Ukuthi yi-H. pylori? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-H. pylori uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ehlala esiswini sakho futhi ingabangela izihlamba nezinye izinkinga zokugaya. Le bhaktheriya enesimo sesiphephelo ifunde ukuphila endaweni e-acidic yesisu sakho, lapho ezinye izinzalo zingaphili khona.

Ungamangala ukwazi ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni jikelele baye bathole ibhaktheriya ye-H. pylori eziswini zabo. Abantu abaningi bayinayo ngaphandle kokwazi, ngoba ayibangeli izimpawu njalo. Kodwa-ke, uma i-H. pylori ibingela izinkinga, ingabangela ubuhlungu besisu, izihlamba, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, izimo ezingathi sína.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-H. pylori?

Abantu abaningi abane-H. pylori ababonisi zimpawu nhlobo. Umuthi wakho ungatwala lezi bhaktheriya iminyaka ngaphandle kokuba uzizwe ugula noma ungakhululekile.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibonisa ukuthi i-H. pylori ingase ibingela izinkinga esiswini sakho:

• Ubuhlungu obuvuthayo noma obuqina esiswini sakho esiphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma isisu sakho silithile
• Ubuhlungu obuphulukayo ngemuva kokudla noma ukuthatha ama-antacids
• Ukukhukhumela nokuba sesiswini ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla
• Ukuphefumula noma ukugabha okungahleliwe
• Ukwehluleka kokudla noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungahleliwe
• Ukugabha noma ukukhipha umoya njalo

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuza nokuhamba, okwenza kube nzima ukuzihlanganisa ne-H. pylori. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buzwakala njengokuhlunguluka okungathí sína kunokuba yisihlungu esibukhali, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kokudla noma ebusuku uma isisu sakho silithile.

Kwezinye izimo, i-H. pylori ingabangela izimpawu ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Qaphela izimpawu zezexwayiso ezifana nobuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ukugabha igazi, izisu ezimnyama noma ezimnyama, noma ukuhlupheka ukugwinya. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa izinkinga ezifana nezihlamba eziphuma igazi.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori?

I-H. pylori yasakazeka kubantu, ngokuvamile ebuntwaneni. Indlela eqondile yokusakazeka ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwenzeka ngokuthintana eduze nabantu abatheleleke.

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ongathola ngazo i-H. pylori zihlanganisa ukuxhumana nesiwiti, ukugabha, noma izisu zomuntu othelelekile. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngokusuthisana, ukwabelana ngezitsha, noma ukungagezi izandla kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela. Ukudla namanzi angcolile nawo angasakaza ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingcolile.

Uma i-H. pylori ingena emzimbeni wakho, ihamba ekuqaleni kwesisu sakho. Ibhaktheriya ikhiqiza i-enzyme ebizwa nge-urease, esiza ukulinganisa i-acid yesisu eduze kwayo. Lokhu kudala indawo ephephile lapho ibhaktheriya ingazala khona futhi yenze ukutheleleka isikhathi eside.

Ukuphila ezimeni ezikhukhumele noma ezindaweni ezinawo amanzi acocekile okuthembekile kukhulisa ingozi yakho yokubekwa engcupheni. Noma kunjalo, ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kungenzeka kunoma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, indlela yokuphila, noma isimo sezomnotho.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-H. pylori?

Kufanele ucabange ukubona udokotela wakho uma unebuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo noma ukungakhululeki okuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Nakuba ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okungahleliwe kuyinto evamile, izimpawu zokugaya ezilandelayo zifanele ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besisu obuvuthayo obuvela njalo, ikakhulukazi uma buvela uma isisu sakho silithile noma ebusuku. Funa ukunakekelwa futhi uma uqaphela ukuthi ama-antacids anikeza impumuzo yesikhashana kuphela, noma uma ulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzimisela.

Ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi akufanele zilinde i-aphoyintimenti evamile. Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uhambe e-emergency room uma unebuhlungu besisu obukhulu, ugabha igazi noma into ebukeka njengezicucu zekofi, udlulise izisu ezimnyama noma ezigcwele igazi, noma uzizwe uthambile noma ukhukhumele kanye nobuhlungu besisu.

Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zingenamsebenzi. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kwe-H. pylori kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kukusize uzizwe ukhulu ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimbangela zengozi ze-H. pylori?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho.

Isimo sakho sokuphila nendawo yobudala bakho kudlala indima ebalulekile engcupheni ye-H. pylori. Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezenza ukutheleleka kube lula:

• Ukuphila ezimeni ezikhukhumele nabantu abaningi abasondelene
• Ukukhula ezindaweni ezingcolile noma ezinawo amanzi acocekile okuthembekile
• Ukuphila nomuntu onokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori
• Ukuzalwa noma ukuya emazweni asathuthuka lapho i-H. pylori ivame kakhulu khona
• Ukutheleleka njengengane, lapho uhlelo lokulwa nezifo lusathuthuka khona

Ubudala nawo bubalulekile uma kuziwa engcupheni ye-H. pylori. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwenzeka ebuntwaneni, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10. Izingane zivame ukubamba i-H. pylori ngoba izinhlelo zazo zokulwa nezifo zisafunda ukulwa nebhaktheriya, futhi ngokuvamile zithintana eduze namalungu omndeni.

Isiko lakho nesizukulwane sakho singathinta ingozi yakho futhi. Abanye abantu banezinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezici ze-genetic noma izimo ezifanayo zokujikeleza. Noma kunjalo, noma ubani angathuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kungakhathaliseki isizinda sakhe.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-H. pylori?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-H. pylori abazange bathuthukise izinkinga ezingathi sína, ibhaktheriya ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezithinta impilo yakho yokugaya. Izinkinga eziningi zithuthuka kancane ngeminyaka eminingi yokutheleleka okungaphathwe.

Inkinga evamile kakhulu yisifo se-peptic ulcer, esithinta cishe i-10-15% yabantu abane-H. pylori. Lezi ziyizilonda eziqhelile ezithuthukela ekuqaleni kwesisu sakho noma engxenyeni ephezulu yesisu sakho esincane. Izihlamba zingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi zingase ziphume igazi uma zingaphathwa.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingase zivele ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori isikhathi eside:

• Izihlamba zesisu ezibangela ubuhlungu, ukuphuma igazi, noma ukuqhekeka
• Izihlamba ze-duodenal engxenyeni yokuqala yesisu sakho esincane
• I-gastritis ehlala njalo, okuwukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwesisu sakho
• Ukwehluleka kwe-iron anemia ngenxa yokopha kancane, okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphazamiseka kokukhishwa kwesisu ngenxa ye-scar tissue

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori isikhathi eside kungabangela umdlavuza wesisu. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abatheleleke futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukuthuthuka. Ibhaktheriya ingase futhi ingabangeli uhlobo lwe-lymphoma elibizwa nge-MALT lymphoma, elithinta amaseli okulwa nezifo ekuqaleni kwesisu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa lezi zinkinga. Abantu abaningi abamukela ukwelashwa okufanele bayaphila ngokuphelele futhi ababonisi izinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kungavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kugxile emikhweni emihle yokuhlanzeka nokugwema ukudalulwa ebhaktheriya. Nakuba ungakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele ingozi yakho, izinyathelo ezilula zinganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka.

Iqhinga eliphumelelayo kakhulu lokuvimbela ukugeza izandla ngesepha namanzi. Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokudla, ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela, nangemuva kokuxhumana nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingcolile. Lo mkhuba olula ungavimbela izinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka, kufaka phakathi i-H. pylori.

Ukuphepha kokudla namanzi nawo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimeleni. Phuza amanzi avela emithonjeni ethembekile, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ezindaweni ezingcolile. Gwema ukudla okunqunu noma okuphekwe kabi okuvela emithonjeni engathí sína, futhi khetha izindawo zokudlela ezinezinga elihle lokuhlanzeka.

Qaphela ukuxhumana eduze nabantu abane-H. pylori ephakathi. Nakuba awudingi ukugwema amalungu omndeni athelekile, qaphela kakhulu ngokuhlanzeka eduze kwabo. Ungabelani ngezitsha, izinkomishi, noma izinto zomuntu siqu ezingase zibe nesiwiti.

I-H. pylori ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuhlukene okungathola ibhaktheriya emzimbeni wakho. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukuhlolwa okuhle kakhulu ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nemithi oyithathayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu kokuxilongwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwezisu, nokuhlolwa komoya. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka ama-antibodies ahlelwe yi-immune system yakho uma ilwa ne-H. pylori. Ukuhlolwa kwezisu kungathola ibhaktheriya ye-H. pylori noma amaprotheni ngqo ezintweni zakho.

Ukuhlolwa komoya we-urea kuvame ukubhekwa njengendlela eqondile kakhulu kubantu abangathathi imithi ethile. Uzothola isisombululo esikhethekile esina-urea, bese uphefumula esikhwameni. Uma i-H. pylori ikhona, ibhaktheriya izophula i-urea futhi ikhiqize i-carbon dioxide ebonakala ephefumulweni lakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase acele i-endoscopy, ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu ezikhathazayo ezifana nokuphuma igazi noma ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ngalesi senzo, ithubi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elina-khamera lifakeka emlonyeni wakho ukuhlola ikuqala kwesisu sakho ngqo. Izingcezu ezincane zethishu zingatholwa ukuhlolwa.

Udokotela wakho uzobuza futhi ngezimpawu zakho, umlando womndeni, nanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathayo. Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi ama-proton pump inhibitors nama-antibiotics, ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi ingase idingeke ukuthi iyeke ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ukuphathwa kwe-H. pylori kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-H. pylori ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuxuba kwama-antibiotics nemithi yokunciphisa i-acid ethathwe izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-triple noma i-quadruple therapy, iyasiza ukususa ibhaktheriya ngenkathi ivumela ukuqala kwesisu sakho ukuba siphulukiswe.

Ukuphathwa okuvamile kakhulu kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics amabili ne-proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Ama-antibiotics abulala ibhaktheriya ye-H. pylori, ngenkathi i-PPI inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid yesisu, idala indawo engcono yokwelapha nokwenza ama-antibiotics abe nempumelelo.

Udokotela wakho angase alayishe enye yalezi zixuba zokwelapha ezivamile:

• I-Amoxicillin ne-clarithromycin nge-proton pump inhibitor
• I-Metronidazole ne-clarithromycin nge-proton pump inhibitor
• I-Bismuth subsalicylate ne-metronidazole ne-tetracycline, kanye ne-PPI
• I-Sequential therapy nama-antibiotics ahlukene athathwe ngokulandelana okuthile

Ukuthatha imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kulayishiwe kubalulekile ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo. Ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ukhulu, qeda yonke inkambo yama-antibiotics. Ukumisa ngokushesha kungavumela ibhaktheriya emele ukuba ikhona futhi kwenze ukwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo kube nzima.

Imiphumela emibi evela ekwelapheni kwe-H. pylori ngokuvamile iyincane futhi iyaphela. Ungase uhlangabezane nokuphefumula, isifo sohudo, ukunambitha okufana nentsimbi, noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziphulukana uma uqeda inkambo yemithi.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-H. pylori?

Ngesikhathi uthatha imithi yakho eyalwe yi-doctor, amasu amaningi okunakekelwa ekhaya angakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi asekele ukubuyela kwakho. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwakho kwezokwelapha, hhayi njengokushintshwa kwakho.

Ukudla okuncane, ukudla okuvamile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwesisu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukudla okukhulu kungandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid yesisu futhi kunciphise izimpawu. Zama ukudla ukudla okuncane okuyi-5 noma okuyi-6 usuku lonke esikhundleni sokuthi kube yizintathu ezinkulu.

Gwema ukudla neziphuzo ezingacasula ikuqala kwesisu sakho ngesikhathi uphulukiswa. Ukudla okunoshukela, izithelo ze-citrus, amatamatisi, i-chocolate, neziphuzo ezinokafini zingandisa i-acid yesisu futhi zenzima izimpawu. U-Alcohol nawo kufanele ugwenywe, ikakhulukazi ngoba ungase uhlanganise nama-antibiotics amanye.

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi yemithi kungakusiza uqede ukwelashwa kwakho ngempumelelo. Thatha imithi yakho ngokudla ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngokuqondile. Ama-probiotics angasiza ukuvimbela isifo sohudo esihlobene nama-antibiotics, kodwa buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiziphi izongezo.

Amasu okuphatha ukucindezeleka afana nokuphefumula okujulile, ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, noma ukucamngca angasekele ukwelashwa kwakho konke. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya futhi kunciphisa ukubuyela.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuqondile nokuphathwa okufanele. Ukulungiselela okuhle nawo kusiza ukukhumbula imininingwane ebalulekile nokubuza imibuzo efanele.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu okungenani isonto ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zivele nini, zizizwa kanjani, zihlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi. Qaphela noma iyiphi i-connection phakathi kwezimpawu nokudla, ukucindezeleka, noma imithi.

Yenza uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwelayisensi, amavithamini, nezongezo. Eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-H. pylori noma ihlangane nemithi yokwelapha.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo yokubuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukubuza ngokuqondile kokuhlolwa, izinketho zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi, kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho.

Letha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ukhohlwe imininingwane ebalulekile. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ukuthi udokotela uthini futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-H. pylori?

I-H. pylori ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-bacterial okuningi abantu abanakho ngaphandle kokwazi. Nakuba ingabangela izihlamba zesisu nezinye izinkinga zokugaya, ukutheleleka okuningi kulula ukwelashwa uma kuxilongwe kahle.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-H. pylori iphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma itholwe ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu zesisu eziqhubekayo, ungazideli noma ucabange ukuthi ziyophela zodwa. Ukuhlolwa okulula kungabona ukuthi i-H. pylori iyimbangela.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele kwama-antibiotics, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ekuthelelekeni kwe-H. pylori. Ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokuqondile njengoba kulayishiwe kukuhlinzeka ngamathuba amahle okuqeda ibhaktheriya nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka, ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla ngokuphelele, ihlala iyilwimi lakho elihle kakhulu lokuvikela ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori. Nakuba ungakwazi ukulawula zonke izici zengozi, lezi zinyathelo ezilula zinganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-H. pylori

Ingabuya yini i-H. pylori ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Ukutheleleka kabusha nge-H. pylori kungenzeka kodwa akukuvamile emazweni asathuthuka. Abantu abaningi abaqeda ukwelashwa kwabo kwama-antibiotics ngempumelelo basusa ibhaktheriya unomphela. Noma kunjalo, ungase uthole ukutheleleka kabusha uma ubekelwe engcupheni ye-H. pylori futhi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingcolile noma uma uhlala nomuntu onokutheleleka okusebenzayo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuzizwa ukhulu ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-H. pylori?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa ukhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala kokwelashwa, kodwa ukwelashwa okuphelele kuthatha isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zesisu ngokuvamile ziphulukana phakathi kweviki eli-1-2, ngenkathi izihlamba zingase zithathe amaviki amaningana ukuze ziphulukiswe ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzakuhlola amaviki angu-4-6 ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhaktheriya isiphelile.

Ungasakaza yini i-H. pylori kwabanye ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ungase ube usatholwa izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa kwama-antibiotics. Ibhaktheriya iba ngaphansi kakhulu ukusakazeka njengoba ama-antibiotics esebenza. Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukugeza izandla njalo nokungaabelani ngezitsha noma iziphuzo, ukuvikela amalungu omndeni wakho.

Wonke umuntu onale H. pylori udinga ukwelashwa?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onale H. pylori odinga ukwelashwa. Abantu abaningi batwala ibhaktheriya ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma izinkinga. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kunconywa uma unezimpawu, izihlamba, umlando womdlavuza wesisu emndenini wakho, noma uma uthatha imithi eyenyusa ingozi yokopha.

Ingathinta yini i-H. pylori izingane ngendlela ehlukile kunabantu abadala?

Izingane ezine-H. pylori ngokuvamile zinezimpawu ezimbalwa kunabantu abadala futhi zingase zibone kuphela ukungakhululeki kwesisu noma ukungabi nendlala. Noma kunjalo, ukutheleleka ebuntwaneni kungabangela izinkinga kamuva ekuphileni, ngakho ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kunconywa uma i-H. pylori itholakala ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi uma zinezimpawu.