Uguquka LweGraves? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Uguquka LweGraves Yini?

Uguquka lweGraves yisimo sokuziphatha komzimba lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sihlasele ngephutha i-gland yakho ye-thyroid, okubangela ukuba ikhiqize i-hormone ye-thyroid eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kukhiqizwa okukhulu kubangela i-hyperthyroidism, okushesisa imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba wakho.

Cabanga nge-thyroid yakho njengendawo yokulawula injini yomzimba wakho. Uma uguquka lweGraves lubathinta, injini iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kakhulu, ithonya konke kusukela kumthamo wenhliziyo yakho kuyamazinga amandla akho. Isimo sifumana igama laso kuDkt. Robert Graves, owachaza okokuqala ngo-1835.

Uguquka lweGraves yimbangela evamile kakhulu ye-hyperthyroidism, ethonya cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabantu abangama-200. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu uma uqale ukutholakala, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kuphatheka kakhulu ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuGuquka kweGraves?

Izimpawu zokuGuquka kweGraves zithuthukiswa ngoba umzimba wakho usebenza ngokweqile. Ungase uqaphele lezi zinguquko kancane kancane noma zivele ngokuzumayo.

Nawa zimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile ongakuzwa ngisho nasekuphumuleni
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki naphezu kokudla ngokujwayelekile noma ngaphezulu kwesijwayelekile
• Ukufisa ukudla okukhulu okubonakala kungenakwaneliseka
• Ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuzizwa uqhaqhazela
• Ukuzamazama kwezandla okuqapheleka uma uzama ukubamba into ethile
• Ukubila okukhulu nokuzizwa ufudumala lapho abanye bezwa bekhululekile
• Ukuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini, izikhathi ezilula noma ezincane kancane
• Ukuya esikhathini njalo noma isifo sohudo
• Ubunzima bokuthola ubuthongo noma ukuhlala ulele
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni zakho eziphezulu nasemadolweni
• Ukukhathala naphezu kokuzizwa ungaphumuli

Abanye abantu abaneGuquka lweGraves bathuthukisa nezinkinga zamehlo, ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Grave's ophthalmopathy. Amehlo akho angase azizwe omile, ane-gritty, noma azizwe ebuhlungu ekukhanyeni. Emacaleni aqaphelekayo kakhulu, amehlo akho angase abonakale ephuma phambili noma ungase ube nobunzima bokuwasusa ngokujwayelekile.

Ngokungavamile, ungase uqaphele isikhumba esiqinile, esibomvu ezinzwini zakho noma emaphethelweni ezinyawo zakho. Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-pretibial myxedema, sithinta kuphela cishe u-1-2% lwabantu abaneGuquka lweGraves kodwa kungase kube ukukhathazeka uma kwenzeka.

Yini ebangela uGuquka lweGraves?

Uguquka lweGraves kwenzeka uma isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sikhiqiza ama-antibodies afana ne-hormone ebizwa nge-TSH (i-thyroid-stimulating hormone). La ma-antibodies angalungile, abizwa nge-thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, akhohlisa i-thyroid yakho ngokucinga ukuthi idinga ukusebenza ngokweqile.

I-trigger eqondile yale nhlanganisela yesistimu sokuvikela umzimba ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe kuyindlela yokuxuba i-genetic predisposition nezici zemvelo. I-genes yakho ilayisha isibhamu, kodwa okuthile endaweni yakho yemvelo kudonsa i-trigger.

Izici eziningi zingase zinikezele ekuthuthukiseni uGuquka lweGraves:

• Ukuqina okukhulu kwengqondo noma komzimba, njengokugula, ukuhlinzwa, noma izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila
• Ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka okuyisifo esibulalayo okungase kudide isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba
• Ukukhulelwa, okuguqula ngokwemvelo isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba
• Ukubhema, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho futhi kungenza izimpawu zamehlo zibe zimbi
• Ukudla okuningi kwe-iodine ngokudla noma imithi

Kuthiwa kanjalo, abantu abaningi bathuthukisa uGuquka lweGraves ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-trigger ebonakalayo. Ngezinye izikhathi isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sinquma nje ukungalungi kahle, futhi lokho akuyona into obungayivikela noma uyibikelele.

Nini okumele ubheke udokotela ngeGuquka lweGraves?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziningi ze-hyperthyroidism, ikakhulukazi uma zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi kuze kube izimpawu zibe zimbi ngaphambi kokufuna usizo.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti maduze uma uqaphela ukubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo, noma ukuzamazama. Lezi zimpawu zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho futhi zingase zibonise ukuthi amazinga e-hormone yakho ye-thyroid aphezulu kakhulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa komtholampilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumula okunzima kakhulu, noma umthamo wenhliziyo ophezulu ku-100 beats ngomzuzwana ngenkathi uphumula. Lokhu kungase kube izimpawu ze-thyroid storm, okuyinkinga engavamile kodwa ebucayi edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Uma uqaphela izinguquko embonweni wakho, ubuhlungu bamehlo, noma amehlo akho abonakala ephuma, xhumana nochwepheshe wamehlo noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Izinkinga zamehlo ezivela eGuqukeni lweGraves zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuvimbela ukonakala okungapheli.

Ziyini izici zengozi zokuGuquka kweGraves?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza uhlale ulungile ezimpawini futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lapho kungenzeka. Ezinye izici awukwazi ukuzilawula, kanti ezinye ungazithonya ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila.

Nawa izici eziyinhloko zengozi zokuthuthukisa uGuquka lweGraves:

• Ukuba owesifazane - abesifazane banethuba elingu-7-8 lokuthuthukisa lesi simo kunabesilisa
• Iminyaka phakathi kweminyaka engama-30-50, nakuba ingase ibe khona kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Umbukiso womndeni wesifo se-thyroid noma ezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba
• Ukuba nezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba njenge-Type 1 diabetes noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukubhema, okwanda kabili ingozi yakho futhi kubenza izinkinga zamehlo zibe zimbi
• Amazinga aphezulu engcindezi, kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba
• Ukukhulelwa kwamuva noma ukubeletha phakathi nonyaka odlule
• Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-iodine ngokudla noma imithi

Nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha i-genetics yakho noma ubulili, unganciphisa ezinye izici zengozi. Ukuyeka ukubhema, ukuphatha ingcindezi ngezindlela zokuphila ezinempilo, nokugwema i-iodine eningi kungakusiza ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngeGuquka lweGraves?

Uma kushiywa kungaphathwa, uGuquka lweGraves ungase uholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okufanele kuvimbela izinkinga eziningi zokuthuthukisa.

Izinkinga ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, kuhlanganise izindlela ezingajwayelekile, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nokunyuka kengozi yokushaya
• Amathambo abuthakathaka (i-osteoporosis) ngenxa yokulahleka kwe-calcium
• Izinkinga zamehlo eziqala ekuomilekeni kuya ekuhlukahluken emibonweni noma ukubona okubili
• Ukuhlukahluka kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ama-patches aqinile, abomvu ezinyaweni zakho noma ezinyaweni
• Izinkinga zokuzala nezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Inkinga ebucayi kakhulu kodwa engavamile yi-thyroid storm, lapho amazinga e-hormone akho eba aphezulu kakhulu. Lolu bhubhane lomtholampilo lubangela ukushisa okukhulu, umthamo wenhliziyo osheshayo, ukudideka, futhi kungase kube yingozi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abane-hyperthyroidism.

Ukukhulelwa kungase kube nezithiyo ezikhethekile uma uneGuquka lweGraves. I-hyperthyroidism engalawulwa iyandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa okungaphumeleli, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, nokukhuluka okuncane.

Uguquka lweGraves luphikiswa kanjani?

Ukuqonda uGuquka lweGraves kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene okusebenza ndawonye ukuze kuvezwe isithombe esiphelele somsebenzi we-thyroid yakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngezimpawu zakho nembali yakho yezokwelapha, bese uqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubalulekile kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa amazinga e-hormone yakho ye-thyroid (T3 ne-T4) ne-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). EGuqukeni lweGraves, amazinga akho e-T3 ne-T4 azobe aphezulu kanti i-TSH yakho izobe iphansi kakhulu, njengoba umzimba wakho uzama ukuthambisa i-thyroid ephakeme kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole ama-thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) noma ama-TSH receptor antibodies. La ma-antibodies athile akhona cishe ku-95% lwabantu abaneGuquka lweGraves futhi asisiza ukuhlukaniselana kwamanye ama-causes e-hyperthyroidism.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kokuthatha i-iodine eradioactive, lapho uginya khona inani elincane le-iodine eradioactive bese ukhishwa i-thyroid yakho. EGuqukeni lweGraves, i-thyroid yakho izogwinya i-iodine eningi kunokujwayelekile, ebonakala njengomsebenzi owengeziwe ekuskeneni.

Uma unezimpawu zamehlo, udokotela wakho angase akuthumele ochwepheshe wamehlo ukuze enze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwamehlo, kuhlanganise nokukhenya kwe-CT noma i-MRI ukuhlola imisipha nezinsimbi ezizungezile amehlo akho.

Ukuphathwa kweGuquka lweGraves yini?

Ukuphathwa kweGuquka lweGraves kugxile ekuthambiseni inani le-hormone ye-thyroid umzimba wakho oyikhiqizayo nokuphatha izimpawu zakho. Unezinketho eziningi zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo, futhi udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokususelwa eminyakeni yakho, izimpawu, nezifiso zakho siqu.

Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokwelapha yilezi:

1. Imithi ye-anti-thyroid njenge-methimazole noma i-propylthiouracil, evikela i-thyroid yakho ekwenzeni i-hormone eningi kakhulu
2. Ukwelashwa kwe-radioactive iodine, okuthambisa umsebenzi we-thyroid unomphela ngokubhubhisa amaseli e-thyroid aphezulu kakhulu
3. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid, lapho ingxenye noma yonke i-gland yakho ye-thyroid ikhishwa khona ngokuhlinzwa

Imithi ye-anti-thyroid ivame ukuba yikhetho lokuqala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebancane noma labo abafuna ukulondoloza umsebenzi we-thyroid yabo. Le mithi ivame ukuqala ukusebenza phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, futhi ungase uhlale uyisebenzisa iminyaka engu-1-2 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-radioactive iodine kuyikhetho elivamile kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Kuthathwa njengephilisi noma ulwelo, futhi i-radioactive iodine ihlose ngokuqondile amaseli akho e-thyroid. Abantu abaningi badinga ukwelashwa okukodwa kuphela, kodwa ngokuvamile kuholela e-hypothyroidism kamuva, okudinga ukufakwa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid okuphila konke.

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kunconywe uma une-thyroid enkulu kakhulu, isifo esibucayi samehlo, noma awukwazi ukubekezelela ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kunikeza imiphumela esheshayo kodwa kudinga ukulala ngaphansi kokulala okujwayelekile futhi kuhlanganisa izingozi ezijwayelekile zokuhlinzwa.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi anikeze ama-beta-blockers ukuze akusize ulawule izimpawu ezifana nokubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuzamazama, nokukhathazeka ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwakho okuyinhloko kuthatha imiphumela. Lokhu akwelaphi isimo esiyinhloko kodwa kungakwenza uzizwe ukhululekile kakhulu.

Ungalawula kanjani uGuquka lweGraves ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa komtholampilo kubalulekile, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukuze usekele impilo yakho futhi ulawule izimpawu. Lezi zindlela zokunakekelwa kwakho zihambisana nokuphathwa kwakho okunconywe ukuze zikusize uzizwe kangcono.

Gxilisa ekulawuleni ingcindezi ngoba ingcindezi ingenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi futhi ingase ibe yimbangela yokuvuvukala. Zama izindlela zokupumula ezifana nokuphumula okujulile, ukucamngca, noma i-yoga ebushelelezi. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kungase futhi kusize, kodwa qala kancane ngoba inhliziyo yakho ingase isebenze nzima kunokujwayelekile.

Qaphela ukudla kwakho nezindlela zakho zokudla. Ungase udinga ama-calories amaningi kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yokwanda kokuguqula kwakho, ngakho unganciphisi ukudla kwakho ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma ngokuqondile. Faka ukudla okunama-calcium amaningi ukuze usekele impilo yamathambo, futhi cabanga ngokulinganisela i-caffeine ngoba ingenza ukukhathazeka nokubetha kwenhliziyo kube zimbi.

Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Ukubhema kubenza izinkinga zamehlo zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kokwelapha. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema noma imithi engakusiza.

Ukuze uthole induduzo yamehlo, sebenzisa izinyembezi ezingokwenziwa ukuze ugcine amehlo akho emanzi, gqoka izibuko zokuvikela ekukhanyeni, futhi ulele ngekhanda lakho liphezulu ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwamehlo. Uma une-double vision, i-eye patch noma izibuko ezikhethekile zingase zikusize kuze kube yilapho isimo siphucuka.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphele ukuthi uzizwa kanjani futhi wabelane ngolwazi ngaleyo ndlela neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lokhu libasiza ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka futhi kukunikeze umuzwa wokuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi ungakhohlwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene ne-thyroid yakho.

Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke, amavithamini, kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe ozithathayo, kuhlanganise nezinani. Ezinye imithi kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe zingathinta umsebenzi we-thyroid noma zihlangane nokuphathwa kwe-thyroid, ngakho-ke lolwazi lubalulekile kudokotela wakho.

Lungisa imbali yezokwelapha yomndeni, ikakhulukazi uqaphele noma yibaphi abantu bomndeni abanesifo se-thyroid, izimo zokuziphatha komzimba, noma ezinye izifo ze-endocrine. Lolwazi lwe-genetic lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde izici zakho zengozi futhi ahlele ukulandelela okufanele.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engase ibe ngcono kuwe, yiziphi izingozi ezingase zenzeke, noma uzodinga ukulandelela kangakanani. Unganqikazi ukubuza ngokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo noma nini lapho ungase uqale ukuzizwa kangcono.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni e-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngokuxilongwa kwakho noma izinketho zokwelapha.

Iyini into ebalulekile ngeGuquka lweGraves?

Uguquka lweGraves yisimo esilawuleka esiphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma sibanjwa ngokushesha futhi silawulwa kahle. Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, khumbula ukuthi izigidi zabantu zihlala impilo egcwele, enempilo ngalesi simo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi unamathele ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa kangcono kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni zokuqala kokwelashwa, futhi abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni okuphelele ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ungavumeli uGuquka lweGraves uchaze impilo yakho noma ubeke imingcele emicimbini yakho. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekelwa kwakho, ungaqhubeka uenza imisebenzi oyithandayo futhi ulondoloze ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Hlala uqaphele isimo sakho, kodwa futhi themba ekwelapheni okuqinisekisiwe okukhona ukuze kukusize uzizwe njengoba uqhele ukuba.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngeGuquka lweGraves

Ingabe uGuquka lweGraves ungaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Nakuba ayikho impilo ehlala njalo eyaqinisekisa ukuthi isimo ngeke siphinde sibuye, abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni isikhathi eside ngokwelashwa. Imithi ye-anti-thyroid ingase iholele ekuphumuleni cishe ku-30-50% lwabantu ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2 yokwelashwa. I-radioactive iodine nokuhlinzwa kulawula isimo ngempumelelo kodwa ngokuvamile kudinga ukufakwa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid okuphila konke.

Ngingazuza isisindo ngemuva kokwelashwa kweGuquka lweGraves?

Ukuzuza isisindo okuthile kuvamile njengoba ukuguqula kwakho kubuyela ekujwayelekile futhi ukufisa ukudla kwakho kungase kuhlale kwandise isikhathi esithile. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi uzobe unesisindo esingaphezulu. Abantu abaningi baqina ngesisindo esinempilo ngokudla okufanele nokuzivocavoca. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokuncoma kokudla uma ukhathazekile ngokulawula isisindo sakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngingakhulelwa yini uma ngineGuquka lweGraves?

Yebo, abesifazane abaningi abaneGuquka lweGraves banezindlela zokukhulelwa eziphumelelayo, kodwa kudinga ukuphathwa komtholampilo okucophelelayo. I-hyperthyroidism engalawulwa ingathinta ukubala nokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uthuthukise amazinga akho e-thyroid ngaphambi kokuzamile ukuthola. Ezinye imithi iphephile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunabanye, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kungase kudingeke kulungiswe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuzizwa kangcono ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuqaphela ukuthuthuka ezimpawini ezifana nokubetha kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhathazeka, nokuzamazama phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4 okuqala imithi ye-anti-thyroid. Ukulingana okuphelele kwamazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angu-6-12. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izimpawu ezifana nezinguquko zamehlo noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha zingase zithathe isikhathi eside ukuthuthuka futhi zingase zidinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Ingabe uGuquka lweGraves uyifa?

Uguquka lweGraves lunengxenye ye-genetic, kodwa alulifa ngokuqondile njengombala wamehlo. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni elineGuquka lweGraves noma ezinye izimo zokuziphatha komzimba ze-thyroid kuyandisa ingozi yakho, kodwa abantu abaningi abanezimbali zomndeni abazitholi lesi simo. Izici zemvelo nezimbangela futhi zidlalela indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.