Ukuthini i-Frontotemporal Dementia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) iyinhlangano yezifo zobuchopho eziqala ngokuthinta ama-lobe angaphambili nama-temporal ebuchopho bakho. Lezi yizinda eziphethe ubuntu, ukuziphatha, ulimi, nokuthatha izinqumo. Ngokungafani ne-Alzheimer's disease, eqala ngokuthinta ikhono lokukhumbula, i-FTD ivame ukushintsha indlela oziphatha ngayo, okhuluma ngayo, noma uhlangana ngayo nabanye ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga zokukhumbula ziqale ukubonakala.

Leli simo liqala ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-65, okwenza kube omunye wemibangela evamile ye-dementia kubantu abadala abasebancane. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kungakusiza wena nabathandekayo bakho ukuthi niqhubeke nale ndlela ngokucacile nangokusekelwa okukhulu.

Zithini izimpawu ze-frontotemporal dementia?

Izimpawu ze-FTD zihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isigaba sobuchopho bakho esithinteka kuqala. Ungase uqaphele izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ekuphenduleni, noma ekuhambeni okuvela njengokungavamile noma okukhathazayo.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile zivame ukubandakanya izinguquko ebuntwini nakuziphatha ezingase zibe nzima ekuqaleni kodwa kancane kancane zibe nzima kakhulu. Nazi izigaba ezinkulu zezimpawu okufanele uzikwazi:

Izingoqo zokuziphatha nobuntu zivame ukubandakanya:

• Ukulahlekelwa uzwela noma ukuqonda komphakathi
• Ukuziphatha okungafanele komphakathi noma amazwana
• Ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile njengokwenza izinto eziphindaphindwayo noma imikhuba
• Isigwebo esibi nokuthatha izinqumo
• Ukulahlekelwa intshiseko noma isinqumo
• Izingoqo zokudla noma ukukhetha ukudla
• Ukuqina okwandayo noma ukuthatha ubungozi

Ubunzima bolimi bungabonakala njengalokhu:

• Ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele
• Ukukhuluma kancane noma ukuba thulile
• Ubunzima bokuqonda imisho enzima
• Izinkinga nge-grammar noma ukwakhiwa kwemisho
• Amaphethini okukhuluma aqhubekayo

Izimpawu ezihlobene nokuhamba zingafaka:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ubunzima
• Ubunzima bokuginya
• Izinkinga zokuxhumanisa
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuhamba okungakhethiwe

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Okwenza i-FTD ibe inselele ngokukhethekile ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zingadideka nokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuguga okuvamile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-frontotemporal dementia?

I-FTD ihlanganisa izifo eziningi ezahlukene, ngayinye ithonya izici ezahlukene zokusebenza kobuchopho. Ukuqonda le mihlobo kungasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani izimpawu zihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

I-Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) uhlobo oluvamile kunazo zonke, oluthonya ubuntu nokuziphatha kuqala. Ungase uqaphele ukushintsha okukhulu ekuziphatheni komphakathi, izimpendulo zomzwelo, noma imikhuba yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu. Lo mkhuba uvamise ukuthonya i-lobe yangaphambili, elawula imisebenzi yokuphatha kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi.

I-Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) ithonya ikakhulu amakhono olulimi. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-semantic variant PPA, ethinta incazelo yegama nokuqonda, ne-nonfluent variant PPA, okwenza ukukhuluma kube nzima futhi kuqhekeke.

Izifo zokunyakaza ezihlobene ne-FTD zihlanganisa i-progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) ne-corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Lezi zimo zihlanganisa ukushintsha kokucinga nezingqinamba ezinkulu zokunyakaza njengokungalingani, ubunzima bemisipha, noma ubunzima bokuxhumanisa.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukuxuba kwale mihlobo, futhi izimpawu zingafana noma zishintshe njengoba isimo siqhubeka. Uhlobo lwakho oluthile lusiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi yini okufanele bayilindele nokuthi bangayihlela kanjani ukunakekelwa kwakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Yini ebangela i-frontotemporal dementia?

I-FTD kwenzeka lapho amaseli ezinzwa ezingxenyeni ze-frontal ne-temporal zobuchopho bakho ephukile futhi efa. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-neurodegeneration, iphazamisa ukuxhumana okujwayelekile phakathi kwamaseli ebuchopho futhi iholele ezimpahleni ozibhekana nazo.

Imbangela ejulile ihilela ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwamapuroteni emaseleni ebuchopho. Amaprotheni avamile ahilelekile yi-tau, i-FUS, ne-TDP-43. La maprotheni avame ukusiza amaseli ukuba asebenze kahle, kodwa ku-FTD, ahlanganiswa ngokungalungile futhi aqoqana, ekugcineni abhubhise futhi abulale amaseli ebuchopho.

Izici ze-genetic zidlalela indima ebalulekile ezimweni eziningi:

• Cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abane-FTD banomlando womndeni wesimo
• Ama-jini athile ahlanganiswe ne-FTD, kuhlanganise i-C9orf72, i-MAPT, ne-GRN
• Uma unomzali onale-FTD ye-genetic, unethuba elingu-50% lokudlulisela i-mutation
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kuyatholakala kodwa kudinga ukwelulekwa ngokucophelela

Ezimweni ezingenazo izimbangela ezicacile ze-genetic, abacwaningi bahlola:

• Izici ze-environmental ezingase zibangele izinkinga zamaprotheni
• Ukushintsha okuhlobene nobudala ekucubunguleni kwamapurotheni
• Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-variants eziningi ze-genetic
• Ukuxhumana okungenzeka nokulimala kwekhanda noma ezinye izikhathi zokulimala kobuchopho

Okwamanje, eziningi zezimo ze-FTD azinaimbangela eyodwa ebonakalayo. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokucwaninga ukuthi i-genetics, i-environment, nobudala basebenzisana kanjani ukuqalisa lesi simo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa ye-frontotemporal dementia?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela ukushintsha okuqhubekayo ebuntwini, ekuziphatheni, noma lolwimi okuhlupha impilo yansuku zonke. Ukubheka kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ngoba ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kungakusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele nezinsizakalo zokusekela.

Xhumana udokotela wakho uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ehlangabezana nezinguquko ezinkulu ekuziphatheni komphakathi, njengokulahleka kwelusizi, amazwi angafaneleki, noma ukuhoxa ebuhlotsheni. Lezi zinguquko zokuziphatha zivame ukuba yizimpawu zokuqala ze-FTD futhi akufanele zidedelwe njengokuguga okuvamile noma ukucindezeleka.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo, izinguquko ezikhulu zobuntu
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda ulimi
• Izinkinga ezinkulu nokuqondana noma ukuhamba
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukuphefumula
• Imicabango yokulimaza uqobo noma ukulimaza abanye

Ungalindi uma izinkinga zolimi ziqala ukuba zimbi kakhulu noma uma ubunzima bokuhamba bukhula ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuqhubeka kwe-FTD noma ezinye izimo ezinkulu ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Khumbula ukuthi izimo eziningi zingafana nezimpawu ze-FTD, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka, izinkinga zesitho se-thyroid, noma imiphumela yemithi. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha kungasiza ekutholeni izimbangela ezilawuleka futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Iyini imikhakha yokusongela ye-frontotemporal dementia?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwe-FTD, yize ukuba nemikhakha yokusongela akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile lesimo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi ngokuqapha nokuvimbela.

Imikhakha yokusongela ebaluleke kakhulu ifaka:

• Umlando womndeni we-FTD noma izifo ezihlobene ne-neurodegenerative
• Iminyaka phakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-65
• Ukuphatha ukuguqulwa okuthile kwe-genetic
• Ukuba nomuntu omkhulu womndeni onezinguquko ezingavamile zokuziphatha noma ulimi

Imikhakha yokusongela engavamile kodwa engenzeka ingafaka:

• Umlando wokulimalala kwekhanda okukhulu
• Izimo ezithile ze-autoimmune
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi emvelo
• Ezinye izimo ze-neurological emndenini

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia, i-FTD ayibonakali ihlobene kakhulu nezici ezingozi ze-cardiovascular njengengcindezi yegazi ephakeme noma i-diabetes. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina impilo yonke yengqondo ngokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okuhle, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi kungenza kube nezinzuzo ezithile zokuvikela.

Uma unomlando omkhulu womndeni we-FTD, ukwelulekwa ngokuzalwa kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho nezinketho zakho. Lo mkhuba uhilela ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela komlando womndeni wakho nokuxoxa ngezinzuzo nemingcele yokuhlolwa kwe-genetic.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-frontotemporal dementia?

I-FTD ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene njengoba isimo siqhubeka, ithonya impilo yomzimba kanye nekwalithi yokuphila. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukulungiselela nokufuna ukwesekwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Njengoba i-FTD iqhubeka, ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kuba nzima kakhulu. Ungase ube nezinkinga zokunakekela komuntu siqu, ukuphatha izimali, noma ukugcina ubuhlobo. Lezi zinguquko zingaba nzima kakhulu ngoba zivame ukuvela ngesikhathi impilo yomzimba isalungile.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubunzima bokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu nokunakekela kwakho
• Izinkinga zokuphatha izimali noma ukuthatha izinqumo ezibalulekile
• Ukuzihlukanisa komphakathi ngenxa yezinguquko zokuziphatha
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yengozi noma ukulimala
• Izinkinga zokudla ngenxa yobunzima bokudla
• Ukuhlupheka kokulala nokuthula

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zingase zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ubunzima bokuginya obuholela ku-aspiration pneumonia
• Izinkinga ezinzima zokunyakaza nokuwa
• Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kokukhuluma nokuxhumana
• Ukungenakukwazi ukuqaphela amalungu omndeni
• Isidingo sokusiza ngokunakekela isikhathi esigcwele

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya:

• Izimpawu ezinzima zezengqondo ezidinga ukungena esibhedlela
• Ukutheleleka okusongela impilo okuvela ekungazinakekeli kahle
• Izenzo eziyingozi ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kokusebenza kwemisipha

Isikhathi sokukhula sihluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinguquko ezihamba phambili eminyakeni embalwa, kanti abanye bagcina amakhono athile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungasiza ekulawuleni izinkinga futhi kugcine ikhwalithi yokuphila isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-frontotemporal dementia?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela ebonakaliswe yokuvimbela i-FTD, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezihambisana nezinguquko ze-genetic. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina impilo yonke yengqondo kungasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yakho noma ukulibazisa ukuqala kwezimpawu.

Njengoba izimo eziningi ze-FTD zinezizathu ze-genetic, ukuvimbela kugxila kakhulu ekutholeni kwasekuqaleni nasezindleleni zokunciphisa ingozi. Uma unemlando womndeni we-FTD, ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic kungakusiza ukuqonda izinketho zakho futhi wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini mayelana nokulandelela.

Izindlela zokugcina impilo yonke yengqondo ezingaba usizo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni
• Ukuhileleka emisebenzini ekhuthazayo ngokwengqondo
• Ukugcina ubuhlobo obuqinile bomphakathi
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunomafutha e-omega-3
• Ukuthola ubuthongo obunempilo nokuphatha ukucindezeleka
• Ukugwema utshwala ngokweqile nokungaqheli

Kwabantu abanezingozi ze-genetic:

• Cabanga ngokwelulekwa kwe-genetic nokucinga
• Hlanganyela eziphisweni zocwaningo uma zitholakala
• Gcina ukulandelela njalo kwezengqondo
• Hlala unolwazi mayelana nokuphathwa okusha

Nakuba lezi zindlela zingalisekeli ukuvimbela, ziwusizo empilweni yengqondo jikelele futhi zingakusiza ukuba ugcine ukusebenza kwengqondo isikhathi eside. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka oluphenya izindlela zokuvimbela, kufaka phakathi imithi engase ihambise ukubuthana kwamapuroteni ebuchosheni.

I-frontotemporal dementia ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-FTD kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngochwepheshe, njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa olulodwa olukhona ukubona ngokuqinisekile isimo. Inqubo ivame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze kuqaleke ezinye izimbangela futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba, egxila ekuqaleni kwezimpawu nokuthi ziye zaqhubeka kanjani. Bazofuna futhi ukwazi ngomlando womndeni we-dementia noma izimo zengqondo.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ivame ukubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwengqondo
• Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwengqondo nokuziphatha
• Izifundo zokubonisa ubuchopho (i-MRI noma i-CT scans)
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuze kuqaleke ezinye izimo
• Ngesinye isikhathi ukuchoboza kwesundu (ukuthunga kwesundu) ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okukhethekile

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kungabandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuze kuhlolwe imisebenzi ethile yengqondo
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhuluma nolimi
• I-PET scans ukuhlola ukusebenza kwengqondo
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic uma umlando womndeni usikisela i-FTD elidluliselwa ngezizukulwane

Amathuluzi okuxilongwa athuthukile aqalwa afaka:

• Amathuluzi okubonisa ubuchopho akhethekile
• Izivivinyo zegazi zamaprotheni athile
• Izifundo zokunyakaza kwamehlo
• Amaphaneli e-genetic athuthukile

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ingathatha izinyanga eziningi futhi ingadinga ukuvakashela ochwepheshe abaningi. Le ndlela ephelele ikusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okuchane kanye nohlelo lokwelapha olufanele. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile kuyaqala kuphela njengoba izimpawu ziqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuphathwa kwe-frontotemporal dementia kuyini?

Nakuba kungekho ukwelapha i-FTD, izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Indlela igxile ekuqondeni izimpawu ezithile ngenkathi inikeza ukwesekwa kokubili kubantu abagulayo nemindeni.

Izinhlelo zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nezidingo zakho. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo cishe lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe bezifo zezinzwa, odokotela bezengqondo, ochwepheshe bokukhuluma, nabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle abasebenza ndawonye ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuphelele.

Imithi ingasiza ngezimpawu ezithile:

• Imithi yokulwa nokucindezeleka ukuze kusebenze ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo nokuziphatha okuphoqelekile
• Imithi yokulwa ne-psychotic ukuze kusebenze izinkinga zokuziphatha ezinzima
• Imithi yokulala ukuze kusebenze ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Imithi yokupumula imisipha ukuze kusebenze izimpawu ezihlobene nokuhamba

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingelona imithi zidlalela indima ebalulekile:

• Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma ukuze kugcinwe amakhono okukhulumisana
• Ukwelashwa komzimba ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhamba nokunciphisa ukuwa
• Ukwelashwa komsebenzi ukuze kulungiswe imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Izindlela zokwelapha eziphathelene nokuziphatha ukuze kulawulwe ukuziphatha okuyinselele
• Ukwelashwa ngomculo noma ubuciko ukuze kube khona ukubonakaliswa komzwelo

Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezifundwayo zihlanganisa:

• Imithi ehlose ukubutha kwamapuroteni athile
• Izindlela zokwelapha i-gene
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezilwa nokuvuvukala
• Izindlela zokwelapha ngamangqamuzana estem
• Izindlela zokukhuthaza ubuchopho

Izivivinyo zeklinikhi zinika ukufinyelela ekwelapheni okuvivinywayo futhi zinikeza isandla ekukhuleni kocwaningo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza unqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezikhona ezingase zifanele isimo sakho.

Imigomo yokwelapha igxile ekuqondeni ukuzimela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ukulawula ukuziphatha okuyinselele, nokusekela kokubili iziguli nabaphathi ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo.

Indlela yokuphatha i-frontotemporal dementia ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa kwasekhaya kwe-FTD kudinga ukwakha indawo ephephile, ehlelekile ngesikhathi kugcinwe isithunzi kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ikhona ukuqondanisa indlela yakho njengoba izimpawu zishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuqalisa amasiko emisiwe yansuku zonke kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukudideka nezingqinamba zokuziphatha. Zama ukugcina izikhathi eziqondile zokudla, imisebenzi, nokuphumula, njengoba ukubikezelwa kuvame ukuletha induduzo nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka.

Ukudala indawo yasekhaya esekelayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukususa izingozi ezingase zibe khona zokuphepha njengezikhwama eziqhwakele noma ukungcola
• Ukufaka ukukhanya okuhle kulo lonke ikhaya
• Ukusebenzisa amalebula alula, acacile ezintweni ezibalulekile
• Ukugcina izinto ezisetshenziswa njalo ezindaweni eziqondile
• Ukuqinisa izinto ezingase zibe yingozi njengezidakamizwa noma amathuluzi

Ukuphatha ukushintsha kokuziphatha kudinga isineke nokuqamba:

• Hlala uzolile futhi ugweme ukuphikisana noma ukulungisa njalo
• Qondanisa ukunakekela emisebenzini emnandi lapho kuvela izinkinga
• Gcina amasiko nama-indawo ajwayelekile uma kungenzeka
• Sebenzisa ukuxhumana okulula, okuqondile
• Nikeza imisebenzi efanelekile amakhono akhona

Ukusekela ukuxhumana njengoba ulimi lushintsha:

• Khuluma kancane futhi usebenzise amagama alula
• Nikeza umyalo owodwa ngesikhathi
• Sebenzisa izinkomba zobumodeli nezimpawu
• Hlala unesineke futhi uvumele isikhathi esengeziwe sezimpendulo
• Gxilisa ukunaka ezimotweni nasemizwelweni kunamaqiniso

Ukusekelwa kwabaphathi kubalulekile ekuphathweni okuphumelelayo kwasekhaya. Cabanga ngokujoyina amaqembu wokusekela, ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa okungapheli, nokugcina impilo yakho yomzimba nezingqondo kulo lohambo oluyinselele.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Ukulungiselela kahle izindiza zakho zokubona udokotela kungakusiza uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nezincomo zokwelashwa ezifanele. Ukulungiselela okuhle kuphinde kukusize uzizwe ukhulu futhi ungadiniwe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqokwa.

Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yiba ocacile mayelana nokuziphatha, izinkinga zolimi, noma ukuguquka komzimba, ngisho noma kubonakala kuncane noma kuyihlazo.

Letha ulwazi olubalulekile ekuqokweni kwakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemiyekezo nezinhlanganisela zamanje
• Umbhalo wezokwelapha womndeni, ikakhulukazi izimo zezinzwa
• Isikhathi sokukhula kwezimpawu
• Uhlu lwezinkathazo noma imibuzo ethile
• Ulwazi lokuxhumana lwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani onga:

• Ukuhlinzeka ngokuqaphela okwengeziwe mayelana nokuquguquka
• Ukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxiwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha
• Ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinzima
• Ukubuza imibuzo ongazi khumbula

Lungiselela imibuzo kusengaphambili, njengalezi:

• Ziyini izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa?
• Ziyini izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo?
• Izimpawu zingathuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Ziyiphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo zokusekela?
• Amalungu omndeni kufanele avivinywe?

Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma amagama ezokwelapha ekukhohlisa. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyiqonda ngokugcwele isimo sakho nezinketho zokwelashwa.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuwohloka kwengqondo kwangaphambili?

IFTD iwuchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuwohloka kwengqondo okubandakanya ikakhulu ukuziphatha, ulimi, nobuntu kunokukhumbula. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungaba ukwesaba, ukuqonda isimo kukwenza ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi nokufinyelela ekusekelweni okufanele.

Ukubona ngokushesha nokuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulungile nokuhlela ikusasa. Nakuba ayikho imithi yokwelapha okwamanje, izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekugcineni ikhwalithi yokuphila isikhathi eside.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Amaqembu ezempilo, amaqembu wokusekela, namalungu omndeni bangakunika usizo olukhulu nokusekela ngokomzwelo. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka luthuthuka, lunikeza ithemba lokuthola ukwelashwa okungcono futhi mhlawumbe nokwelapha ngokuphelele esikhathini esizayo.

Gxila ekugcineni ubuhlobo, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini enenjongo, nokunakekela impilo yakho yonke. Isipiliyoni ngasinye somuntu nge-FTD sihlukile, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka bethola injabulo nenjongo naphezu kwezinselele ezibekwa yileli simo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokugula kwengqondo kwe-frontotemporal

M1: Umuntu angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ene-frontotemporal dementia?

Ukuqhubeka kwe-FTD kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Ngokuvamile, abantu baphila iminyaka engu-7-13 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kodwa abanye bangaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kanti abanye bangase behluleke ngokushesha. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-FTD, impilo yonke, nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni okuhle konke kuchaphazela isikhathi sokuphila. Gxila ekhwalithi yokuphila nasekwenzeni okuningi ngesikhathi onaso.

M2: Ingabe i-frontotemporal dementia iyadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni?

Cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ezikhathi ze-FTD anamahloni okufana, okusho ukuthi isimo lingadluliselwa emindenini. Uma umzali enesifo se-FTD esidluliselwa ngezakhiwo, umntwana ngamunye unethuba elingu-50% lokudluliselwa i-gene mutation. Noma kunjalo, ukuba ne-gene akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzophulaphula i-FTD, futhi izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle komlando womndeni. Ukuqondisa ngezakhiwo kungakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho.

M3: Ingabe i-frontotemporal dementia ingadideka nezinye izimo?

Yebo, i-FTD ivame ukuxilongwa kungalungile ekuqaleni ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zingafana nokucindezeleka, isifo se-bipolar, noma ngisho nezinguquko eziqondene nokuthomba kweminyaka. Izinguquko zokuziphatha nobuntu ezivamile ze-FTD zingaphambukiswa njengezimo zezengqondo, kuyilapho izinkinga zolwimi zingase zibukeke njengezinkinga ezihlobene nokucindezeleka ekuqaleni. Kungakho ukuhlolwa okuphelele ochwepheshe kubaluleke kangaka.

Q4: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-frontotemporal dementia ne-Alzheimer's disease?

I-FTD ngokuvamile ithinta ukuziphatha, ubuntu, nolwimi kuqala, kuyilapho ikhono lokukhumbula lihlala liphelele ekuqaleni. I-Alzheimer's disease ikakhulukazi ithinta ikhono lokukhumbula nokufunda ezigabeni zokuqala. I-FTD futhi ivame ukuthuthuka eminyakeni ebancane (40-65) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Alzheimer's (ngokuvamile ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65). Izindawo zobuchopho ezihlobene nezinkinga zeprotheni eziyisisekelo zihluke futhi phakathi kwalezi zimo.

Q5: Ingabe kunezinqubo zokwelapha ezilingayo ezitholakalayo ze-FTD?

Izindlela eziningi ezithembisayo zokwelapha zivivinywa ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi imithi ehlose ukubuthana kwezinto zeprotheni ebuchosheni, imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, nezindlela zokwelapha i-gene. Nakuba lezi zinqubo zokwelapha zisazolinga, ukuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha kungakunika ithuba lokuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ngenkathi uthuthukisa ucwaningo olungasiza iziguli zesikhathi esizayo. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezikhona okungenzeka zikufanele.