Ukuqina Komkhathi: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina komkhathi kwenzeka lapho isikhumba sakho namalungu angaphansi kwesikhumba eqaqa ngenxa yokubekwa emazingeni okubanda okukhulu. Kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokuvimba amalungu abalulekile ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezingalweni zakho, kodwa lokhu kungalimaza izindawo ezibuthakathaka.

Cabanga ngakho njengomzimba wakho owenza isinqumo esinzima ezimweni zokubanda okukhulu. Uma amazinga okushisa ewa phansi kakhulu, imithambo yegazi yakho icindezelwa ukuze igcine izingxenye eziphakathi zishisa, kodwa lokhu kushiya iminwe yakho, izinzwane, khala, neendlebe zibuthakathaka ekubandeni.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina komkhathi?

Izimpawu zokuqina komkhathi ziyahluka kuye ngokuthi ukwenzakala komkhathi kubukhulu kangakanani. Uma uqaphela lezi zimpawu ngokushesha, kungcono ukuzivikela nokufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Ake sihambe ngalokho ongakubona njengoba ukuqina komkhathi kuqhubeka, khumbula ukuthi izimpawu zingathuthuka ngokushesha ezimweni ezinzima:

• Izimpawu zokuqala zoxwayiso: Isikhumba siyabanda futhi siqala ukuthamba, bese siqala ukuba buthuntu futhi sibe bomvu
• Ukuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe: Isikhumba siphenduka bomvu obomvu, bese siphenduka mhlophe noma sibe bomvu, futhi sizizwa sishisa uma sithintwa
• Ukuqina komkhathi olukhulu: Isikhumba sibonakala siwumhlophe noma siwumhlophe oluhlaza, amabhishi angase enze ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24-48
• Ukuqina komkhathi okukhulu: Isikhumba siphenduka mhlophe noma oluhlaza oluhlaza, siqina futhi sibuthuntu, kulimaza amalungu angaphakathi
• Ukuqina komkhathi okujulile: Zonke izigaba zesikhumba ziyaqaqa, imisipha namathambo angase athintwe, isikhumba sibonakala siwumhlophe futhi sizizwa sinjengomthi

Ukuqhubeka kusuka ekuthambeni kuya ekuthuntwini kuyisixwayiso somzimba wakho esisebenza. Qaphela lezi zimpawu zokuqala, njengoba zikunika ithuba elihle lokunciphisa ukulimala okukhulu.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqina komkhathi?

Ochwepheshe bezempilo bahlukanisa ukuqina komkhathi ngezigaba ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi ukubanda kungene kangakanani emalungwini akho. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza ekutholeni indlela efanele yokwelapha.

Ukuqina komkhathi kwezinga lokuqala (frostnip) kulimaza kuphela ubuso besikhumba sakho. Isikhumba sakho siphenduka bomvu futhi sizizwa sibanda, silandelwa ubuthuntu nokuthamba. Lona uhlobo oluthambile futhi ngokuvamile alubangeli ukulimala okungapheli uma luphathwa kahle.

Ukuqina komkhathi kwezinga lesibili kuya kuya ezigabeni zesikhumba ezijulile. Uzobona ukuguquka kombala wesikhumba nokukhula, futhi amabhishi avame ukuvela emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-36 ngemuva kokushisa kabusha. Indawo ethintekile ingase izizwe ishisa futhi ihlunguluze ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa.

Ukuqina komkhathi kwezinga lesithathu nelesine kubonisa izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Izinga lesithathu lilimaza zonke izigaba zesikhumba namalungu angaphansi, kuyilapho izinga lesine lifika emisipha nasemathanjeni. Lezi zimo ezinzima zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi zingase zibangele ukulimala okungapheli noma zidinga ukususa ilungu.

Yini ebangela ukuqina komkhathi?

Ukuqina komkhathi kwenzeka lapho amazinga okushisa esikhumba sakho ewa phansi ku-32°F (0°C), kubangela ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqanda emalungwini akho. Le nqubo yonakalisa amangqamuzana futhi inciphise ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni ethintekile.

Izici eziningana zisebenza ndawonye ukudala isimo esifanele sokuqina komkhathi:

• Ukubanda okukhulu: Amazinga okushisa emoyeni angaphansi ku-5°F (-15°C), ikakhulukazi ngomoya opholile
• Isimo samanzi: Ukufuma esikhumbeni kusheshisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi kukhulise ingozi yokuqina
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu: Ukunciphisa i-oksijini namazinga okubanda aphezulu
• Ukuthinta ngqo: Ukuthinta insimbi eqandile, uqanda, noma izinto ezibanda kakhulu
• Izingubo ezinganele: Ukungabi khona kokufudumala okwanele noma izingubo ezingabi manzi

Umoya opholile udlala indima ebalulekile ngoba ususa izingxenye zomoya ofudumele eduze kwesikhumba sakho. Ngisho namazinga okubanda okulinganiselwe angaba yingozi uma ehlanganiswa nomoya oqinile.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqina komkhathi?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ucindezela noma yini ngaphezu kwe-frostnip ephansi. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo, njengoba ukwelashwa okulile kungase kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu.

Hamba e-emergency room ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Isikhumba esibonakala simhlophe, oluhlaza, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Izindawo ezihlala zibuthuntu ngemuva kokushisa kabusha kancane
• Amabhishi enza ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokubekwa emazingeni okubanda
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengoba ubanda, ukukhishwa, noma ukubomvu okuqhubekayo
• Isikhumba esizizwa siqine noma siwumhlophe ngokweqile

Ezimeni ezithambile, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24 ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Bangahlola ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe futhi balandelele izinkinga ezingase zenzeke.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuqina komkhathi okukhulu kungase kubangele i-compartment syndrome, lapho ukukhula kuqeda ukunikezwa kwegazi emisipha nasezinzwa. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esidinga ukusebenza ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukulimala okungapheli.

Ziyini izici ezikhulayo zokuqina komkhathi?

Isimo esithile nezimo zikwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukuqina komkhathi. Ukuqonda izici zakho siqu zengozi kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesikhathi sezulu elibanda.

Nazi izici ezingakhuphula ukubuthakathaka kwakho:

• Isimo sezempilo: I-Diabetes, isifo se-peripheral artery, noma izimo ezihlobene nokugeleza kwegazi
• Iminyaka ephakeme: Abantwana abancinyane kakhulu nabantu abadala banokulawulwa okungcono kokushisa
• Imithi: I-Beta-blockers, engase inciphise ukugeleza kwegazi ezingalweni
• Ukulimala komkhathi wangaphambili: Izindawo ezake zathinteka ngokuqina komkhathi zibuthakathaka kakhulu
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi noma ukukhathala: Lezi zimo zithinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokugcina ukushisa
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa: Lezi zinto zithinta ukwahlulela futhi zinciphisa ukuqaphela ukubanda

Abantu abangenazo izici zengozi bangase bathuthukise ukuqina komkhathi ezimweni ezinzima. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezici eziningi zengozi kusho ukuthi udinga ukuba oqaphile futhi ulungile uma ungena ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngokuqina komkhathi?

Ngenkathi ukuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe kuvame ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele ngenakekelwa efanele, izimo ezinkulu zingase zibangele izinkinga ezihlala njalo. Ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kangakanani.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ongahlangana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina komkhathi okwandayo: Izindawo ezithintekile zingase zibe nokuqina okukhulu emazingeni okubanda
• Ukutheleleka: Amalungu alimale ayingozi ekungeneni kwezibhaktheriya
• Ukonakala kwezinzwa: Ubuthuntu noma ukuzizwa okuhlukile okungase kuhlale isikhathi eside
• I-Arthritis: Izinkinga zamajoyinti zingase zithuthuke ezindaweni ezithintekile ngokuqina komkhathi okujulile
• Izinkinga zokukhula: Kubantwana, ukuqina komkhathi kungalimaza izigaba zokukhula emathanjeni

Ezimeni ezinkulu, i-gangrene ingase ithuthuke lapho amalungu efa ngenxa yokungabi khona kwegazi. Le nkinga enzima ngezinye izikhathi idinga ukususa iminwe, izinzwane, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngokungavamile, abantu bangase bathuthukise izifo ezibuhlungu ezihlala njalo noma i-complex regional pain syndrome ngemuva kokuqina komkhathi okukhulu. Lezi zimo zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi zidinga ukuphathwa okuqeqeshwe kobuhlungu.

Ukuqina komkhathi kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nokuqina komkhathi, futhi kulula kakhulu kunokuphatha ukwenzakala ngokwalo. Ukulungiselela okuhlakaniphile nokuqaphela kungakugcina uphephile ezimweni ezibandayo.

Iqhinga lakho lokuvimbela kufanele ligxile kulezi zindawo eziyinhloko:

• Gqoka ngezigaba: Gqoka izigaba zokufudumala ezingaphansi, izigaba eziphakathi ezivikela, nezigaba eziphezulu ezivikelayo emoyeni
• Vikele izingxenye zomzimba: Sebenzisa iziqhwaga ezifudumelayo, izokisi ezifudumelayo, nezibuto ezingangenisi amanzi
• Hlala wumile: Shintsha izingubo ezimanzi ngokushesha futhi ugweme izinto ezingaphansi
• Nciphisa isikhathi ngaphandle: Thatha amaqhekeza njalo ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezomile ngesikhathi sokuvezwa emazingeni okubanda
• Hlala unamanzi futhi uqine: Ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale ufudumile
• Gwema utshwala: Kuthinta ukwahlulela futhi kukhulise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa

Qaphela izimpawu zoxwayiso njengobuthuntu noma ukuthamba. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zikunika isikhathi sokuphulukisa ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ukulimala okukhulu.

Ukuqina komkhathi kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Abanakekeli bezempilo ngokuvamile bahlonzwa ukuqina komkhathi ngokuhlola indawo ethintekile nokuxoxa ngomlando wakho wokubekwa emazingeni okubanda. Ukubonakala komzimba nezimpawu zakho ngokuvamile kunikeza izibonakaliso ezicacile zokukhulu komkhathi.

Ngesikhathi sokulingwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzohlola izici eziningana. Bazobheka umbala wesikhumba, ukwakheka, nokushiseka, bahlole ukuzizwa nokuhamba endaweni ethintekile, futhi baqonde ukuthi ukwenzakala komkhathi kuya kuya ezingeni elingakanani.

Ezimeni ezinkulu, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke. I-X-rays ingase iveze ukulimala kwamathambo noma amajoyinti, kuyilapho ukubuka izithombe ezikhethekile njenge-bone scans kungase kusize ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwamalungu ekuqineni komkhathi okujulile.

Udokotela wakho uzophinde ahlole izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga. Bazohlola indawo ngamabhishi, bahlole ukugeleza kwegazi, futhi balandelele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi isimo siyasiba sibi.

Yini ukwelashwa kokuqina komkhathi?

Ukwelashwa kokuqina komkhathi kugxile ekuphulukiseni ngokuphepha amalungu athintekile nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe. Indlela iyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukwenzakala kwakho kukhulu kangakanani.

Ngokuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuphulukisa kabusha ngobumnene nokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokusiqondisa ngezindlela zokushisa kabusha ngokuphepha futhi alandelele intuthuko yakho eduze.

Nanku lokho ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okungase kuhlanganise:

• Ukwelashwa kokushisa kabusha: Ukufaka izindawo ezithintekile emanzini afudumele (angeyona amanzi ashisayo) imizuzu engu-15-30
• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu: Imithi yokulawula ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa kabusha
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka: Ama-antibiotics uma kunengozi yokutheleleka kwezibhaktheriya
• I-Tetanus shot: Ukugonywa okuvuselelwe uma okulwakho kungelona olukhona
• Ukunakekelwa kwezintsha: Ukugqoka nokubopha izindawo ezithintekile

Ukuqina komkhathi okukhulu kungase kudinge ukungena esibhedlela nokwelashwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenza ukuze kususwe amalungu alimale, i-hyperbaric oxygen therapy, noma imithi yokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho ukufa kwamalungu okukhulu kwenzeka, ukulungiswa kabusha noma ukususa ilungu kungase kudingeke ukuvimbela izinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Indlela yokunikeza ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqina komkhathi

Uma ucindezela ukuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ukunakekelwa kokuqala okumnene kungasiza ekuvimbeni ukulimala okwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, khumbula ukuthi ukulingwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kube yiyona nto oyikhathalelayo.

Qala ngokuya endaweni efudumele, eyomile ngokushesha. Susa noma yiziphi izingubo ezimanzi noma izinto zokuhlobisa endaweni ethintekile ngaphambi kokuba ukukhula kuqale, futhi phatha indawo eqinile ngobumnene.

Landela lezi zinyathelo zokushisa kabusha ngokuphepha:

1. Faka indawo ethintekile emanzini afudumele (angeyona amanzi ashisayo) phakathi kuka-104-108°F imizuzu engu-15-30
2. Omisa indawo ngobumnene bese uyifaka ngobumnene nge-gauze ehlanzekile
3. Hlala uhlukanise iminwe noma izinzwane eziqinile nge-gauze eyomile
4. Thatha imithi yokuhlanza ubuhlungu njengoba ukuphulukisa kabusha kungase kube buhlungu
5. Phuza amanzi afudumele, angena utshwala, angena i-caffeine

Ungazami ukususa izindawo eziqinile, sebenzisa ukushisa ngqo njenge-heating pads, noma uhambe ngezinyawo eziqinile ngaphandle uma kunesidingo. Lezi zenzo zingabangela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwamalungu.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yasedokotela?

Ukuba ulungile nge-aphoyintimenti yakho yezokwelapha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Bukele ulwazi olubalulekile ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ecacile ngesimo sakho.

Bhala imininingwane yokubekwa kwakho emazingeni okubanda, kufaka phakathi isikhathi eside obekwe emazingeni okubanda, amazinga okushisa angaba khona, nokuthi isikhumba sakho sasingcolile yini. Qaphela ukuthi izimpawu ziqale nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lungiselela lolwazi ngovakatshi wakho:

• Isikhathi sokuvezwa emazingeni okubanda nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu
• Imithi yamanje nezimo zezempilo
• Ukulimala komkhathi wangaphambili noma izigaba zokuqina komkhathi
• Izinyathelo zokuqala zokunakekelwa osevele uzithathe
• Imibuzo mayelana nokuphulukiswa nokuvimbela

Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zamanje nanoma yiziphi izinguquko oziqaphelayo. Uma kungenzeka, yiba nomuntu ohambisana nawe ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi futhi unikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nokuqina komkhathi?

Ukuqina komkhathi kuyisimo esinzima kodwa esingavikeleka sokulimala sezulu elibanda esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo nokunakekelwa okufanele. Isifuba semiphumela emihle siqala ekuqaphelweni okusheshayo, ekuqaleni kokunakekelwa, nasekwelapheni kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kuhlala kungcono kunokwelapha. Gqoka ngokufanele ngesikhathi sezulu elibanda, qaphela izimpawu zoxwayiso zokuqala, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna isikhumulo uma uqaphela izimpawu eziqala.

Abantu abaningi abane-frostbite oluthambile kuya olukhulu bahlala bephulukiswa ngokuphelele ngenakekelwa efanele. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezinkulu zingaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo, kungakho ukuthatha ukuphepha sezulu elibanda ngokungathi sína kuvikela impilo yakho nekhono lakho elide.

Themba izinzwa zakho mayelana nezimpawu ezihlobene nokubanda. Uma ungaqiniseki, kuhlala kungcono ukufuna ukulingwa kwezokwelapha kunokulinda nokubona ukuthi izinto ziyathuthuka ngokwazo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuqina komkhathi

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqina komkhathi ukuphulukisa?

Ukuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe ngokuvamile kuphulukisa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngenakekelwa efanele, kuyilapho isikhumba sakho singase siqale ukukhishwa njengoba ubanda. Izimo ezinkulu zingase zithathe amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni ukuze ziphulukiswe ngokuphelele, futhi abanye abantu bazizwa bebuthakathaka emazingeni okubanda.

Ungathola yini ukuqina komkhathi ngaphakathi?

Nakuba kungavamile, ungathuthukisa ukuqina komkhathi ngaphakathi uma uvezwe ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu njenge-freezers zezimboni noma uma uthintana ngqo nezinto ezibanda kakhulu isikhathi eside. Iningi lezimangalo zokuqina komkhathi zangaphakathi zenzeka ezindaweni zomsebenzi noma ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini.

Ingabe ukuqina komkhathi kushiya amabala angapheli?

Ukuqina komkhathi okulinganiselwe ngokuvamile kuphulukisa ngaphandle kwamabala, kodwa ukulimala okujulile kungase kushiye amabala angapheli noma izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwesikhumba nombala. Ukuqina komkhathi okukhulu kungase kubangele amabala amakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma amabhishi enza noma uma indawo itheleleka ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca ngemuva kokuqina komkhathi?

Kufanele ugweme umsebenzi onzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula ukuzivocavoca. Izindawo ezake zathinteka ngokuqina komkhathi zingase zibe nokuqina okukhulu emazingeni okubanda nasekulimala, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha uma uzivocavoca emazingeni okubanda noma uhileleka emisebenzini ecindezela indawo ethintekile.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqina komkhathi ne-hypothermia?

Ukuqina komkhathi kulimaza izingxenye ezithile zomzimba ezibekwe emazingeni okubanda okukhulu, kubangela ukulimala kwamalungu. I-Hypothermia ithonya umzimba wakho wonke lapho amazinga okushisa ezingxenye eziphakathi ewa phansi kakhulu, ithinta ukusebenza kwamalungu abalulekile. Ungaba nesimo esisodwa ngaphandle kwesinye, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ndawonye ezimweni zokubekwa emazingeni okubanda okukhulu.