Goiter

I-goiter (GOI-tur) iwukukhula okungajwayelekile kwe-gland ye-thyroid. I-thyroid yi-gland enesimo sebhathani elisezansi komlomo, ngaphansi kwe-Adam's apple.

I-goiter ingaba ukukhula okuphelele kwe-thyroid, noma ingaba yimphumela yokukhula kwe-cell okungajwayelekile okwenza i-lump (izinhlayiya) eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwi-thyroid. I-goiter ingahlotshaniswa nokungahlali shintsho emsebenzini we-thyroid noma ngokwanda noma ukuncipha kwe-hormone ze-thyroid.

Abantu abaningi abane-goiter abanawo amanxiwa noma izimpawu ngaphandle kokukhula phansi komphimbo. Ezimweni eziningi, i-goiter incinyane kangangokuthi itholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile noma ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kwesinye isimo. Amanye amanxiwa noma izimpawu kuya ngokuthi umsebenzi we-thyroid ushintsha kanjani, i-goiter ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ivinela yini ukuphefumula.

Indlela i-gland yethayirodi esebenza ngayo

Amahomoni amabili aveliswa yi-thayirodi yi-thyroxine (T-4) ne-triiodothyronine (T-3). Uma i-thayirodi ikhipha i-thyroxine (T-4) ne-triiodothyronine (T-3) egazini, adlala indima emisebenzini eminingi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa nokulungiswa kokulandelayo:

• Ukuguqulwa kokudla kube amandla (ukuguqulwa kwamandla)
• Ukushisa komzimba
• Izinga lenhliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Ukusebenzisana kwamahomoni amanye
• Ukukhula ngesikhathi sobuntwana

Igland yethayirodi ikhiphala futhi i-calcitonin, ihomoni elisiza ekulawuleni inani le-calcium egazini.

Noma yini ongathuthukisa i-goiter. Ingase ikhona ekuzalweni noma ivela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ekuphileni. Amanye ama-risk factor avamile we-goiters afaka phakathi:

• Ukwehluleka kokudla i-ayodini. I-ayodini itholakala ikakhulukazi olwandle nasemhlabathini ezindaweni zasemgwaqeni. Ezweni elikhulayo ikakhulukazi, abantu abangenayo i-ayodini eyanele ekudleni kwabo noma ukufinyelela ekudleni okune-ayodini banengozi enkulu. Lokhu kuyindlala e-United States.
• Ukuba owesifazane. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-goiter noma ezinye izifo ze-thyroid.
• Ukukhulelwa nokuqeda ukuya esikhathini. Izinkinga ze-thyroid kwabesifazane zivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqeda ukuya esikhathini.
• Ubudala. I-Goiters ivame kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engu-40.
• Umbhalo womndeni wezokwelapha. Umbhalo womndeni wezokwelapha we-goiters noma ezinye izifo ze-thyroid uyakwandisa ingozi ye-goiters. Futhi, abacwaningi baye baqaphela izici ze-genetic ezingase zihambisane nengozi eyenyuke kakhulu.
• Imithi. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kufaka phakathi i-amiodarone (Pacerone) yomti wenzondo kanye ne-lithium (Lithobid) yomuthi wezengqondo, zikwandisa ingozi yakho.
• Ukukhishwa kweradieysheni. Ingozi yakho iyanda uma uke waba nezindlela zokwelapha zeradieysheni entanyeni yakho noma endaweni yesifuba.

I-goiter ngokwayo ngokuvamile ayibangeli izinkinga. Ukubonakala kwayo kungase kube yinkinga noma kube yinto ehluphayo kwabanye abantu. I-goiter enkulu ingase ivinje umoya nomphimbo.

Ukushintsha ekukhiqizweni kwamahomoni esitho se-thyroid okuhlobene ne-goiter kunamandla okubangela izinkinga ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomzimba.

I-goiter ivame iyatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okuvamile. Ngokuthinta intamo yakho, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase athole ukukhula kwe-thyroid, i-nodule eyodwa noma ama-nodules amaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi i-goiter itholakala lapho uqhutshwa ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ngenxa yesimo esinye.

Kuhlelwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kwenziwe okulandelayo:

Izivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukulinganisa usayizi we-thyroid

• Ukuthola noma yimaphi ama-nodules

• Ukulinganisa ukuthi i-thyroid ingase isebenze kakhulu noma ingasebenzi kahle

• Ukuthola imbangela ye-goiter

• Izivivinyo zomsebenzi we-Thyroid. I-sampuli legazi ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa inani le-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elikhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland nokuthi iyiphi inani le-thyroxine (T-4) ne-triiodothyronine (T-3) elikhiqizwa yi-thyroid. Lezi zivivinyo zingabonisa ukuthi i-goiter ihlotshaniswa nokwanda noma ukwehla emsebenzini we-thyroid.

• Uvivinyo lwabaphikisi. Kuye ngemiphumela yovavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase a-ode uvavanyo legazi ukuze athole i-antibody ehlotshaniswa nesifo se-autoimmune, njenge-Hashimoto's disease noma i-Graves' disease.

• I-Ultrasonography. I-Ultrasonography isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala isithombe sekhompyutha sezicubu entanyeni yakho. Uchwepheshe usebenzisa idivayisi efana ne-wand (i-transducer) phezu kwentamo yakho ukuze enze ukuhlolwa. Le ndlela yokuhlola izithombe ingabonisa usayizi we-thyroid gland yakho futhi ithole ama-nodules.

• Ukungeniswa kwe-radioactive iodine. Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo e-ode leli vivivinyo, unikezwa inani elincane le-radioactive iodine. Usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokuskena, uchwepheshe angalinganisa inani nesilinganiso lapho i-thyroid yakho iyithatha khona. Leli vivivinyo lingase lihlanganiswe ne-radioactive iodine scan ukuze libonise isithombe esibonakalayo sesampula yokungeniswa. Imiphumela ingasiza ekuthola umsebenzi nombangela we-goiter.

• I-Biopsy. Ngesikhathi se-fine-needle aspiration biopsy, i-ultrasound isebenziswa ukuqondisa i-needle encane kakhulu e-thyroid yakho ukuze uthole isampula yethishu noma i-fluid evela kuma-nodules. Izampula zivivinywa ukuthi zikhona yini amaseli e-cancer.

Ukwelashwa kwe-goiter kuncike ebukhoneni be-goiter, izimpawu zakho kanye nezimpawu, nesizathu esiyimbangela. Uma i-goiter yakho incinyane futhi umsebenzi we-thyroid wakho uphilile, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase aphakamise indlela yokulinda nokubuka ngokuqapha okuvamile.

Imithi ye-goiters ingafaka enye yalezi:

Ungase udinga ukuhlinzwa ukususa yonke noma ingxenye ye-thyroid gland yakho (i-thyroidectomy ephelele noma engaphelele) kungase kusetshenziswe ukwelapha i-goiter ngezinkinga ezilandelayo:

Ungase udinga ukuthatha isikhombisi sendawo se-thyroid hormone, kuye ngobuningi be-thyroid esusiwe.

I-iodine enomsebenzi we-radioactive iyindlela yokwelapha i-thyroid gland ephakeme kakhulu. Inani le-iodine enomsebenzi we-radioactive lithathelwa ngomlomo. I-thyroid ithatha i-iodine enomsebenzi we-radioactive, ebulala amaseli e-thyroid. Ukwelashwa kunciphisa noma kuqeda ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone futhi kunganciphisa ubukhulu be-goiter.

Njengoba kunjalo nokuhlinzwa, ungase udinga ukuthatha isikhombisi sendawo se-thyroid hormone ukuze ugcine amazinga afanele we-hormones.

• Ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone. I-thyroid engasebenzi kahle iwelashwa ngesikhombisi sendawo se-thyroid hormone. I-drug levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Thyquidity, ezinye) ithatha indawo ye-T-4 futhi iholela ekuphumeni kwe-pituitary gland eyi-TSH encane. I-drug liothyronine (Cytomel) ingase ilotshwe njengesikhombisi sendawo se-T-3. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinganciphisa ubukhulu be-goiter.

• Ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone. I-thyroid ephakeme kakhulu ingase iwelashwe ngemithi ye-anti-thyroid ephazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone. Imithi evamile kakhulu esetshenziswayo, i-methimazole (Tapazole), ingase futhi inciphisa ubukhulu be-goiter.

• Ukuvimba imisebenzi ye-hormone. Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase alotshe imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-beta blocker yokuphatha izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism. Lezi zidakamizwa - kufaka phakathi i-atenolol (Tenormin), i-metoprolol (Lopressor) nezinye - zingaphazamisa i-hormones eyongeziwe ye-thyroid futhi zinciphisa izimpawu.

• Ukulawula ubuhlungu. Uma ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid kuholela ebuhlungwini, kuvame ukwelashwa nge-aspirin, i-naproxen sodium (Aleve), i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, ezinye) noma abaphuli bobuhlungu abahlobene. Ubuhlungu obukhulu bungase buwelashwe nge-steroid.

• Ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya okunzima

• Ama-nodules e-thyroid abangela i-hyperthyroidism

• Umdlavuza we-thyroid