Ukuqondwa kwe-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) iwumkhuhlane olukhulu olutholakala kancane oluthinta amaphaphu, olubangelwa ukuphefumula izinhlayiya ezingcolile yi-hantavirus. Lo mkhuba uthwalwa ikakhulukazi izimouse ze-deer nezinye izilwane ezincane eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.

Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda i-HPS kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezilula zokuzivimbela wena nomndeni wakho. Isimo sithuthuka lapho izinhlayiya ezincane ze-virus ziqala ukuphefumuleka emathunjini, emathunjini, noma ezintweni zokwakha izindlu zezilwane ezincane ezingcolile bese zingeniswa emaphaphwini akho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Izimpawu ze-HPS zivame ukuvela ezigabeni ezimbili ezahlukene, ziqale emavikini angu-1 kuya kwangu-8 ngemuva kokubekwa engcupheni ye-virus. Isigaba sokuqala sivame ukuzwakala njengokugula okukhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuqaphela ekuqaleni.

Phakathi nesigaba sokuqala, ungase uhlangabezane nalezi zimpawu ezivamile ezingaqhubeka izinsuku eziningi:

• Ukuqina komkhuhlane (ngokuvamile ngaphezulu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha, ikakhulukazi emhlane, emagxalabeni, nasemadolweni
• Izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima ezingaphenduli kahle ezikhipha ubuhlungu eziqhelile
• Ukuthandaza nokukhipha ukushisa
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, nobuhlungu besisu
• Ukukhathazeka nokuqina okukhathazayo

Isigaba sesibili sithuthuka ngokungazelelwe futhi sihilela izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingama-4 kuya kwezingu-10 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zokuqala ziqale, futhi lapho isimo sibe yingozi eyingozi.

Isigaba sokuphefumula siletha lezi zimpawu ezikhathazayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha:

• Ukuphefumula okufushane okungazelelwe okuya kubi ngokushesha
• Ukuhlanza okwomile okungase kukhiqize ukhukhu oluyimbalwa noma alukho nhlobo
• Ukubuthana kwamanzi emaphaphwini akho, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu
• Izinga lokugijima lenhliziyo njengoba umzimba wakho ulwa ukuthola oksijini eyanele
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphansi olungabangela ukushoki

Okwenza i-HPS ibe yingozi kakhulu ukuthi izinkinga zokuphefumula zingathuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile ngokulinganayo ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqala esifana ne-flu, kuphela ukuhlangabezana nobunzima bokuphefumula obukhulu emahoreni ambalwa.

Yini ebangela i-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

I-HPS ibangelwa izinhlobo eziningi ze-hantavirus, i-Sin Nombre virus iyingozi evamile e-United States. Lezi zifo zihlala ngokwemvelo ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezilwane ezincane ngaphandle kokugula izilwane.

Abathwali abakhulu be-hantavirus bahlanganisa izimouse ze-deer, ezitholakala eNyakatho Melika yonke. Abanye abathwali bezilwane ezincane bahluka ngendawo, kodwa bangase bahlanganise izimouse ze-cotton, izimouse ze-rice, nezilwane ezincane ezinezinyawo ezimhlophe.

Ungatheleleka ngezindlela eziningi, nakuba ukuxhumana ngqo nezilwane ezincane akudingeki:

• Ukuphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli ezingcolile ngamathambo, umchamo, noma umhlumelo wezilwane ezincane
• Ukubamba izinto ezingcolile bese ubamba umlomo wakho, impumulo, noma amehlo
• Ukukhonjwa yisilwane esincane esingcolile (nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu)
• Ukudla ukudla okungcolile yizilwane ezincane ezingcolile

I-virus iqala ukuphefumuleka lapho imfucuza yemfucuza yomchamo wezilwane ezincane ihlupheka ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ukuhambisa izinto eziyigcinwe, noma ukulungisa izindawo lapho izilwane ezincane zihlala khona. Kungakho izifo ezithile zivame ukuvela lapho abantu behlanza izindlu, izindlu, noma izindawo zokugcina izinto ezingasetshenziswanga isikhathi eside.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-HPS ayikwazi ukusabalala kumuntu komunye eNyakatho Melika, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-hantavirus ezitholakala kwezinye izingxenye zezwe. Awukwazi nokuyithola ezilwaneni zasekhaya njengekati, izinja, noma ezinye izilwane zasekhaya.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-flu zingakapheli amaviki angu-6 kokubekwa engcupheni yezilwane ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezisehlathini. Ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha ekuqaleni kubalulekile ngoba i-HPS ingathuthuka ngokushesha.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuqina komkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nokuqina ngemuva kokuhlambalaza izindawo lapho izilwane ezincane zingase zibe khona. Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ngokubekwa engcupheni yezilwane ezincane, khomba noma yimiphi imisebenzi yakamuva ehilela izindawo ezinothuli, ukukhempeni, noma umsebenzi wasemakhaya.

Iya endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma zivela ngokungazelelwe. Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okufushane, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubamba umoya wakho.

Uma uthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, amathuba akho okuphulukisa aqhubeka. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangakunikeza ukwelashwa okusekela okuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela uma kuqalwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sesifo.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Imisebenzi ethile nendawo yokuhlala yandisa ingozi yakho yokubekwa engcupheni ye-hantavirus, nakuba noma ubani angase ahlangabezane nezilwane ezincane ezingcolile. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingozi kukusiza uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izici zezwe zidlalela indima ebalulekile emazingeni engcupheni yakho:

• Ukuhlala noma ukuvakashela ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ikakhulukazi e-United States entshonalanga
• Ukuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni lapho kunabantu abaningi bezimouse ze-deer
• Ukuvakashela izindawo lapho kuye kwabikwa khona amacala e-HPS ngaphambili
• Ukuya ezindaweni zasehlathini noma zasehlathini lapho izilwane ezincane zivame khona

Imisebenzi ethile nemisebenzi ingase futhi yandisa ingozi yakho yokubekwa engcupheni:

• Ukuhlanza izindlu, izindlu, noma ezinye izakhiwo
• Ukusebenzisa noma ukuhlanza izindlu noma izindlu zokuphumula ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokungasetshenziswa
• Ukukhempeni, ukuhamba, noma ukusebenza ezindaweni lapho kunomsebenzi omkhulu wezilwane ezincane
• Umsebenzi wezolimo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina ukudla
• Umsebenzi wokwakha noma wokulungisa ezindlini zasemakhaya
• Umsebenzi wokulawula izilwane ezincane ohilela ukuhlanza izilwane ezincane

Izimo zesizini nazo zithinta ingozi, ngamacala amaningi evela entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho abantu bevame ukuhlanza futhi baphefumule izakhiwo ezivaliwe ezinyangeni zasebusika.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

I-HPS ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinzima eziqala ukuphefumula nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlanganisela ezingaba khona kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile nezinzima kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lapho amaphaphu akho agcwaliswa amanzi
• I-Cardiogenic shock, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emizimbeni yakho
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphansi kakhulu olungabangela ukwehluleka komzimba
• Izinkinga zezinkalweni ngenxa yokunciphisa ukugijima kwegazi
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial okwesibili emaphaphwini

Ezimweni ezinzima, ungase udinga ukusekelwa kokunakekelwa okukhulu okuhlanganisa ukuqiniswa komoya ukuze kukusize uphefumule. Abanye abantu badinga imithi yokusekela umsebenzi wenhliziyo yabo nokugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaphila esigabeni esibuhlungu se-HPS ngokuvamile bayaphulukisa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulimaza amaphaphu isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, inqubo yokuphulukisa ingathatha amaviki noma izinyanga eziningi, futhi ungase uzizwe ubuthakathaka futhi uqine ngalesi sikhathi.

I-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekugwemeni ukubekwa engcupheni yezilwane ezincane ezingcolile nemfucuza yazo. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ihilela ukwenza indawo yakho ibe yingqondo engathandeki ezilwaneni ezincane nokukhipha izindawo ngokuphepha lapho zingase zibe khona.

Qala ngokwenza ikhaya lakho nezindawo zakho zingathandeki ezilwaneni ezincane:

• Vala imingcele neziqu ekuqaleni kwekhaya lakho, izindonga, nengqimba
• Gcina ukudla ezitsheni ezivikelwe izilwane ezincane ezenziwe ngensimbi noma ipulasitiki ebukhulu
• Gcina ukudla kwezilwane zasekhaya ezitsheni ezivaliwe futhi uhlanze izikhukhula ngokushesha
• Susa izihlahla, izinkuni, nezinto ezingekho ezungeze ikhaya lakho
• Gcina igceke elihlanzekile ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezinkulu eziseduze kwezakhiwo
• Sebenzisa ubukhali kunokudla uma udinga ukulawula izilwane ezincane

Uma uhlanza izindawo lapho izilwane ezincane ziye zaba khona, landa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:

• Gqoka izihlangu ze-rubber kanye nomqhele wothuli noma i-respirator
• Phefumula indawo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuhlambalaza
• Phahla amathambo nezindawo ezingcolile ngesisombululo se-bleach esingu-10%
• Gwema ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanza nge-vacuum, lokhu kungaphakamisa izinhlayiya ze-virus ezingcolile emoyeni
• Sebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza ezimanzi ngezisombululo zokubulala amagciwane
• Lahla izinto ezingcolile ezibhegini zeplastiki ezivaliwe

Uma uya ekhempini noma uhamba, khetha izindawo zokukhempeni ezikude nezindawo lapho kunomsebenzi obonakalayo wezilwane ezincane. Gcina ukudla ezitsheni ezivaliwe futhi ugweme ukulala phansi lapho izilwane ezincane zingase zihambe khona.

I-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-HPS kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwezobuchwepheshe endaweni yesibhedlela, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi yini okulindelekile kungakusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukulungiselela inqubo yokuphulukisa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizophatha izici zezokwelapha ezinkulu ngenkathi ugxila ekuphumuleni nasekupheleni.

Phakathi nokuhlala kwakho esibhedlela, ungasekela ukuphulukisa kwakho ngokulandela imiyalo yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha imithi ebizwe, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yokuphefumula uma kunconywe, nokubika noma yikuphi ukuguquka endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Amalungu omndeni wakho angasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokukunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Kufanele futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokugwema ukubekwa engcupheni yezilwane ezincane, ikakhulukazi uma besiza ukuhlanza noma ukulungiselela ikhaya lakho ukubuyela kwakho.

Ngemva kokuba uphumule esibhedlela, ukuphulukisa kuyaqhubeka ekhaya ngokuqokwa okuqhubekayo. Ungase uzizwe uqine futhi ubuthakathaka amaviki ambalwa, okuvamile njengoba umzimba wakho uqhubeka uphulukisa kule ntheleleko enkulu.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani isikhathi sakho sokuya kudokotela?

Uma ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nge-HPS ecingelwayo, ukulungiselela kungasiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibalulekile ngalesi simo, ngakho-ke buza ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho.

Lungiselela isikhathi esiningi sezimo zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi yini ngayinye iqalile nokuthi ibe nzima kangakanani. Bhala imisebenzi yakho yeminyaka emi-6 edlule, ugxile ekubeni engcupheni yezilwane ezincane.

Letha ulwazi olukhulu ekuqokweni kwakho:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zonke ngezinsuku lapho zaqala khona
• Umbiko wezindawo zakamuva, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezisehlathini
• Noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuhlanza noma yokulungisa ehilela izindawo ezinothuli
• Ukukhempeni, ukuhamba, noma imisebenzi yangaphandle emavikini angu-6 edlule
• Imithi yamanje nanoma yiziphi izinto ozithandayo
• Ulwazi loxhumana nabo lwamalungu omndeni noma abangane

Unganqikazi ukukhuluma ngemisebenzi engase ibonakale ingahlobene, njengokuvakashela ikhaya, ukuhlanza igaraji, noma ukusebenza endaweni yokugcina izinto. Ngisho nokufinyelela okufushane ekuhlanzweni kothuli kungabangela ukutheleleka.

Uma uzizwa ugula kakhulu, yenza umuntu akuqhubekele ekuqokweni noma ubizela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi abahlinzeki bezempilo balungele kahle ukuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

I-HPS iyisifo esinzima kodwa esingavikeleka esithuthuka lapho uphefumula izinhlayiya ezingcolile yi-hantavirus ezivela ezilwaneni ezincane ezingcolile. Nakuba kuncane, kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba kungathuthuka ngokushesha ezinkingeni zokuphefumula ezingozi ezingozi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuvimbela kuphumelela kakhulu. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokuvimba izindawo zokungena ekhaya lakho, ukugcina ukudla kahle, nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza eziphephile kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokubekwa engcupheni.

Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-flu ngemuva kokubekwa engcupheni yezilwane ezincane, ungalindi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa ekuqaleni ngokusekela ukunakekelwa kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, futhi abantu abaningi abatholakala ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha bangaphulukisa ngokuphelele.

Khumbula ukuthi i-HPS ayisabalali kumuntu komunye, ngakho-ke awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokuyithumela kumalungu omndeni noma abangane. Gxila ekutholeni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokulandelwa kwezindlela zokuvimbela ukuze uzivimbele wena nabanye ekubeni engcupheni yesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Ungathola yini i-hantavirus ezilwaneni zasekhaya njenge-hamsters noma i-guinea pigs?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-hantavirus ezilwaneni zasekhaya njenge-hamsters, i-guinea pigs, i-gerbils, noma izilwane zasekhaya ezincane nezincane. Izifo ezibangela i-HPS zithwalwa ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane zasendle, ikakhulukazi izimouse ze-deer nezinye izinhlobo.

Izilwane ezincane zasekhaya zikhuliswa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo futhi azithwali izifo ezifanayo njengezingxenye zazo zasendle. Noma kunjalo, kusengcono ukugeza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha noma yiziphi izilwane zasekhaya nokugcina izindlu zazo zihlanzekile.

I-hantavirus ihlala isikhathi esingakanani endaweni?

I-Hantavirus ingaphila emathunjini omchamo wezilwane ezincane omisiwe nothuli olucolile izinsuku eziningi kuya emavikini, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. I-virus ihlala isikhathi eside ezimweni ezibandayo, ezimanzi futhi iphula ngokushesha ezimweni ezishisayo, ezomile.

Ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo nezinto zokubulala amagciwane ezivamile njengezisombululo ze-bleach zibhubhisa i-virus. Kungakho ukuhlanza okuchane ngezinto zokubulala amagciwane kubaluleke kangaka lapho uphatha izindawo lapho izilwane ezincane ziye zaba khona.

Ingabe kukhona isifo sokugoma esitholakalayo se-hantavirus?

Okwamanje, ayikho isifo sokugoma esitholakalayo se-hantavirus e-United States. Ukuvimbela ngokulawula imvelo nezindlela zokuhlanza eziphephile kuhlala kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugwema ukutheleleka.

Abacwaningi baqhubeka besebenza ekuthuthukiseni isifo sokugoma, kodwa okwamanje, ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni izilwane ezincane ezungeze ikhaya lakho nokulandelwa kwezindlela zokuhlanza eziphephile kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu.

Kufanele wenzeni uma uthola amathambo ezilwane ezincane ekhaya lakho?

Uma uthola amathambo ezilwane ezincane, ungathukutheli, kodwa thatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngaphambi kokuhlambalaza. Phefumula indawo kuqala, bese uqoka izihlangu nomqhele wothuli ngenkathi uhlanza.

Phahla amathambo ngesisombululo se-bleach esingu-10% bese usivumela ukuba sihlale imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuhlanza ngamathawula. Gwema ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanza nge-vacuum, njengoba lokhu kungaphakamisa izinhlayiya zothuli ezingcolile emoyeni.

I-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ivame kangakanani?

I-HPS iyincani kakhulu, ngamacala angu-20 kuya kwangu-40 abikwa minyaka yonke e-United States. Amacala amaningi evela ezindaweni zasemakhaya zase-western states, nakuba amacala ebikezelwe kulo lonke izwe.

Nakuba isifo sibuhlungu lapho sivela, ingozi yonke yabantu abaningi iphansi kakhulu. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilula kwenza ingozi yakho ibe ngaphansi, ngakho-ke akukho sidingo sokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngalesi simo.