, noma ukungezwani kokuzinzisa imvelo kukwandisa amathuba akho
• Ubudala: Abantwana banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ukungezwani kokudla kunabantu abadala
• Ubulili: Abafana banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukungezwani kokudla ebuntwaneni, kuyilapho ukungezwani kokudla kwezinhlanzi kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abadala besifazane
• Uhlanga nobuzwe: Ezinye izifo zokuzinzisa ziyavame kakhulu kubantu abathile

Ukuba nokudla okukodwa okungezwani kukwandisa futhi ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa ezinye. Isibonelo, uma ungezwani nenut yomuthi, unethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa ukungezwani kwezinye i-tree nuts.

Izimbangi zengozi ezingavamile

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingandisa ingozi yokungezwani kokudla. I-eczema eqinile ebuntwaneni ixhunyaniswe ngokuqinile ekuthuthukiseni ukungezwani kokudla. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yobisi ekuqaleni kungase futhi kudlale indima, yize ucwaningo luqhubeka.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukungeniswa okulile kokudla okubangela uketshezi kungase kukhulise ingozi yoketshezi kubantwana abathile. Iziqondiso zamanje zincoma ukungenisa amandongomane namaqanda ngokushesha kunokulibala, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zoketshezi lokudla?

Nakuba izinkinga eziningi zoketshezi lokudla ziphatheka kalula, kungenzeka kube khona izinhlanganisela eziningi. Okubi kunazo zonke yi-anaphylaxis, kodwa ezinye izinhlanganisela zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

I-Anaphylaxis yiyona nhlanganisela ebesaba kakhulu ngoba ingaba yingozi eyingozi. Ngisho noma uke waba nezinkinga ezilula kuphela ngaphambili, izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabikezelwa kwenza kubalulekile ukulungela njalo.

Ezinye izinhlanganisela ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kokudla: Ukugwema ukudla okuningi kungadala ukungabi nempilo efanele
• Izinkinga zokukhula kubantwana: Ukunciphisa ukudla okukhulu kungathinta intuthuko evamile
• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi: Ukwesaba izinkinga kunganciphisa imisebenzi yomphakathi nokudla ngaphandle
• Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka: Ukulinda njalo ngokudla kungathinta impilo yengqondo
• Ukuvezwa okungahlosiwe: Ukungcoliswa okwenzeka noma ukuphawulwa okungalungile kungabangela izinkinga ezingalindelekile

Imiphumela ekhwalithi yokuphila iyinyani futhi akufanele incike. Abantu abaningi abane-allergies yokudla bathuthukisa ukukhathazeka ngokudla, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomphakathi noma lapho behamba.

Izinhlanganisela zesibili

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-oral allergy syndrome, lapho izithelo nemifino eluhlaza zibangela ukukhahlela emlonyeni uma futhi une-allergy ku-pollens ethile. Lokhu kuhlangana kungandisisa uhlu lwakho lokudla okune-problem.

I-allergies yokudla eyenziwa yi-Exercise iyizinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína lapho izinkinga zenzeka kuphela uma uqeqesha phakathi namahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla okubangela uketshezi. Lezi zinkinga zingaba zimbi futhi zingabikezelwa.

Ukuvimbela kanjani uketshezi lokudla?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuba ne-allergies yokudla, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukungeniswa kwasekuqaleni kokudla okubangela i-allergies kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi kubantwana abathile. Lokhu kubonisa ushintsho olukhulu ecelweni langaphambili lokulibazisa leli zitsha.

Kubantwana abasebancane abasezingeni elikhulu lokuba ne-allergies ze-peanut, ukungenisa ukudla okune-peanut phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-4-6 kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-allergy. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho ineczema ebuhlungu noma i-allergies zokudla ezikhona.

Izindlela zokuvimbela ezingasiza zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhebhethisa: Ukubhebhethisa kuphela izinyanga eziyi-4-6 zokuqala kungase kunikeze isivikelo ethile
• Ukungeniswa kwasekuqaleni: Ukungenisa ukudla okubangela i-allergies kwasekuqaleni, cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-6, kunokulibala
• Ukudla okuhlukahlukene: Ukupha ukudla okuhlukahlukene ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila
• Ukugwema ukulinganiselwa okungadingekile: Ungasusi ukudla ekudleni kwakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngokwelapha

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zindlela zingasiza ekuphuculeni ingozi kodwa azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuvimbela. Abanye abantwana bazoba ne-allergies zokudla kungakhathaliseki izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Okungavimbeli i-allergies zokudla

Izindlela eziningi ezazikholelwa ukuthi zivimbela i-allergies zibonakale zingasebenzi. Ukugwema ukudla okubangela i-allergies ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akukuvimbeli i-allergies zokudla kubantwana. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa amafomu ahlukanisiwe esikhundleni samafomu ajwayelekile akuphi isivikelo esikhulu.

Ukulibazisa ukudla okuqinile ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-6 noma ukugwema ukudla okubangela i-allergies ngonyaka wokuqala kungase kukhulise ingozi ye-allergy. Isikhathi nendlela yokungenisa kubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu kunokugwema.

Ukuxilongwa kanjani kwe-allergy yokudla?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-allergies yokudla kuhilela ukuhlanganisa umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komzimba, kanye nezivivinyo ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqonda iphethini yezinkinga zakho nokuthi yimiphi ukudla okubonakala kubangela zona.

Inqubo yokuxilonga iqala ngokuxoxisana ngemininingwane mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzokubuzisa ngesikhathi sezinkinga, ukudla okuthile okuhilelekile, ubukhulu bezimpawu, nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okuye wakusebenzisa. Ulwazi lolu lusiza ukuqondisa ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• Izivivinyo zokubeka i-prick esikhunwini: Inani elincane le-extracts yokudla libekwa esikhunwini sakho ukuhlola izinkinga
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Linganisa ama-antibodies e-IgE athile ekudleni okuthile
• Ukudla okuqediwe: Ukususa ukudla okungathí sina ekuphileni kwakho ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini
• Izinselele zokudla: Ukudla inani elincane lokudla okungathí sina ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha

Alikho ivivivino elilodwa elingaxilonga ngokuqinisekile i-allergies yokudla. Udokotela wakho uzohumusha imiphumela yezivivinyo kanye nezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okuchaneka.

Ukuqonda imiphumela yezivivinyo

Izivivinyo ze-allergy ezitholakala azisho njalo ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga ngalokho kudla. Abanye abantu banezivivinyo ezitholakala kodwa bangadla ukudla ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izivivinyo ezingekho zitholakala azikupheli i-allergies yokudla.

Izinselele zokudla zibhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingacaci. Ngesikhathi senselele yokudla, uzodla inani elikhulayo kancane kancane lokudla okungathí sina ngenkathi uqapha izinkinga. Lo mvivinyo uhlale wenziwa endaweni yezokwelapha lapho kunokwelashwa okuphaphandwe khona.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-allergy yokudla?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-allergies yokudla ukugwema ukudla okubangela izinkinga. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kulula, kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwemibhalo yokudla, izithako, kanye nezingozi zokungcoliswa.

Okwamanje, ayikho imithi yokwelapha ukungezwani kokudla, kodwa kukhona izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni ukusabela uma kwenzeka. Ukwelapha okubaluleke kakhulu yi-epinephrine, engabuyekeza ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani futhi isindise impilo.

Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqeda: Ukususa ukudla okubangela ukungezwani ekudleni kwakho ngokuphelele
• Imithi yokuphuthuma: I-epinephrine auto-injectors yokusabela okukhulu
• Antihistamines: Ukusabela okuncane kuya kokuphakathi okuthinta isikhumba noma iphunga
• Corticosteroids: Kwesinye isikhathi isebenza ekusabela okuqhubekayo
• Bronchodilators: Ngezinhlungu zokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokusabela

Wonke umuntu onokungezwani kokudla kufanele abe neqembu lenqubo yesenzo lokuphuthuma. Lena iphini elilotshwe elicebisa izinto ezibangela ukungezwani kwakho, izimpawu okufanele uzilinde, nemiyalo yokwelapha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Ukuphathwa okusha

Kukhona izindlela eziningi ezintsha zokwelapha ezithuthukiswa ukusiza abantu abanekungezwani kokudla. I-oral immunotherapy ihilela ukudla izingxenye ezincane, ezikhulayo kancane kancane ze-allergen ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukwakha ukubambelela.

I-Epicutaneous immunotherapy isebenzisa ama-patches anezingxenye ezincane ze-allergens ezifakwe esi khunwini. Ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuthi le ndlela ingasiza abanye abantu ukuba bakhe ukubambelela ekudleni kwabo okubangela ukungezwani.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisazolwa futhi kufanele zizame kuphela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqinile. Zithwala ingozi yokusabela okukhulu futhi azifanele wonke umuntu.

Indlela yokuphatha ukungezwani kokudla ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukungezwani kokudla ekhaya kudinga ukwakha indawo ephephile nokukhula imikhuba emihle mayelana nokulungiselela nokugcina ukudla. Ikhishi lakho liba yilona lokuqala lokuvikela ekuvezweni okungahlosiwe.

Qala ngokuhlanza kahle ikhishi lakho bese ususa zonke izibiliboko ezina-allergens zakho. Funda wonke ama-lebheli ngokucophelela, njengoba i-allergens ingafihla ezindaweni ongazilindele. Ukudla okuningi okucutshungulwayo kwenziwa ezindaweni ezicubungula futhi i-allergens evamile.

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphatha ikhaya zihlanganisa:

• Ukufunda ama-lebheli: Hlola izithako kuwo wonke ukudla okupakishwe, njalo
• Ukuvimbela ukungcolisana okuhlanganisiwe: Sebenzisa izitsha ezihlukile, amabhodi okusika, nama-containers okugcina
• Ukulungiselela izingozi: Gcina ama-epinephrine auto-injectors afinyeleleka futhi angapheli isikhathi
• Imfundo yomndeni: Qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu endlini yakho uqonda i-allergies zakho
• Imithombo yokudla ephephile: Thola ama-brands nezihlinzeki ezinokwethenjwa zokudla okungenayo i-allergens

Uma upheka, hlala ugeza izandla zakho bese uhlanza izinkambu ngokucophelela phakathi kokulungiselela ukudla okuhlukene. Ngisho nezingxenye ezincane ze-allergens zingabangela ukusabela kubantu abanesizungu.

Ukuphatha izimo zenhlalo

Ukudla ngaphandle kwekhaya kudinga ukuhlela okwengeziwe nokuxhumana. Uma udla ngaphandle, khuluma ngokuqondile nabasebenzi berestoran mayelana ne-allergies zakho bese ubuza ngezithako nezindlela zokulungiselela.

Ngemihlangano yomphakathi, cabanga ukuthi ulethe ukudla kwakho okuvikelekile ukuhlanganyela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi unethile okudlayo ngesikhathi esifanayo uqalisa abanye ekudleni okuhle okungenayo i-allergens. Ungazizwa uhluphekile ngokuvikela ukuphepha kwakho.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nelenani lokuphatha elifanele. Ukulungiselela okuhle kwenza futhi ukuvakasha kube nomphumela futhi kungabi nomthwalo.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, dala idayari yemizimba eningiliziwe ehlanganisa okungenani amasonto amabili. Bhala konke okukudlayo, lapho ukudla khona, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo. Faka isikhathi, ubukhulu, nobude besabela.

Ulwazi okumele uqoke ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho:

• Isikhathi sezifo: Lapho izimpawu zaqala khona, indlela eziye zashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Idayari yokudla: Umbhalo ophelele wokudla okudliwe nezimo ezazihlangenwe nakho
• Umlando womndeni: Noma yimiphi izihlobo ezina-allergies, i-asthma, noma i-eczema
• Imithi yamanje: Yonke imithi yokwelapha, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: Lokho okuye wazama nokuthi kusebenze kangcono kangakanani

Letha wonke ama-resalithi okuhlolwa kokungazizwa noma amarekhodi ezempilo ahlobene nezimpawu zakho. Uma unezithombe zezinkinga zesikhumba, lezi zingasiza udokotela wakho azibone.

Lungisa uhlu lwemibuzo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi oludingayo. Imibuzo ebalulekile ingafaka ukubuza ngokudla okufanele kukhunjulwe, ukuthi ungazifunda kanjani izilebheli ngokuphumelelayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenzani uma udle ngephutha into oyizwa.

Buza futhi ngezinhlelo zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo, ukuthi nini kufanele usebenzise i-epinephrine, nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile kukusiza ukuthi uphathe ukungazizwa kwakho ngokuthembela okukhulu.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokungazizwa kokudla?

Ukungazizwa kokudla kuyizimo zezokwelapha ezinzima ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, kodwa akudingeki kuvimbele ikhono lakho lokuphila impilo egcwele, enenjabulo. Okubalulekile ukuqonda izinto ezikwenza ungazizwa futhi uthuthukise amasu aphephe ukugwema.

Ngokwazi okufanele nokulungiselela, abantu abaningi abanawo ukungazizwa kokudla bangadla ngokuphepha, bahambe ngokuthembela, futhi bahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi. Izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchaneka, ukufunda ukufunda izilebheli ngokucophelela, nokuhlale uthwala imithi yokuphuthuma.

Khumbula ukuthi ukungazizwa kokudla kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amanye ukungazizwa kwabantwana kungase kuphele, kuyilapho ukungazizwa okusha kungase kuqale ebuntwini. Ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho kuyasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha luhlala lusebenza futhi luphelele.

Uma ucindezela ukuthi une-allergy yokudla, ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okuhle kungavimbela izinkinga ezinzima futhi kukusize ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokungazizwa kokudla

Ingabe ukungazizwa kokudla kungase kuqale ngokuzumayo kubantu abadala?

Yebo, abantu abadala bangase baqale ukungazizwa kokudla okusha ngisho noma bedle lezo zinto ngokuphepha iminyaka eminingi. Ukungazizwa kwe-shellfish kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala, kuvame ukuvela eminyakeni engama-20 nama-30. Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi lokhu kwenzekani asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa kungase kuhlobene nezinguquko emisebenzini yesistimu yokuziphepha noma ukwanda kokubhekana nezinto ezikwenza ungazizwa.

Kuphephile yini ukudla ukudla okuqediwe ezindaweni ezisebenza futhi into oyizwayo?

Lokhu kuncike ezingeni lakho lokuzizwa nokuhlukahluka kwento oyizwayo. Izaziso ezithi “Zingase ziqukethe” zibonisa ingozi yokungcola okungenzeka, kodwa zizithandekayo futhi azilingani. Uma unokuzwa okukhulu, kuphephile ukugwema le mihlaba. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu abanawo ukungazizwa okuncane bangakhuthazelela inani elincane. Xoxa ngesimo sakho esithile nodokotela wakho we-allergist.

Ngingakwazi yini ukukhula ngokungazizwa kwami kokudla?

Amanye ukungazizwa kokudla kungase kuphele, ikakhulukazi ubisi, amaqanda, nokungazizwa kokudla okwenziwe nge-soy okuqala ebuntwaneni. Cishe u-80% wabantwana bakhula ngokungazizwa kokudla ubisi namaqanda eminyakeni engama-16. Noma kunjalo, ukungazizwa kwama-peanut, ama-tree nut, i-fish, ne-shellfish kunokwenzeka ukuthi kube impilo yonke. Udokotela wakho we-allergist angalandelela isimo sakho ngokuvivinya okuphindaphindiwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi awukabi nakho ukungazizwa kokudla.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokungazizwa kokudla nokungabekezeleli kokudla?

Ukungazizwa kokudla kuhilela uhlelo lwakho lokuphepha futhi kungabangela izinkinga ezinzima, ezingase zibe yingozi ekuphileni. Ukungabekezeleli kokudla kuhilela izinkinga zokugaya lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukucubungula ukudla okuthile ngokufanele, njengokungabekezeleli kwe-lactose. Izimpawu zokungabekezeleli kokudla zivame ukulinganiselwa ekuphazamisekeni kokugaya futhi azibi yingozi ekuphileni, yize zingase zibe nzima kakhulu.

Isikhathi esingakanani izinkinga zokungazizwa kokudla zivame ukuphela?

Izinkinga eziningi zokungazizwa kokudla ziqala ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kuya emahoreni amabili ngemva kokudla futhi zingaphela noma kuphi kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini eziningi. Izinkinga ezilula zivame ukuphela ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa, kuyilapho izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zingase zithathe isikhathi eside. Abanye abantu baba nezinkinga ezimbili, lapho izimpawu zibuyela khona emahoreni angu-4-12 ngemva kokuba isisombululo sokuqala sibonakala siphelile. Kungakho ukubukwa kwezokwelapha kwesinye isikhathi kunconywa ngemva kwezinkinga ezinzima.