Ukuqina Kwe-Glomeruli: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli yilokhu kuqina kwamafutha amancane ezinso zakho okuthiwa yi-glomeruli. Lezi zinto ezincane kakhulu zisebenza njengezifiltha zekhofi, zihlambulula ubuthi namanzi amaningi egazini lakho ukuze wenze umchamo. Uma ziqina, izinso zakho azikwazi ukuhlanza kahle, okuholela ezinkingeni zokususa ubuthi nokuqondana kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho.

Lesi simo singase siqale ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zokuqina kwe-glomeruli ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala ngokushesha. Ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho kungakusiza ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvikela impilo yezinso zakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Izimpawu zokuqina kwe-glomeruli zingase zihluke kuye kokuthi lesi simo siqala ngokushesha noma kancane kancane. Abanye abantu baphawula ukushintsha ngokushesha, kanti abanye bangase bangaphawuli lutho oluphosakele kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kuveza izinkinga zezinso.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu umzimba wakho ongase uwubonise uma izifiltha zakho zezinso zingasebenzi kahle:

• Umncintiswano noma umchamo onamabhabhu olufana nobuthi bebiya
• Umncintiswano opinki, obomvu, noma obumnyama ngenxa yegazi
• Ukuqina ebusweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma ezinzwini
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukunciphisa ukumchama noma ukumchama kancane kancane
• Ukuphefumula kancane
• Ukuphefumula kancane

Umncintiswano onamabhabhu kwenzeka ngoba iprotheni iphuma ezifilthini zakho zezinso ezonakele. Ukuqina kwenzeka uma izinso zakho zingakwazi ukususa amanzi amaningi emzimbeni wakho ngokuphumelelayo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe nzima, kodwa yindlela yomzimba wakho yokukwazisa ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kuza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko kuye kokuthi izimpawu ziqala ngokushesha kangakanani. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inhlobo onayo kusiza udokotela wakho ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli okusheshayo kuqala ngokuzumayo, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini noma emaviki ambalwa. Ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nokuqina, umchamo omnyama, noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluvela ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile lulandela ukutheleleka, njengokutheleleka kwe-strep, futhi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli okuqhubekayo kuqala kancane kancane ngezinyanga noma iminyaka. Ungase ungaphawuli izimpawu ekuqaleni, futhi lesi simo ngokuvamile sitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Lolu hlobo lungalimaza izinso zakho kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunganciphisa noma kuyeke ukwanda kwalo.

Yini ebangela ukuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kungase kubangelwe izimbangela eziningi ezahlukene, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bengenakukwazi ukubona imbangela eqondile. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela idlala indima ebalulekile ezimweni eziningi, noma ngokulwa nokutheleleka noma ngokuhlasela ngephutha inyama yezinso zakho.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka njengokutheleleka kwe-strep, i-hepatitis B noma C, ne-HIV
• Izifo zokuzikhusela njenge-lupus ne-vasculitis
• Izimo zozakwethu ezifuywe njenge-Alport syndrome
• Imithi ethile nezinye izinto eziyingozi
• I-Diabetes noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izifo zezinsimbi zegazi ezihlasela izinso

Ngezinye izikhathi isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela yenza ama-antibodies ukulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa la ma-antibodies nawo alimaza izifiltha zakho zezinso. Ezimweni zokuzikhusela, isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ihlukanisa ngephutha inyama yezinso ezempilo njengento engaphandle futhi iyihlasela. Ukuqonda imbangela kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba aqondise ukwelashwa ngokuphumelelayo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kungase kubangelwe izimo ezifana ne-Goodpasture's syndrome, lapho ama-antibodies ehlasela izisu nezinso, noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza eziqalisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuzikhusela okuhlasela izinso.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukushintsha kombala womchamo wakho, izindlela zokumchama, noma uhlushwa ukuqina okungachazeki. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonakale zincane, kodwa zingase zibonise izinkinga zezinso ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa izimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nokuqina okukhulu, ukuphefumula kancane, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukumchama okuncane kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi umsebenzi wezinso zakho uyancipha ngokushesha futhi udinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ungalindi uma unezingozi ezifana nokutheleleka kwamuva, izifo zokuzikhusela, noma umlando womndeni wezinkinga zezinso. Ukutholakala ngokushesha nokwelashwa kungavimbela ukulimala okungapheli kwezinso futhi kusize ukulondoloza umsebenzi wezinso zakho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Ziyini izingozi zokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Izinto eziningi zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuqina kwe-glomeruli, nakuba ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzoba nalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu uma una:

• Ukutheleleka kwabakthriya kwamuva, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kwe-strep
• Izifo zokuzikhusela njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso noma ukuqina kwe-glomeruli
• I-Diabetes noma uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ukutheleleka yi-viral njenge-hepatitis noma i-HIV
• Ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile ezingozi noma imithi
• Ukuba owesilisa futhi ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60

Ubudala nezinto zozakwethu zidlala indima ebalulekile futhi. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqina kwe-glomeruli ezifuywe zidlula emindenini, kanti ezinye zivela ngokuvamile emaqenjini ethile ebudala. Ukuba nezingozi eziningi akusho ukuthi uqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga zezinso, kodwa kusho ukuthi ukulandelela okujwayelekile kubalulekile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Uma ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kungelaphi kahle, kungase kube nezinhlanganisela ezinkulu ezihlasela impilo yakho yonke. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlanganisela eziningi zingase zivikelwe noma ziphathwe ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Isifiso sezinso esiqhubekayo esibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olukhulu
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okudinga i-dialysis noma ukuhlinzwa
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezivela ekuqineni kwamanzi noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ukungaqondani kwama-electrolyte okuhlasela izinga lenhliziyo yakho
• Ukungena kwezingozi eziningi
• Izinkinga zethambo ezivela ekungabiqondi kwamaminerali

Inhlanganisela ebuhlungu kakhulu ukwehluleka kwezinso okuqhubekayo, lapho izinso zakho zilahlekelwa kancane kancane amandla azo okususa ubuthi egazini lakho. Noma kunjalo, ngokutholakala ngokushesha nokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-glomerulonephritis balondoloza umsebenzi omuhle wezinso amashumi eminyaka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqina kwe-glomeruli okusheshayo kungase kubangele ukwehluleka kwezinso okuqhubekayo ngokushesha ezinyangeni noma emaviki ambalwa, okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo okukhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala okungapheli.

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zokuqina kwe-glomeruli, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezifuywe, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho nokuvikela impilo yezinso zakho. Ukuvimbela kugxila ekuphatheni izimo ezikhona nokuqeda izimbangela uma kungenzeka.

Ukuze usize ukuvimbela ukuqina kwe-glomeruli, ungaphatha ukutheleleka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka kwe-strep nokutheleleka kwesikhumba okungase kuqalise ukuqina kwezinso. Ukuphatha izimo eziqhubekayo njenge-diabetes noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu futhi kuvikela izinso zakho ekubeni limale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukugwema imithi engenasidingo engalimaza izinso zakho, ukuhlala unamanzi, ukulondoloza isisindo esinempilo, nokungaqoki. Uma une-autoimmune disease, ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuyilawula kungavimbela izinhlanganisela zezinso.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezingozi. Udokotela wakho angalandelela umsebenzi wezinso zakho ngokuhlolwa okulula kwegazi nomchamo, ukuthola izinkinga ngokushesha lapho ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu.

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kuxilongwa kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuqina kwe-glomeruli kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuhlola ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthola imbangela ezikhona. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa komzimba, efuna izimpawu ezifana nokuqina noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuxilonga kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola iprotheni, igazi, nezinye izinto ezingavamile ezibonisa ukulimala kwezifiltha zezinso. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqapha izinto ezingcolile ezifana ne-creatinine ne-urea, eziqala ukwakheka uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezifana ne-ultrasounds ukubuka ubukhulu nobukhulu bezinso zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi i-kidney biopsy idingeka, lapho ingxenye encane yenyama yezinso ihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze kutholwe uhlobo oluqondile lokuqina kwe-glomeruli nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola ama-autoimmune markers, amazinga e-complement, nama-antibodies athile angase abonise imbangela ezikhona. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondiswe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ukuphathwa kokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Ukuphathwa kokuqina kwe-glomeruli kuncike embangelweni ezikhona, ubukhulu, nohlobo lwesimo onalo. Izinjongo eziyinhloko ukunciphisa ukuqina, ukuvikela umsebenzi wezinso zakho osele ukhona, nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela.

Ukuphathwa okuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-Corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuqina
• Imithi yokucindezela isistimu yokuzikhusela ngezimbangela zokuzikhusela
• Imithi yoxinzelelo lwegazi, ikakhulukazi ama-ACE inhibitors
• Ama-Diuretics ukusiza ukususa amanzi amaningi
• Ama-Antibiotics uma ukutheleleka kuyimbangela
• Ukushintsha ukudla ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezinso
• I-Dialysis ezimweni ezinkulu

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele uhlobo lwakho oluqondile lokuqina kwe-glomeruli. Abanye abantu badinga ukwelashwa okukhulu ngemithi enamandla, kanti abanye bangase badinge kuphela ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi nokulandelwa okujwayelekile.

Ngezinhlobo ezingavamile ezifana nokuqina kwe-glomeruli okuqhubekayo ngokushesha, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise i-plasmapheresis, lapho igazi lakho lihlanzwa khona ukususa ama-antibodies alimazayo. Ezimweni ze-Goodpasture's syndrome, ukwelashwa okukhulu kokucindezela isistimu yokuzikhusela kuvame ukudingeka ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela ezibulalayo.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqina kwe-glomeruli ekhaya?

Ukuphatha ukuqina kwe-glomeruli ekhaya kuhilela ukushintsha indlela yokuphila okusekela impilo yezinso zakho nokusekela ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu nokunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo.

Ukudla kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni isimo sakho. Ungase udinge ukulinganisela usawoti ukunciphisa ukuqina noxinzelelo lwegazi, ukulinganisela iprotheni uma izinso zakho zilwa, nokulandela ukungena kwamanzi uma ugcina amanzi. Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi wokudla angakusiza ukuba wenze uhlelo lokudla olufanele izinso.

Ukuthatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalelwe kubalulekile, ngisho noma uzizwa kangcono. Landelela uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ekhaya uma kunconywe, futhi ulandelela isisindo sakho nsuku zonke ukubuka ukwanda okungazelelwe okungase kubonise ukuqina kwamanzi.

Hlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, uthole ukuphumula okwanele, futhi ugweme imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engase ilimaze izinso zakho. Ukuvakasha okujwayelekile kubalulekile ekuqapheleni intuthuko yakho nokwenza ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kunikeza udokotela wakho ulwazi olubalulekile ngesimo sakho. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo, kufaka phakathi izinto ezingaphezu kokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Lungiselela futhi uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele kuqhubeke.

Butha noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yangaphambili, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wegazi nokuhlolwa komchamo okuvela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo. Cabanga ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti.

Bhala umlando womndeni wakho wesifo sezinso, izimo zokuzikhusela, nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwamuva noma izifo ozibe nazo. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda izimbangela ezingase zibe khona nezingozi zesimo sakho.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Ukuqina kwe-glomeruli yisimo esingelashwa esihlasela isistimu yokusika yezinso zakho, futhi ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, abantu abaningi abane-glomerulonephritis baphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokuphathwa kwendlela yokuphila.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela izimpawu kungavimbela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuthatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe, nokwenza izinqumo zendlela yokuphila ezifanele izinso kungasiza ukulondoloza umsebenzi wezinso zakho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Isipiliyoni sabo bonke abantu ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli sihlukile, ngakho-ke gxila kuhlelo lwakho lokwelapha siqu kunokuzifanisa nabanye. Ngezinketho zokwelapha zanamuhla nokuqhubeka kokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha, ukubuka kwabantu abane-glomerulonephritis kuyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli

Ingase iphiliswe ngokuphelele yini i-glomerulonephritis?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqina kwe-glomeruli, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqalwa ukutheleleka, zingase ziphile ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo eziqhubekayo ngokuvamile ziphathwa kunokuba ziphile, ngokwelashwa okuqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni ukwanda nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela. Abantu abaningi balondoloza umsebenzi omuhle wezinso amashumi eminyaka ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana nokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Isikhathi sokuphulukana sihluka kakhulu kuye kohlobo nokuqala kokuqina kwe-glomeruli yakho. Izimo eziqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka zingase ziqedeke emavikini noma ezinyangeni, kanti izimo eziqhubekayo zidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho angakunika isikhathi esingcono esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Ingabe i-glomerulonephritis ifuywa?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqina kwe-glomeruli zifuywa, njenge-Alport syndrome nezinye izifo zezinso zozakwethu. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi azifuywa futhi zivela ngenxa yokutheleleka, izimo zokuzikhusela, noma ezinye izimbangela eziqediwe. Uma une-family history yesifo sezinso, xoxa ngokuncoma kwezokwelapha nodokotela wakho.

Ngingase ngiqhubeke ngokuzivocavoca ngokuqina kwe-glomeruli?

Abantu abaningi abane-glomerulonephritis bangase baqhubeke beqeqesha, nakuba ungase udinge ukushintsha uhlelo lwakho kuye ezimpawu zakho namandla. Ukuzivocavoca okulula kuyamaphakathi ngokuvamile kuwusizo ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi nempilo yonke. Hlala ukhombisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthi uqale noma ushintshe uhlelo lwakho lokuzivocavoca.

Ngingase ngidinga i-dialysis uma ngine-glomerulonephritis?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onokuqina kwe-glomeruli ozodinga i-dialysis. Abantu abaningi balondoloza umsebenzi omuhle wezinso ngokwelashwa okufanele futhi abadingi i-dialysis. Noma kunjalo, uma umsebenzi wezinso zakho uncipha kakhulu naphezu kokwelashwa, i-dialysis ingase idingeke. Ukutholakala ngokushesha nokwelashwa kunciphise kakhulu le ngozi.