Ukuthini i-Gestational Diabetes? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Gestational diabetes uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela oluvela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngokuvamile luyaphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana wakho. Kwenzeka uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukwenza i-insulin eyanele ukusingatha i-glucose (ishukela) eyengeziwe eyenziwa ukukhulelwa.

Lesi simo sihlupha cishe amaphesenti angu-2 kuya kwangu-10 okukhulelwa minyaka yonke. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokulandelela, abesifazane abaningi abane-gestational diabetes banokukhulelwa okuhle nezingane eziphilile.

Ukuthini i-Gestational Diabetes?

I-Gestational diabetes ivela uma ama-hormone okukhulelwa enza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo. I-Insulin uhormone esiza ukuhambisa ushukela egazini lakho ezingxenyeni zakho zomzimba ukuze uthole amandla.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-placenta yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone asiza ingane yakho ukuba ikhule. Noma kunjalo, la ma-hormone afanayo angavimba i-insulin ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo kahle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungazimiselani kwe-insulin, futhi kuyinto evamile ngezinga elithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Kubantu abaningi besifazane, i-pancreas ingakhiqiza i-insulin eyengeziwe ukuze inqobe lokhu kungazimiselani. Kodwa uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulandelela isidingo se-insulin esikhulu, amazinga eshukela egazini akhuphuka, okuholela e-gestational diabetes.

Lesi simo ngokuvamile sivela phakathi nesonto lesi-24 kuya kwelesi-28 sokukhulelwa. Lesi sikhathi asiyona into engokungahleliwe - yisikhathi lapho ama-hormone okukhulelwa esekuphakameni kwawo futhi ingane yakho ikhula ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Gestational Diabetes?

Abesifazane abaningi abane-gestational diabetes abanawo ama-symptom acacile. Kungakho ukukhethwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubaluleke kakhulu - ungase ungazi ukuthi unayo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zibuthakathaka futhi zingaphambukiswa kalula njengenguquko evamile yokukhulelwa. Nanka ama-sign okumelwe uwabukele:

• Ukoma okukhulu okungapheli
• Ukuya esikhumulweni njalo ngaphezu kwezidingo ezingavamile zokukhulelwa
• Ukukhathala okungavamile okuzwakala kukhulu kunokukhathala kokukhulelwa
• Ukubona okungacaceki noma ukuguquka kokubona
• Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kwe-yeast noma ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha okuphinde kubuyele ngemva kwesigaba sokuqala

Lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi futhi zikhule kancane kancane. Abesifazane abaningi bayazidela njengokungakhululeki okuvamile kokukhulelwa, okuqondakalayo.

Yini Ebangela i-Gestational Diabetes?

I-Gestational diabetes ivela uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezandayo zokukhulelwa. Imbangela yangempela isekubeni ama-hormone okukhulelwa athonya amandla omzimba wakho okuqapha ushukela.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-placenta yakho ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningana kuhlanganise ne-human placental lactogen, i-cortisol, ne-estrogen. La ma-hormone abalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane yakho, kodwa enza nezicubu zakho zingaphenduli kahle kwi-insulin.

Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wakho udinga cishe izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu i-insulin eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunangaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Uma i-pancreas yakho ingakwazi ukulandelela lesi sidingo, i-glucose yakha egazini lakho esikhundleni sokungenela ezingxenyeni zakho zomzimba.

Ingane yakho nayo idlala indima kule nqubo. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwesigaba sesibili nesesithathu, i-placenta ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi, okwenza ukungazimiselani kwe-insulin kube namandla nakakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-gestational diabetes ayibangelwa ukudla ushukela omningi noma yikho konke okwenzile okungalungile. Kungukusabela kwemvelo ekuchinjeni kwama-hormone kokukhulelwa okuhlangenwe nakho abesifazane abanye ngamandla kunabanye.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Gestational Diabetes?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukoma okukhulu, ukuya esikhumulweni njalo, noma ukukhathala okungavamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ungalindi isikhathi sakho esilandelayo sokuqokwa uma lezi zimpawu zikukhathaza.

Ukukhathalelwa okuvamile kokukhulelwa kuhlanganisa ukukhethwa okuvamile kwe-gestational diabetes, ngokuvamile phakathi nesonto lesi-24 kuya kwelesi-28 sokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, abesifazane abanye bangadinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo uma benama-risk factor.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengokugabha okuqhubekayo, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma ukuguquka okukhulu kokubona. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi amazinga eshukela egazini akho aphezulu kakhulu.

Uma usuvele utholakala une-gestational diabetes, xhumana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo uma unesikhathi sokulawula amazinga eshukela egazini lakho naphezu kokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Bangalungisa indlela yakho ukuze ihambisane kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Ziyini i-Risk Factor ze-Gestational Diabetes?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwe-gestational diabetes, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nama-risk factor akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Abesifazane abaningi abanawo ama-risk factor amaningi abakhuleli i-gestational diabetes.

Ukuqonda la ma-risk factor kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphe futhi mhlawumbe nibambe lesi simo ngokushesha:

• Ukuba sisindayo noma ukukhuluka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi kubazali noma abafowabo
• Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-25, ngengozi eyenyuka ngeminyaka
• Ukuba une-gestational diabetes ekukhulelweni kwangaphambili
• Ukuba uke wazala ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamapounds angu-9
• Ukuba ne-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Ukuba ngezizwe ezithile kuhlanganise ne-Hispanic, i-African American, i-Native American, noma i-Asian
• Ukuba nokucindezeleka kwegazi noma isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuba nomlando wokungazimiselani kwe-insulin noma i-prediabetes

Amanye ama-risk factor angavamile ahlanganisa ukuba uke waba nokufa kwengane engakazalwa noma ukulahlekelwa izingane, noma ukuba namanzi amaningi e-amniotic (polyhydramnios) ekukhulelweni kwangaphambili. Lezi zici zibonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ungase ube nezinselele ekulawuleni ushukela egazini esikhathini esidlule.

Ngisho noma ungenawo la ma-risk factor, usengakhula i-gestational diabetes. Kungakho ukukhethwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele ze-Gestational Diabetes?

Nakuba i-gestational diabetes ingabangela izingozi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngokulawulwa okuhle, abesifazane abaningi nezingane benza kahle kakhulu. Ukuqonda izingozi ezingase zivele kukusiza ukusebenza neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze uzivimbele.

Enganeni yakho, i-gestational diabetes engalawulwa ingabangela izinkinga eziningi. Ukukhathazeka okuvamile yi-macrosomia, okusho ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngenxa ye-glucose eyengeziwe edlula i-placenta.

Nanza izingozi eziyinhloko ezingathinta ingane yakho:

• Ukusinda okukhulu (macrosomia), okwenza ukubeletha kube nzima
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezinselele zokuphefumula ezihambisana nako
• Ushukela egazini ophansi (hypoglycemia) ngemva kokuzalwa
• Ingozi enkulu yokukhula i-type 2 diabetes kamuva ekuphileni
• Amathuba amaningi okukhuluka kwengane

Izingozi kuwe njengumama zingase zihlanganise izifo zokucindezeleka kwegazi njenge-preeclampsia, ingozi enkulu yokunikezwa i-cesarean ngenxa yosayizi wengane, namathuba amaningi okukhula i-type 2 diabetes kamuva ekuphileni.

Izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zezingane zingase zihlanganise ukufa kwengane engakazalwa, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu ngokulandelela nokuphathwa okuhle. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinselele zokuphefumula ngesikhathi zizalwa noma i-jaundice.

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi ukugcina ukulawulwa okuhle kweshukela egazini kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yazo zonke lezi zingozi. Abesifazane abaningi abane-gestational diabetes elawulwayo kahle banokukhulelwa okuvamile nezingane eziphilile.

I-Gestational Diabetes Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-gestational diabetes ngenxa yemvelo yayo yama-hormone, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho yonke yokukhulelwa. Ikhona ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukuqala ukukhulelwa ngesisindo esinempilo yindlela enye ephumelelayo kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, sisebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ufinyelele isisindo esinempilo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokudla okulinganiselayo nokuzivocavoca okuvamile.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, gxila ekudleni ukudla okulula okucebile ekudleni okugcwele, imifino, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, nama-carbohydrate aphelele. Gwema iziphuzo ezishukela nezinto zokudla ezicutshunguliwe ezingabangela ukukhuphuka kweshukela egazini.

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, njengoba kuvunywe udokotela wakho, kungasiza umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo. Ngisho nemisebenzi ebuthakathaka njengokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku eziningi ingenza umehluko omkhulu.

Uma uke waba ne-gestational diabetes ngaphambili, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo phakathi kokukhulelwa futhi mhlawumbe ulahlekelwe isisindo kunganciphisa ingozi yokubuyela kwakho. Noma kunjalo, abesifazane abanye bazokhula futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuguquka kwesitayela sokuphila ngenxa yokuphendula kwama-hormone komuntu.

I-Gestational Diabetes Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

I-Gestational diabetes ihlonishwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuqapha ukuthi umzimba wakho uqapha ushukela kangcono kangakanani. Ukukhethwa okuvamile kwenzeka phakathi nesonto lesi-24 kuya kwelesi-28 sokukhulelwa, nakuba abesifazane abanye bangadinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Ivivinyo elivamile yi-glucose challenge test, lapho uzothola khona isiphuzo esishukela esishukela futhi igazi lakho lithathe ngemva kwehora elilodwa. Awudingi ukudla ngaphambi kwalesi sivivinyo sokuqala sokuhlunga.

Uma imiphumela ye-glucose challenge test yakho iphakeme, uzodinga i-glucose tolerance test ephelele kakhulu. Kuleli vivinyo, uzodla ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bese uthola isiphuzo se-glucose futhi igazi lakho lithathe ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwamathree.

Udokotela wakho uzokutholakala une-gestational diabetes uma izindinganiso zakho ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-glucose tolerance test ziphezulu kunamazinga ajwayelekile. Inombolo ethile ingase ihluke kancane phakathi kwabadokotela, kodwa izimiso zihlala zifanayo.

Abesifazane abanye abanawo ama-risk factor aphezulu bangase bathole ukukhethwa okusheshayo esigabeni sabo sokuqala. Uma imiphumela yabo ilungile, bazosathola ukukhethwa okuvamile kamuva ekukhulelweni njengoba i-gestational diabetes ngokuvamile ivela esigabeni sesibili noma sesithathu sokukhulelwa.

Yikuphi Ukwelapha kwe-Gestational Diabetes?

Ukuphathwa kwe-gestational diabetes kugxila ekugcineni amazinga eshukela egazini lakho ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinempilo ukuze kuvikelwe wena nengane yakho. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abesifazane abaningi bangalawula lesi simo ngokuphumelelayo ngokuguqula indlela yokuphila kuphela.

Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizokufundisa ukuthi ungalawula kanjani ushukela egazini lakho ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucose meter. Ngokuvamile uzohlola amazinga akho izikhathi ezine ngosuku: kanye lapho uvuka (fasting) futhi futhi ngemva kwesidlo ngasinye.

Ukuguqula ukudla ngokuvamile yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha. Umqeqeshi wokudla angakusiza ukuba udale uhlelo lokudla olukuhlinzeka ngokudla okufanele kuwe nengane yakho ngenkathi ugcina ushukela egazini uzinzile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile nokuhlela ama-carbohydrate aphelele kunama-sugars alula.

Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, njengoba kuvunywe udokotela wakho, kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise i-insulin ngokuphumelelayo. Ngisho nemisebenzi ebuthakathaka njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma i-prenatal yoga ingaba usizo.

Uma ukuguqula indlela yokuphila kunganelisi ukulawula ushukela egazini lakho, udokotela wakho angase anikeze i-insulin injections. I-Insulin iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ayidluli i-placenta ukuze ithinte ingane yakho.

Abesifazane abanye bangase babe abakhethiwe bemithi yomlomo njenge-metformin, nakuba i-insulin ihlala iyimithi ekhethwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma indlela engcono kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi se-Gestational Diabetes?

Ukuphatha i-gestational diabetes ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kweshukela egazini, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokudla, nokugcina ukhuthele. Lezi zindinganiso zansuku zonke ziyithuluzi lakho lokugcina wena nengane yakho niphilile.

Hlola ushukela egazini lakho ngendlela iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo elikuqondisile, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Gcina irekhodi lamanani akho kanye nezinqolobane ngalokho okukudlile nanoma yiluphi ukuzivocavoca. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha uma kudingeka.

Landela uhlelo lwakho lokudla oluqondisiwe ngokuqhubekayo, ngisho noma ungazizwa njalo. Dlala ngezikhathi ezivamile ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka nokwehla kweshukela egazini. Uma uhlupheka ngokuphefumula noma ukungathandeki kokudla, sisebenza nomqeqeshi wakho wokudla ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kuwe.

Gcina ukhuthele ngohlelo lwakho lokuzivocavoca oluvunyiwe. Ngisho nasezinsukwini lapho uzizwa ukhathele, ukuhamba okuthambile njengokuhamba okufushane kungasiza ukulinganisa ushukela egazini lakho. Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungazicindelisi kakhulu.

Thatha i-insulin yakho noma eminye imithi ngendlela eqondisiwe uma ukuguqula indlela yokuphila kuphela kunganelisi. Ungaphuthi izilinganiso noma ungalungisi inani ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Bheka izimpawu zezixwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengamanani eshukela egazini aphezulu ngokuqhubekayo kunesilinganiso sakho, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Uma ungaqiniseki, xhumana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Isikhathi Sakho Sokubona Udokotela?

Woza ulungile ngerekhodi lakho leshukela egazini, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, namanani okuqapha ekhaya. Letha nezinqolobane ngokudla kwakho, ukuzivocavoca, nendlela obezizwa ngayo.

Bhala phansi noma imiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka okukukhathazayo ngaphambi kokubona kwakho. Imibuzo evamile ihlanganisa ukubuza ngokudla okuthile, ukuguqulwa kokuzivocavoca, noma okumele ukulindele ngesikhathi sokubeletha nge-gestational diabetes.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ozithathayo. Faka izilinganiso nokuthi uzithatha kangaki. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza ndawonye ngokuphepha.

Cabanga ukuletha umuntu osekela ezikhathini ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi lapho uxoxa ngokuguqulwa kokwelapha noma ukuhlela ukubeletha. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Yiba eqotho ngezinselele ozibhekene nazo ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukulandelela ushukela egazini. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lingakusiza kuphela uma liqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ekhaya.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Nge-Gestational Diabetes?

I-Gestational diabetes yisimo esilawuleka esithinta abesifazane abaningi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokulandelela okuhle, ukuguqulwa kwesitayela sokuphila, nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha uma kudingeka, ungaba nokukhulelwa okuhle nengane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukukhula kwe-gestational diabetes akusho ukuthi awenzanga lutho olungalungile. Kungukusabela kwemvelo kuma-hormone okukhulelwa okuhlangenwe nakho abesifazane abanye ngamandla kunabanye.

Gxila ezintweni ongaziqondisa: ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokudla, ukugcina ukhuthele njengoba kuvunywe udokotela wakho, ukulandela ushukela egazini lakho ngokuqhubekayo, nokugcina ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokukhulelwa. Lezi zinyathelo zikunika amathuba amahle kakhulu okuphumelela okuhle.

Abesifazane abaningi abane-gestational diabetes bayaqhubeka beba nokubeletha okuvamile nezingane eziphilile. Lesi simo ngokuvamile siyaphela ngemva kokukhulelwa, nakuba kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokulandelela impilo yakho isikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngo-Gestational Diabetes

Ingabe i-gestational diabetes izolimaza ingane yami?

Ngokuphathwa okuhle, i-gestational diabetes ayivamile ukubangela ukulimala okukhulu ezinganeni. Ikhona ukugcina ukulawulwa okuhle kweshukela egazini ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, nemithi uma kudingeka. Izingane eziningi ezelwe kumama abane-gestational diabetes elawulwayo kahle ziphilile ngokuphelele.

Ingabe ngizoba nesifo sikashukela ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yami?

I-Gestational diabetes ngokuvamile iyaphela ngemva kokubeletha, kodwa iyandisa ingozi yakho yokukhula i-type 2 diabetes kamuva ekuphileni. Cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 wabesifazane abane-gestational diabetes batholakala benesifo sikashukela se-type 2 ngemva kokukhulelwa. Uzoba nokuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuqapha amazinga eshukela egazini lakho.

Ingabe ngingasabapha amabele uma ngine-gestational diabetes?

Yebo, ungaphatha futhi kufanele uphathe uma ukhetha. Ukuphatha amabele kungase kusize ushukela egazini lakho ubuye evamile ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha. Uma udinga i-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzolungisa inani lakho ngemva kokuzalwa njengoba ukuphatha amabele kuthinta amazinga eshukela egazini.

Ingabe ngizokuthola i-gestational diabetes ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo?

Ukuba ne-gestational diabetes kuyandisa ingozi yakho yokuyithola futhi ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo, ngamathuba okuphindaphinda cishe amaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-50. Noma kunjalo, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo phakathi kokukhulelwa nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ukunciphisa le ngozi.

Ingabe ngidinga i-cesarean section uma ngine-gestational diabetes?

Akuyona into eqinisekile. Abesifazane abaningi abane-gestational diabetes bangaba nokubeletha okuvamile. Isinqumo siyancika ezintweni njengosayizi obalwe wengane yakho, ukuthi ushukela egazini lakho ulawulwe kangcono kangakanani, nezinye izimo zomuntu siqu. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngohlelo lokubeletha oluhle kakhulu ngesimo sakho.