Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqunjelwa ukudla kwenzeka uma udle noma uphuze into enesifo esibi, amavirus, noma izinto eziyingozi. Umuthi wakho uyaphendula ngokuzama ukususa laba bagijimi abangafuneki, okubangela izimpawu ezingathandeki ozibona.

Imikhakha eminingi iphela yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngokuphumula okuhle nokuhlanza. Nakuba kuzwakala kubi uma uqhubeka nakho, ukuqunjelwa ukudla ngokuvamile akubi kubantu abadala abaphilile nabantwana.

Yini Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ukuqunjelwa ukudla yindlela yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ekuqaleni ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolile. Cabanga ngakho njengendlela yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ekuqaleni ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla ukudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolile.

Igama lesayensi elithi "ukugula okudliwayo," kodwa abantu abaningi bakubiza nje ngokuthi ukuqunjelwa ukudla. Kwenzeka uma amabhaktheriya afana ne-Salmonella noma i-E. coli, amavirus, izinambuzane, noma izinto eziyingozi zifika ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ngokudla noma okuphuzayo.

Umuthi wakho uqaphela laba bagijimi njengezingozi futhi uyaphendula ngokuzama ukuwabulala ngokushesha. Le nqubo yemvelo, nakuba ingathandeki, empeleni umzimba wakho uqobo wenza lokho okufanele ukukhulise ukukhuselwa kwakho ekulimala okwengeziwe.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Izimpawu zokuqunjelwa ukudla ngokuvamile ziqala emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla okungcolile, nakuba zingabonakala noma kuphi kusukela emaminithini angu-30 kuya ezinsukwini eziningi kamuva. Isikhathi siyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo esibangela ukugula kwakho nokuthi udle kangakanani.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukuhlanza (ngezinye izikhathi igazi)
• Ubuhlungu besisu nobuhlungu besisu
• Ukuqina nomkhuhlane
• Isihloko
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla

Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zimpawu kunokuba kube yiyona kuphela. Ubunzima bungaba ukungakhululeki okuncane kuya ezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezikugcina eduze kwegumbi lokugezela usuku noma amabili.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izinhlobo ezithile zokuqunjelwa ukudla zingabangela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. I-Botulism, nakuba ingavamile kakhulu, ingabangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ubunzima bokuginya, nezingqinamba zombono. Amanye ama-E. coli asulelelayo angabangela izinkinga ezinzima zokugaya, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancane nabantu abadala.

Yini Ebangela Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ukuqunjelwa ukudla kwenzeka uma izilwanyana ezinobunzima noma izinto eziyingozi zingacolisa ukudla kwakho kunoma yiliphi iphuzu kusukela efama kuya etafuleni. Laba bavakashi abangafuneki bangakhula ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, benza ukudla okuhle kube yimithombo yokugula.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuqunjelwa ukudla zihlanganisa:

• Amabhaktheriya afana ne-Salmonella, i-E. coli, ne-Campylobacter
• Amavirus afana ne-norovirus ne-hepatitis A
• Izilwanyana ezinobunzima ezihlanganisa i-Giardia ne-Cryptosporidium
• Izinto eziyingozi zamabhaktheriya ezivela ku-Staphylococcus aureus noma i-Clostridium botulinum
• Izinto ezingcolile zekhemikhali ezivela ezimpahla zokuhlanza noma ezihlanzayo

Ukungcola kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kokudla, ukucubungula, ukuphatha, noma ukugcina. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ekhishini lakho ngokungcola okungcolile noma ukushisa okungalungile kokupheka.

Ukudla okuthile kunokuba nezingozi eziningi. Inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle, imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekwanga, amaqanda aluhlaza, nemifino nemifino engageziwe inezinselele eziphezulu. Ngisho nokudla okubonakala kuphephile kungaba nezingozi uma kuye kwashiywa ezingeni lokushisa isikhathi eside.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Imikhakha eminingi yokuqunjelwa ukudla iphela yodwa ngokuphumula nokudla okuningi. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezithile zixwayisa ukuthi kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kunokulinda ekhaya.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezinkulu:

• Ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (38.9°C)
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinkulu njengokukhungatheka, umlomo owomile, noma ukungaphuzi amanzi
• Igazi ekugabheni noma emathunjini
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo okungavumeli ukugcina izinto eziphuzwayo
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma ukukhathazeka
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinkulu njengokukhungatheka noma ubuthakathaka
• Izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside kunamazinsuku ambalwa

Abantu abathile kufanele baqaphele kakhulu futhi bacabange ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantwana abancane abangaphansi kwengu-5, abantu abadala abangaphezu kwengu-65, nabantu abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka banengozi enkulu yokuthi kube nezinkinga ezivela ekuqunjelweni ukudla.

Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho. Uma kukhona okuzwakala kubi kakhulu noma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlola nochwepheshe wezokwelapha kunokuthi uhlupheke ngaphandle kwesidingo.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Nakuba noma ubani angathola ukuqunjelwa ukudla, izinto ezithile zenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokugula okudliwayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele kuwe nakuzihlobo zakho.

Abantu abasezingozini eziphezulu bahlanganisa:

• Abantwana abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe
• Abantu abanesistimu yokuzikhusela ebuthakathaka
• Abantu abanezimo ezingapheli njengoshukela, isifo sokwelapha, noma isifo sokugaya
• Labo abasebenzisa imithi ecindezela isimiso sokuvikela

Imikhuba yakho yokudla nokukhetha kokudla nakho kuchaphazela amazinga akho engozi. Ukudla ukudla okungaphekwe kahle noma okungaphekwe kahle, ukudla ezindaweni ezinemikhuba yokuphepha kokudla okungathandeki, noma ukungalandi imiyalo efanele yokugcina ukudla kukhuphula amathuba okuthi ugula.

Ukuhamba kungakhuphula futhi ubungozi bakho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemigomo ehlukile yokuhlanzeka. Isistimu yakho yokugaya ingase ingajwayele amabhaktheriya endawo angabaphathi abantu bendawo kodwa angabangela ukugula kubavakashi.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingenzeka Zokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Abantu abaningi bayaphila ekuqunjelweni ukudla ngaphandle kokuthi kube nemiphumela ehlala njalo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka kube nezinkinga. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abanezinto ezingozi eziphezulu, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungachaphazela nabantu abaphilile.

Izingozi ezingenzeka okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni okudinga ukungena esibhedlela
• Izinkinga zokugaya, ikakhulukazi ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-E. coli
• I-arthritis esabela ekuchaphazeleni izintambo
• I-Irritable bowel syndrome evela ngemuva kokuthi uphulukile
• Ukutheleleka kwegazi ezimweni ezingavamile
• Izinkinga zezinzwa ezivela ezintweni ezithile eziyingozi

Ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni yingxenyekazi evamile, ikakhulukazi uma ukugabha nokuhlanza kuqhubeka izinsuku eziningi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa amanzi kanye nama-electrolytes ngokushesha kunalokho ongakwazi ukuwabuyekeza.

Ezinye izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa i-hemolytic uremic syndrome evela ezintweni ezithile ze-E. coli, ezingabangela ukwehluleka kokugaya. Ukutheleleka kwe-Listeria ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umntwana noma ukugula okukhulu kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa. I-Botulism, nakuba ingavamile kakhulu, ingabangela ukuqina okubulalayo.

Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imikhakha eminingi yokuqunjelwa ukudla iyavikeleka ngokuphelele ngemikhuba efanele yokuphepha kokudla. Imikhuba elula yokuthi uthenge, ugcine, ulungiselele, futhi ukhonze ukudla inganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bakho bokuthi ugula.

Nazi izindlela eziyisihluthulelo zokuvimbela ezisebenza ngempela:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphatha ukudla
• Pheka ukudla kuze kube yizinga lokushisa elihle
• Gcina ukudla okonakala kalula esiqandisini emahoreni angu-2
• Gwema ukungcola ngokusebenzisa amabhodi okusika ahlukene enyama eluhlaza nokudla okunye
• Ungadli amaqanda aluhlaza, inyama, noma ukudla kolwandle
• Geza imifino nemifino kahle ngaphambi kokudla
• Khetha imikhiqizo yobisi nejusi ebilisiwe
• Qaphela izinsalela futhi ungazigcini isikhathi eside kakhulu

Uma uthenga, gcina ukudla okubandayo kubandayo futhi ufake esiqandisini ngokushesha. Hlola izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi gwema ukudla okupakishwe okonakele okungenzeka ukuthi kuye kwavumela ukungcola.

Ezindaweni zokudlela, khetha izindawo ezibonakala zihlanzekile futhi zinegama elihle lokuphepha kokudla. Uma kukhona okubonakala, kunuka, noma kunambitheka okungalungile, ungakudli. Ikhala lakho nokunambitheka kuyizinhlelo ezinhle zokuqala zokuxwayisa.

Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Abanakekeli bezempilo abaningi bangakwazi ukuxilonga ukuqunjelwa ukudla ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nendaba yakho yakamuva yokudla. Bayokuhlanganisa imibuzo eminingi mayelana nalokho okudlile, lapho izimpawu zaqala khona, nokuthi zinzima kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho uzothanda ukwazi ngokudla okudlile ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokugula. Lesi sikhathi sisiza ekutholeni umthombo nehlobo lokungcola okuhlangane nalo.

Ezimeni eziningi, azikho izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ngoba ukuxilongwa kucace ezimpawu zakho nendaba yakho yokudla. Kodwa-ke, uma ugula kakhulu noma izimpawu ziqhubeka, udokotela wakho angase ayalele izivivinyo zelebhu.

Lezi zivivinyo zingase zihlanganise amasampula emathunjini ukuze athole amabhaktheriya athile, amavirus, noma izilwanyana ezinobunzima. Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zibuyekeze izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukutheleleka. Ezimeni ezingavamile ezihlanganisa ukungabaza i-botulism noma ezinye izimo ezinzima, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kungase kudingeke.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ukuphathwa kokuqunjelwa ukudla kugxile ekusizeni umzimba wakho ukuthi uphulukise ngenkathi uphatha izimpawu futhi uvikele ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni. Imikhakha eminingi ayidingi imithi yokwelapha futhi iphulukana nokukhathalela okuhle ekhaya.

Izindlela eziyisihluthulelo zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula nokuvumela isimiso sakho sokugaya siphulukise
• Ukuhlanza amanzi nama-electrolytes alahlekile
• Ukuqala kabusha ukudla okumnandi njengoba kukhuthazwa
• Ukuphatha izimpawu njengokuphefumula nobuhlungu
• Ukuqapha izimpawu zezingozi

Ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile awawusizi ekuqunjelweni ukudla futhi ngezinye izikhathi angenza izinhlobo ezithile zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzoawabhala kuphela ezimweni ezithile, njengokutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya okukhulu noma uma usezingozini eziphezulu zezingozi.

Kubantu abaningi, ukugula kuqhubeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto. Ukuzivikela kwemvelo komzimba wakho kwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuqedeni ukutheleleka nokuphulukisa ukugula.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa ukudla kusho ukunika umzimba wakho lokho okudingayo ukuze uphulukise ngenkathi uhlala ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Okubalulekile ukusekela ukuphulukisa kwakho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inqubo yemvelo yokwelapha yomzimba wakho.

Gxilisa ekuhlanzeni ngokuphuza amanzi amancane okuhlanzekile njalo. Amanzi, ama-broths acacile, kanye nezixazululo ze-electrolyte zisebenza kahle. Gwema inani elikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungase kubangele ukugabha okwengeziwe.

Uma uzizwa ulungele ukudla, qala ngokudla okumnandi, okulula ukukugaya. Ukudla kwe-BRAT (amabhanana, irayisi, i-applesauce, i-toast) kuyathandeka esiswini sakho. Engeza ukudla okunye okumnandi njengoba uzizwa ukhulu.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphulukiseni. Umuthi wakho usebenzisa amandla amakhulu elwa nokutheleleka, ngakho ungaziphoqi ukuba uqhubeke nemisebenzi evamile. Thatha isikhathi emsebenzini noma esikoleni uma kudingeka.

Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunemafutha, utshwala, nekhafeini kuze kube yilapho uphulukile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungakucasula isimiso sakho sokugaya esivele sibuhlungu futhi kungenze izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kudoketela kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphumelelayo futhi ungakhohlwa imininingwane ebalulekile ngokugula kwakho. Ukuba nolwazi oluhleliwe kusengaphambili kwenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe yiyona ephumelelayo kuwe nakudoketela wakho.

Bhala phansi konke okudlile nokukuphuzile ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale. Faka imininingwane efana nendawo lapho udle khona, ukudla okuthile okudlile, kanye nezinsuku ezingaba khona. Le diary yokudla iyasisiza ekutholeni umthombo.

Landelela izimpawu zakho kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini, zibuhlungu kangakanani, nokuthi ziphulukana noma zibe zimbi. Qaphela ukushisa kwakho uma ubuye ubukhombise, kanye nanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathe.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi yokwelapha eyenziwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kanye nezinye izinto. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingase zichaphazele indlela umzimba wakho ophatha ngayo ukutheleleka noma uhlangane nokwelashwa okungenzeka.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi ukuphulukisa kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, nini ongabuyela emisebenzini evamile, noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqapha ezingase zibonise izingozi.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyisihluthulelo Ngokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ukuqunjelwa ukudla kuyisifo esingathandeki kodwa esivame ukuba sesikhashana esiphulukana nasonke abantu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Nakuba kuzwakala kubi uma uhlangabezana nakho, impendulo yomzimba wakho empeleni iyisibonakaliso sokuthi isimiso sakho sokuvikela sisebenza kahle ukukhuselwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa ukulungisa amanzi nokupumula okuningi. Imikhakha eminingi ayidingi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuhle, nakuba kufanele ufuna usizo uma izimpawu zinzima noma uma useqenjini elisezingozini eziphezulu.

Ukuvimbela empeleni yiyona imithi engcono uma kuziwa ekuguleni okudliwayo. Imikhuba elula yokuphepha kokudla njengokupheka okuhle, ukuhlanzeka okuhle, nokugcina ukudla okuhle kungavimbela imikhakha eminingi yokuqunjelwa ukudla.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuqunjelwa ukudla akusho ukuthi awenzanga lutho olungalungile. Ngisho nabantu abaqaphelayo ngezinye izikhathi bangagula ekudleni okungcolile. Into ebalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani nokuthi nini kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma kudingeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokuqunjelwa Ukudla

Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Kuhlala Isikhathi Esingakanani?

Imikhakha eminingi yokuqunjelwa ukudla iphela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-7, nakuba lokhu kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lokungcola nempilo yakho yonke. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 zokuqala bese ziphulukana kancane kancane. Abanye abantu bazizwa bebuyele esimweni esijwayelekile emahoreni angu-24-48, kanti abanye bangase bahlangabezane nokukhathala okuhlala isikhathi eside kuze kube yisonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba ezinye izimpawu zinyamalale.

Ungathola Yini Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Ekudleni Okuphindwe Ukuphekwa?

Yebo, ukudla okuphindwe ukuphekwa kungabangela ukuqunjelwa ukudla uma kungagcinwanga kahle noma kuphekwe kabusha kuze kube yizinga lokushisa elihle. Amabhaktheriya angakhula ekudleni okuphekwe okushiywe ezingeni lokushisa isikhathi eside. Uma uphinda uphekile izinsalela, qiniseka ukuthi zifinyelela ku-165°F (74°C) yonke indawo. Phinda uphekile ukudla kanye kuphela, futhi uma kuye kwaba esiqandisini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3-4, kuphephile ukulilahla.

Ingabe Ukuqunjelwa Ukudla Kuyahambisana?

Ukuqunjelwa ukudla ngokwako akuhambisani, kodwa amanye amavirus namabhaktheriya abangela ukusabalala komuntu komunye. I-Norovirus, isibonelo, iyahambisana kakhulu futhi ingasabalala ngokuxhumana ngqo noma ngezinto ezingcolile. Ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela noma ngaphambi kokulungiselela ukudla. Hlala ekhaya emsebenzini noma esikoleni kuze kube yilapho ungenasimpawu okungenani amahora angu-24.

Kufanele Uthathe Yini Imithi Yokulwa Nokuhlakaza Ngokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Kuvame ukuba kungcono ukuvumela ukuhlanza kuqhubeke ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa ukudla ngoba yindlela yomzimba wakho yokususa amabhaktheriya nama-toxins ayingozi. Imithi yokulwa nokugabha ngezinye izikhathi ingagcina lezi toxins esistimu yakho isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlanza kunzima futhi kubangela ukushona kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane. Hlala ubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha le miyekezo ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa ukudla.

Nini Ongadlela Ngokuvamile Ngemuva Kokuqunjelwa Ukudla?

Ungabuyela kancane kancane ekudleni kwakho okuvamile uma ungenasimpawu amahora angu-24-48 futhi uzizwa ulungele ukudla okuvamile. Qala ngokuthi ufake ukudla okumnandi njenge-crackers, i-pasta elula, noma amaprotheni alula. Gwema ukudla okunoshukela, okunemafutha, noma okune-dairy izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe njengoba isimiso sakho sokugaya siphulukana ngokuphelele. Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungaphuthumi inqubo. Uma ukudla okuthile kubangela ukungakhululeki, linda isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokulizama futhi.