Ulukwazi mayelana ne-Hairy Cell Leukemia: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Hairy cell leukemia uhlobo oluyimfihlo lomdlavuza wegazi oluthinta ama-B-lymphocytes akho, okuyizicubu ezimhlophe zegazi ezisiza ekuqedeni ukutheleleka. Igama livela endleleni lezi zicubu ezingavamile ezibukeka ngayo ngaphansi komkhiqizo - zinamaphethini amancane afana nezinwele avela ebusweni bazo.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza olukhula kancane luthinta ikakhulu abadala abasebasenkulwini ephakathi, ngamadoda eba ngaphezulu kanekazi ngokuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Nakuba igama elithi "leukemia" lingase libe yinto ebangela ukwesaba, i-hairy cell leukemia ivame ukukhula kancane kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okuqondile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hairy cell leukemia?

Abantu abaningi abane-hairy cell leukemia ababonisi izimpawu ekuqaleni ngoba lo mdlavuza ukhula kancane kancane. Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuba zimbi futhi zingase zibe njengokuthi uqeda amandla noma ulwa nokuthanda okuqhubekayo.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa ukuzizwa udiniwe noma ubuthakathaka, ngisho noma uthole ukuphumula okwanele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izicubu ezingavamile ziqeda izicubu zegazi ezisempilweni ezithwala i-oksijini kulo lonke umzimba wakho.

Nawa izimpawu ezivame ukuvela njengoba isimo siqhubeka:

• Ukuqeda amandla nobuthakathaka obuqhubekayo obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuqeda amandla nokuthanda okuqhubekayo okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa
• Ukuqhaqhazela kalula noma ukuphuza igazi, kuhlanganise nokuphuza igazi ekhaleni noma emazinyweni
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha uma udle noma ukungakhululeki esiswini
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki
• Ukuphefumula kancane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ama-lymph nodes awokhayo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngemuva kokudla okuncane kwenzeka ngoba ispleen yakho ingase ikhule njengoba izama ukuhlunga izicubu ezingavamile. Abanye abantu bayichaza njengokuzwa sengathi banomuzwa olukhulu ngakwesobunxele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi, eziningi zazo zivame kakhulu futhi azibi kakhulu kunes-hairy cell leukemia. Noma kunjalo, uma uhlangabezana nezinye zalezi zimpawu ngokuqhubekayo, kuhlale kuqondile ukuhlola nodokotela wakho.

Yini ebangela i-hairy cell leukemia?

Imbangela eqondile ye-hairy cell leukemia ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto ezibalulekile ezifaka isandla ekukhuleni kwayo. Njengomdlavuza eminingi, kubonakala sengathi ivela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinguquko ze-genetic eziyenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuba yinto oyithola kubazali bakho.

Osayensi baye bathola ukuthi cishe bonke abantu abane-hairy cell leukemia bane-genetic mutation ethile ebizwa nge-BRAF V600E. Le mutation ibangela ama-B-lymphocytes ukuba azale ngokungapheli futhi aphile isikhathi eside kunokuba kufanele, okubangela ukuqoqwa kwalezi zicubu ezingavamile "ezinwele".

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-hairy cell leukemia ayibonakali ihlobene nezinto zokuphila njengokubhema, ukudla, noma ukubhekana nezinto ezikhemikhali. Ayithatheki, futhi awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu noma uyidlulisele kulabo abaseduze nawe.

I-mutation ebangela lesi simo ibonakala iyenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuphila komuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile ayikho into obungayenza ngokuhlukile ukuvimbela ukuba ivela.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngezimpawu ze-hairy cell leukemia?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma uhlangabezana nokuqeda amandla okuqhubekayo, ukuqeda amandla okuqhubekayo, noma ukuphuza igazi okungavamile okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zibangelwa izimo ezivamile, kubalulekile ukuzihlola.

Gcina amehlo akho avulekile uma uqaphela izimpawu eziningi ezivela ndawonye, ikakhulu uma zikuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, uma uzizwa udiniwe kakhulu futhi uthola izifo eziningi kunokujwayelekile, noma uma uqhaqhazela kalula kanye nokuzizwa uphefumula kancane.

Ungalindi uma uthola izimpawu ezithinta njengokuqeda amandla okukhulu okungaphuli ngokuphumula, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, noma ukutheleleka okubonakala kuhlala isikhathi eside kunokuba kufanele. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni lesi simo ngokuphumelelayo.

Khumbula, udokotela wakho ulapho ukuze akusize uthole ukuthi kwenzekani. Bangenza izivivinyo zegazi ezilula ezinganikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nempilo yakho jikelele nokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi ye-hairy cell leukemia?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi kungasiza ekuqondeni lesi simo, nakuba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi akusho ukuthi uzophuthuma i-hairy cell leukemia. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi abaphuthumi lesi simo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu engase ikhulise ingozi ukuba yindoda futhi usebasenkulwini ephakathi. Cishe u-80% wabantu abatholwe benes-hairy cell leukemia ngamadoda, futhi iminyaka yeminyaka yokuqala iyisikhathi esiphakathi kwa-50 kuya ku-55. Noma kunjalo, ingase ivela ngezinye izikhathi kubantu abadala abancane noma asebekhulile.

Nawa amaphuzu aphambili angase akhulise ingozi yakho:

• Ukuba yindoda (inethuba elingaphezulu kanekazi)
• Iminyaka phakathi kwa-40 no-60
• Ukuba ngumJuda wase-Ashkenazi (ingozi encane ephakeme)
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wegazi (uxhumano oluyimfihlo kakhulu)

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-hairy cell leukemia ayibonakali ihlobene nezinto zezimo ezingaphandle, ukwelashwa komdlavuza wangaphambili, noma izinqumo zokuphila. Lokhu kungase kube okududuzayo ngoba kusho ukuthi cishe akukho lutho obungalwenza ukuze uyivimbele.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi i-hairy cell leukemia iyimfihlo kakhulu, ithinta kuphela cishe abantu ababili ku-100,000. Ngisho noma unezinto eziningi ezingase zikhulise ingozi, amathuba akho okuthola lesi simo ahlala mancane kakhulu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona ze-hairy cell leukemia?

Izinhlanganisela eziningi ze-hairy cell leukemia zikhula kancane kancane futhi zingalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukuthi izicubu ezingavamile ziqeda izicubu zegazi ezisempilweni, okungathinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nokutheleleka nokulawula ukuphuza igazi.

Inhlanganisela evame kakhulu ingozi ephakeme yokutheleleka ngoba awunazo izicubu ezimhlophe zegazi ezisempilweni ezanele ukuze zikuvimbele. Lezi zifo zingase zithathe isikhathi eside ukuze zicishe noma zingase zibe nzima kunokujwayelekile.

Nawa izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona okufanele uzazi:

• Ukuqeda amandla okuqhubekayo noma okukhulu ngenxa yokuncane kwezinto ezimhlophe zegazi
• Ukuqhaqhazela kalula noma ukuphuza igazi ngenxa yokuncane kwamapuleti
• I-Anemia ebangela ukuqeda amandla nokuphefumula kancane
• I-Spleen ewokhayo engase ibe yimbangela yokungakhululeki esiswini
• Ukulimala komgogodla (i-fibrosis) ezimweni ezingavamile
• Umdlavuza wesibili, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

I-spleen ewokhayo ivame kakhulu futhi kwenzeka ngoba leli lungu lomzimba lisebenza kakhulu lizama ukuhlunga izicubu ezingavamile. Nakuba lokhu kungase kube yimbangela yokungakhululeki, ngokuvamile kuphulukana kakhulu ngokwelashwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa kwamanje, izinhlanganisela ezinzima ziyaqala ukuba zimfihlo. Abantu abaningi abane-hairy cell leukemia bangalindela ukuphila isikhathi eside esivamile uma isimo sabo silawulwa kahle yiqembu labo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

I-hairy cell leukemia ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-hairy cell leukemia ngokuvamile kuqala ngezivivinyo zegazi ezibonisa imiphumela engavamile, njengokuncane kwezinto zegazi noma ukuba khona kwezicubu ezibukeka ngokungavamile. Udokotela wakho angase a-ode lezi zihloko uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu noma njengengxenye yokuhlola impilo evamile.

Isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhlonishwa sihilela ukuhlola izicubu zegazi nezamgogodla wakho ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Ochwepheshe abafundisiwe bangakwazi ukuqaphela ukubonakala okungavamile "okunwele" kwalezi zicubu ezingavamile ze-B-lymphocytes, okuyindlela isimo esithola ngayo igama.

Nawa okuhilelekile inqubo yokuhlola:

1. Ukuhlunga okuphelele kwegazi (CBC) ukuhlola zonke izinto zegazi
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-blood smear ukuhlola ukuma nobukhulu bezicubu
3. I-Flow cytometry ukuqaphela ama-cell markers athile
4. I-Bone marrow biopsy ukuhlola izinhlobo nezibalo zezicubu
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuhlola i-BRAF mutation
6. I-CT scan ukuhlola amalungu awokhayo

I-bone marrow biopsy ingase ibe yinto ebangela ukukhathazeka, kodwa ngokuvamile yenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwabaphethwe ngaphandle kokulala ngokuphelele. Abantu abaningi bayichaza njengokungakhululeki kunokuba buhlungu, futhi inikeza ulwazi oluwusizo ekuhleleni ukwelashwa kwakho.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto uma zonke izivivinyo seziphelile. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokukhamba ngesinyathelo ngasinye futhi likuchazele ukuthi lifunani, ukuze uqonde ngokuphelele ukuthi kwenzekani kulo lonke inqubo.

Ukuphathwa kwe-hairy cell leukemia kunjani?

Ukuphathwa kwe-hairy cell leukemia kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni okuphelele ngezindlela zokwelapha ezilula. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo sivame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ngisho noma ngokuvamile singaphuli ngokuphelele.

Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma izibalo zegazi zakho ziqondile futhi awuhlangabezani nezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukubuka ngokucophelela esikhundleni sokwelashwa okusheshayo. Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukubuka nokulinda," ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngaphandle uma kuba yidingeka.

Uma ukwelashwa kudingeka, izinketho ezivamile neziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

• I-Cladribine (2-CdA) - umuthi we-chemotherapy onikezwa nge-IV noma ukujova
• I-Pentostatin - enye indlela ye-chemotherapy enomphumela ofanayo
• I-Rituximab - ukwelashwa okuqondiswe okuhlasele ama-cell markers athile
• I-Interferon alpha - isebenza kancane kodwa isasebenza kubantu abanye
• Abahluli be-BRAF - imithi emisha eqondiswe ezimweni ezinzima
• Ukususwa kwe-spleen (splenectomy) - kudingeka kancane kodwa kungasiza abantu abanye

I-Cladribine ngokuvamile ithathelwa ingqondo njengokwelashwa okuyisisekelo ngoba kuholela ekuphumuleni okuphelele cishe ku-85% yabantu ngemuva kokwelashwa okukodwa kuphela. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukugeleza kwansuku zonke izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, futhi abantu abaningi bayakuhlupheka kahle.

Uma umdlavuza ubuyela ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, okungase kwenzeke eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ukwelashwa okufanayo kuvame ukusebenza futhi. Abantu abaningi baqhubeka besebenzisa imijikelezo yokwelashwa nokuphumula, bephila impilo evamile, esebenzayo phakathi kokwelashwa.

Ungayilawula kanjani i-hairy cell leukemia ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa kwe-hairy cell leukemia ekhaya kugxile ekusekeleni impilo yakho jikelele nokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Njengoba lesi simo sithinta i-immune system yakho, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka kuba yinto ebalulekile.

Ukudla ukudla okuqondile okugcwele izithelo, imifino, namaprotheni ahlanzekile kungasiza ekuqinisiseni i-immune system yakho namandla akho. Awudingi ukulandela noma iyiphi i-diet ekhethekile, kodwa ukugxila ekudleni okunomsoco kungakusiza uzizwe kahle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokuphulukisa.

Nawa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha ukuze usekele impilo yakho:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi ngokuphelele
• Gwema izixuku ngesikhathi sesizini ye-cold ne-flu
• Thola ukugonywa okusikisela (kodwa gwema ukugonywa okuphilayo)
• Hlala uthambile futhi udle ukudla okunomsoco
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka
• Zivocavoca kancane njengoba ubekezelela
• Hlola izimpawu zokutheleleka futhi uzibekezele ngokushesha

Gcina amehlo akho avulekile emazingeni akho amandla futhi ungazicinisi kakhulu ezinsukwini lapho uzizwa udiniwe. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi imisebenzi elula njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma i-yoga kuyasiza ekuqinisiseni amandla abo nengqondo ngaphandle kokukhathaza isimo sabo.

Gcina ulandelela noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko endleleni ozizwa ngayo, futhi ungangabazi ukuthintana nodokotela wakho ngemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Bangathanda ukukuzwa ngento encane kunokuba ulinde kuze kube yilapho inkinga ibe nzima kakhulu.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza ukwenza kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola yonke imibuzo yakho iphendulwe. Cabanga ukubhala izimpawu zakho, lapho zaqala khona, nokuthi yini ezibenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathatha, kuhlanganise nezinto ezingaphezulu kokuthengwa. Buye uqoqe noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo afanele, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yezivivinyo zegazi ezidlule uma unayo.

Nawa okumele ulungiselele ngaphambi kokuya kwakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu zakho nokuthi zenzeka nini
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi kuhlanganise nezinga
• Umlando womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imidlavuza yegazi
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza
• Amakhadi yomshuwalense nokuhlonza
• Umncintiswano othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni lokusekela

Eminye imibuzo ebalulekile ongafuna ukuyibuza ihlanganisa ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo, ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini, yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezikhona, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngokuqhubeka. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukuthi uqonde isimo sakho ngokuphelele.

Cabanga ukuletha umuntu nawe e-appointment. Ukuba nomuntu omunye ongahlala nawe kungasiza uma uthola ulwazi oluningi olusha, futhi bangakunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sizizwe singaphezu kwamandla.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-hairy cell leukemia?

I-Hairy cell leukemia uhlobo oluyimfihlo kodwa oluphulukiswayo lomdlavuza wegazi oluvame ukukhula kancane futhi luphendula kahle ekwelapheni kwamanje. Nakuba ukuthola noma yiluphi uxilongo lomdlavuza kungase kube yinto ebangela ukwesaba, lesi simo esithile sinomunye wemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokwelashwa phakathi komdlavuza wegazi.

Abantu abaningi abane-hairy cell leukemia bangalindela ukuphila isikhathi eside esivamile ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile. Ukwelashwa okukhona namuhla kuphumelela kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi bafinyelela ezikhathini ezinde zokuphumula ngemuva kokwelashwa okukodwa kuphela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo linekhono elikhulu lokwelapha lesi simo, futhi kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okukhona. Abantu abaningi abane-hairy cell leukemia baqhubeka besebenza, behamba, futhi bajabulela imisebenzi yabo evamile ngokuphazamiseka okuncane empilweni yabo.

Gxila ekuthatheni izinto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lokusekela, futhi ugcine ukuxhumana okuvulekile neqembu lakho lezokwelapha. Ngokunakekelwa okuqondile nokuqapha, kunesizathu sokujabula ngempilo yakho yesikhathi esizayo nekhwalithi yempilo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-hairy cell leukemia

Ingabe i-hairy cell leukemia iyefa?

I-Hairy cell leukemia ngokuvamile ayitholwa kubazali bakho. Nakuba kungase kube khona ingozi encane ephakeme uma unezilwane zomndeni ezine-blood cancers, iningi lezimbangela zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngenxa yezinguquko ze-genetic eziyenzeka phakathi nokuphila komuntu. Awukwazi ukudlulisela lesi simo kubantwana bakho nge-genes zakho.

Ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani une-hairy cell leukemia?

Abantu abaningi abane-hairy cell leukemia banesikhathi eside sokuphila esivamile noma esiseduze nesivamile uma belashwa kahle. Lesi simo siqhubeka kancane, futhi ukwelashwa kwamanje kuphumelela kakhulu. Abantu abaningi baphila amashumi eminyaka ngemuva kokuxilongwa, futhi abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa okukodwa kuphela ukuze bafinyelele ekuphumuleni okuphelele okuphela iminyaka eminingi.

Ingabe i-hairy cell leukemia ingaphuli ngokuphelele?

Nakuba i-hairy cell leukemia ngokuvamile ingaphuli ngokuphelele, ingalawulwa kahle isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni okuphelele ngokwelashwa, okusho ukuthi azikho izicubu ezingavamile ezingatholakala egazini labo noma emgogodleni wabo. Ngisho noma isimo sibuyela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngokuvamile siphendula kahle ekwelapheni okufanayo futhi.

Kusho ukuthini ukuphumula nge-hairy cell leukemia?

Ukuphumula kusho ukuthi izibalo zegazi zakho zibuyele emazingeni avamile futhi izicubu ezingavamile ezinwele azisalitholi egazini lakho noma emgogodleni wakho. Ukuphumula okuphelele akusho ukuthi uphelile, kodwa kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaphumelela kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bahlala bephumule iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Ingabe kukhona imikhawulo yokudla nge-hairy cell leukemia?

Ayikho imikhawulo ekhethekile yokudla ye-hairy cell leukemia ngokwayo. Noma kunjalo, uma inani lezinto ezimhlophe zegazi liphansi, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukugwema ukudla okunqunu noma okuphekwe okungaphansi okungase kukhulise ingozi yokutheleleka. Gxila ekudleni ukudla okuqondile, okunomsoco ukuze usekele impilo yakho jikelele ne-immune system yakho. Hlala ukhuluma nganoma yimiphi imibuzo yokudla neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.