Umguluko Wekhanda Nezinqe? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Umguluko wekhanda nezinqe yiqembu leziguluko eziqala ezicutshini zekhanda lakho nendawo yomlomo, kuhlanganise nomlomo wakho, umlomo, ibhokisi yezwi, khala, namathumba okukhipha umdlavuza. Lezi ziguluko zikhula lapho amaseli avamile kulezi zindawo eqala ukukhula ngokungenakulawuleka, enza iziphumu ezingathinta indlela okhuluma ngayo, ukugwinya, ukuphefumula, noma ukunambitha.

Nakuba ukuzwa nganoma yiluphi ulwazi lwegciwane kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe uhlala ulashwa, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ekuqaleni. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini lezi ziguluko futhi uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala ezingase zibe khona kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule impilo yakho futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe zingase zihluke kuye kokuthi umdlavuza ukhula kuphi, kepha izimpawu eziningi zokuqala yizinto ongaziqaphela empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zibukeke njengezinkinga ezivamile ekuqaleni, kungakho kubalulekile ukunaka lapho ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile kakhulu okufanele uzilandele:

• Isibazi emlonyeni wakho, olimini, noma emlonyeni wakho esingapheli amasonto amabili
• Ukuhlwitha okungapheli noma ukushintsha kwezwi okuhlala amasonto amaningi
• Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla noma izinto eziphuzwayo
• Isibopho noma ukukhula entanyeni yakho, emaxolo, noma emlonyeni wakho esingapheli
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli emlonyeni obungaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile
• Ukuphuza igazi okungachazeki emlonyeni wakho, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni
• Umoya omubi oqhubekayo ongaphucuki ngokuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle
• Ukungabi namandla emlonyeni wakho, olimini, noma endaweni yomlomo
• Ubuhlungu beindlebe obuvela ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi kubonakala kungahlobene nokutheleleka kwendlebe

Abanye abantu bangase futhi bahlangane nezimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile. Lezi zingafaka ukuqina okuqhubekayo ngakwesinye uhlangothi lwempumulo yakho, ukuphuma kwegazi ekuphindaphindiwe empumlweni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, noma ukushintsha komuzwa wokunambitha noma ukuhogela. Ungase uqaphele ubunzima bokuhambisa ulimi lwakho noma umgubhu, noma uhlangane nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki kanye nezinye izimpawu.

Khumbula, ukuba nesimpawu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu akusikho ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi unekansa. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ukutheleleka, ukwanda kokuvuvukala, noma ezinye izimo ezingelona ikhanda. Noma kunjalo, uma noma iyiphi isimo ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili noma ibonakala ibi kakhulu, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zekhanda nekhansa yomlomo?

Ukuqina kwekhansa yekhanda nomlomo kuhlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho kuqala khona emzimbeni wakho, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu zalo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene kungakusiza ukuba uxhumane kangcono neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo nokuqonda isimo sakho esithile.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ikhanda lomlomo: Ithuthukiswa emlonyeni wakho, kufaka phakathi izindebe zakho, ulimi, amaguma, ngaphakathi kwamabele akho, kanye neflooring yomlomo wakho
• Ikhanda le-oropharyngeal: Yakhiwa engxenyeni ephakathi yomlomo wakho, kufaka phakathi i-soft palate yakho, isisekelo lolimi lwakho, kanye ne-tonsils
• Ikhanda le-laryngeal: Kwenzeka ebhokisini lakho lezwi, eliqukethe izintambo zakho zezwi
• Ikhanda le-hypopharyngeal: Ithuthukiswa engxenyeni engezansi yomlomo wakho, nje ngaphezu kwesophagus yakho
• Ikhanda le-nasopharyngeal: Yakhiwa engxenyeni ephakeme yomlomo wakho, ngemuva kwempumulo yakho
• Ikhanda lomlomo kanye ne-paranasal sinus: Ithuthukiswa endaweni engemuva kwempumulo yakho nasezindaweni ezigcwele umoya ezungezile impumulo yakho
• Ikhanda le-salivary gland: Yakhiwa ezindaweni ezikhiqiza i-saliva emlonyeni wakho nasemlonyeni wakho

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile odokotela bakho bangaxoxa nawe ngazo. Lezi zihlanganisa umdlavuza we-thyroid gland, nakuba umdlavuza we-thyroid uhlale uqwalaselwa ngokwahlukile kweminye imidlavuza yekhanda nentamo. Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungaphinda ube khona ekhanda nentamo, kodwa lezi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukile.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo lungabangela izimpawu ezihlukile kancane futhi ludinga izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngezilingo nezivivinyo ezahlukene, okusiza ukuba bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo sesimo sakho esithile.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo?

Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ukhula lapho kukhona okulimaza i-DNA emagumbini ajwayelekile, kubangela ukuba akhule futhi azinze ngokungenakulawuleka. Nakuba singazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka kwabanye abantu hhayi kwabanye, abacwaningi baye baqonda izinto eziningi ezingandisa ingozi yakho.

Izinto eziyinhloko eziyizingozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshaba: Ukubhema isigarethi, i-cigars, noma amapayipi, kanye nokusebenzisa utshaba olungabhemi, kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile: Ukuphiwa njalo, ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile kungalimaza amaseli emlonyeni wakho nasehlombe isikhathi eside
• Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-human papillomavirus, ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16, zingabangela umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal
• Ubudala: Iningi lomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo luvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, nakuba umdlavuza ohlobene ne-HPV ungathinta abantu abadala abancane
• Ubulili: Amadoda anethuba elikhulu lokukhula lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, nakuba umehluko usencane njengoba amanani okubhema ashintsha
• Ukukhanya kwelanga: Ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside kungabangela umdlavuza we-lip
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo: Ukungazinakekeli amazinyo namagxolo akho kungase kube nomthelela emidlavuzweni yomlomo

Kunezinto ezithile ezingavamile kodwa eziyimbangela enkulu yokusabela kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukubhebhetheka ezintweni ezithile zokusebenza, njenge-asbestos, uthuli lwezinkuni, noma i-formaldehyde, kungandisa ingozi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abanezimpawu ezithile zezofuzo, njenge-Fanconi anemia, bangaba nengozi enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunemithombo embalwa yezithelo nemifino kungase kube nomthelela ekwandiseni ingozi.

Ukuba nenye noma ngaphezulu kwezinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzophuka ngokuqinisekile. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingozi abaphuli, kanti abanye abantu abangenazo izinto ezingozi ezaziwayo bayaphuka. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kusiza nje ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho kanye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngezimpawu zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili noma kubonakala sengathi ziyaqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, ngakho kungcono ukuhlola izimpawu ngokushesha kunokuba ulinde.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zibonakaliso ezinkulu. Ubuhlungu emlonyeni wakho noma ehlombe elingapholi ngemva kwamasonto amabili kudinga ukuhlolwa. Ngokufanayo, ukukhuluphala noma ukushintsha kwezwi okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa kufanele kuhlolwe, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze ube nefriji noma ukutheleleka kokuphefumula.

Kufanele futhi ubheke udokotela wakho uma uthola ubunzima bokuginya okuvimba ukudla noma ukuphuza, noma uma uqaphela isibopho entanyeni yakho, emlonyeni wakho, noma ehlombe elingapheli. Ubuhlungu obungapheli kwelinye ikhanda elingenazo izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukuphuma kwegazi okungachazeki emlonyeni wakho noma ekhaleni, noma ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo okungachazeki kanye nezinye izimpawu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ungalindi uma uhlushwa yizimpawu eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngisho noma ngayinye ibonakala iphansi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu kungakunika amaphuzu abalulekile kubanakekeli bakho bezempilo. Khumbula, izinhlu zalezi zimpawu azinawo umdlavuza, kodwa ukuzihlola kuzokunika ukuthula kwengqondo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Iyini imikhakha yokusongela umdlavuza wekhanda nemuthi?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuba nomdlavuza wekhanda nemuthi, nakuba ukuba nemikhakha yokusongela akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza. Ukuqonda le mikhakha kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho futhi uxoxe ngezindlela zokuvimbela nodokotela wakho.

Imikhakha eyinhloko yokusongela ephakamisa amathuba akho kakhulu ifaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshaba nganoma iyiphi indlela: Izigaxa, i-cigars, amapayipi, notshaba olungenamphunga konke kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi
• Ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile: Ukuphuza njalo ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kotshaba, kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho
• Ukutheleleka yi-HPV: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-human papillomavirus, ikakhulukazi ngocansi lomlomo, zingabangela umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-50: Ingozi iyakhuphuka njengoba iminyaka ikhuphuka, nakuba umdlavuza ohlobene ne-HPV ungathinta abantu abasebancane
• Ubulili besilisa: Amadoda anamazinga aphezulu, nakuba leli geqe liyancipha
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo namazinyo: Ukuvuvukala nokutholakala okungapheli emlonyeni wakho kungase kuhlanganyele ekukhuleni komdlavuza

Imikhakha eyengeziwe yokusongela ifaka ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside, okungabangela umdlavuza wezinzipho, nokukhombisa emsebenzini ezinto ezithile ezikhemikhali njenge-asbestos, uthuli lwezinkuni, noma imifutho yemibala. Abanye abantu banesizathu sokulimala ngokufanayo esenza babe sengozini enkulu, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Izici ezithile zokudla zingase futhi zidlale indima. Ukudla okunemithombo embalwa yezithelo nemifino kungase kukhulise ingozi, kuyilapho ukudla okuningi kwemikhiqizo emisha kungase kusize ekuvikeleni. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ngomgogodla ekhanda nasezintambo zomzimba ngezimo ezahlukene kungase futhi kukhulise ingozi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinhlangothi eziningi zalezi zinto ezingozi zilawuleka. Ukukhetha ukungasebenzisi utshaba, ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukwenza ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle, nokudla ukudla okunempilo konke kungasiza ekuthambiseni ingozi kakhulu.

Ziyini izinhlangothi ezingaba khona zekhanda nezintambo zomzimba?

Ubuhlungu bekhanda nezintambo zomzimba bungase buhole ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, kokubili ezivela ebuhlungwini uqobo nakwelapho. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele ezingaba khona kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukulungiselela nohlela ukunakekelwa okuhle kunazo zonke ekuhambeni kwakho.

Izinhlangothi ezivela ebuhlungwini uqobo zingase zikhule njengoba ithusi likhula noma lisakazeka:

• Ubunzima bokudla, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma njengoba amathisi ephazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula uma ubuhlungu buthinta indlela yakho yomoya
• Ukwehluleka kokuzwa noma ukutheleleka okungapheli kwezindlebe uma ubuhlungu buthinta izakhiwo eziseduze nezindlebe zakho
• Ukushintsha kwendlela obukayo, ikakhulukazi uma ubuhlungu buthinta izindawo ezibonakalayo
• Ukubhebhetheka ezinodweni zaseduze noma ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba wakho
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungase budinge ukuphathwa okukhethekile

Izinhlangothi ezihlobene nokwelashwa zingase futhi zenzeke, yize izindlela zanamuhla zithambisile izinhlangothi eziningi zalezi. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kuhole ekushintsheni kokukhuluma kwakho, ikhono lokugwinya, noma indlela obukayo. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kungase kubangele umlomo owomile, izinkinga zamahlombe, noma ubunzima bokugwinya obungase buqhubeke isikhathi eside. I-Chemotherapy ingase ihole ekusabela, ukukhathala, ukwanda kengozi yokutheleleka, noma i-neuropathy.

Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinkinga ezinkulu zokudla ezidinga izikhwephu zokudla, ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside obukhulu ukulawula, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nezinguquko emisebenzini noma ukubonakala. Iziqubu zegazi, ukutheleleka okukhulu, noma izinkinga zokululama kwesilonda ngemuva kokutholwa kokutholwa nakho kungenzeka.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenza kanzima ukuvimbela nokulawula lezi zinkinga. Lizoxoxa nawe ngengozi ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokwelashwa futhi lizokulandela eduze kulo lonke ukunakekelwa kwakho. Izinkinga eziningi zingavikelwa noma ziphathwe ngempumelelo uma zitholakala ngokushesha, kungakho kubalulekile ukulandela iqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kungenzeka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela wonke umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezempilo nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela. Izindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokuvikela zihilela ukugwema noma ukulinganisela ukukhishwa kwizinto ezaziwayo ezingozi.

Izinyathelo zokuvikela eziyinhloko ongaziqala zifaka:

• Gwema zonke izimpahla zotshani: Lokhu kufaka phakathi isigarethi, isiga, izikhwephu, notshani olungagqunyiswanga
• Linganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Uma uphuza, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela ngokusho kwemiyalelo yezempilo
• Yenza ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle: Geza kabili ngosuku, cisha njalo, ubheke odokotela wezinyo ukuze uhlolwe njalo
• Thola isithombe se-HPV: Isithombe se-HPV singavimbela ukutheleleka okubangela umdlavuza othile wekhanda nentamo
• Yenza ubulili obulondekile: Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka yi-HPV
• Zivikele ekukhishweni kwelanga: Sebenzisa i-lip balm ene-SPF futhi ubeke iziqubu uma ungaphandle
• Dla ukudla okunempilo: Faka izithelo nemifino eminingi ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke

Uma usebenza endaweni lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ukhombise izinto ezikhemikhali, ukulandela imiyalo yokuphepha nokusebenzisa imishini yokukhusela efanele kungakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza ngochuku lwemihlathi, i-asbestos, noma amakhemikhali ezimboni.

Ukuvakasha njalo kudokotela wamazinyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqobeni nasekutholeni izifo ekuqaleni. Udoktela wakho wamazinyo angabona izinguquko zokuqala emlonyeni wakho ezingadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Bangakusiza futhi ugcine impilo enhle yomlomo, okunganciphisa ingozi yakho yonke.

Uma usebenzisa utshaba noma uphuza kakhulu, xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nezindlela zokuyeka. Ngisho noma usebenzise lezi zinto iminyaka eminingi, ukuyeka manje kunganciphisa ingozi yakho futhi kuthuthukise impilo yakho yonke.

Ukuxilongwa kanjani komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo?

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kuvame ukubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi, kuqale ngodokotela wakho ekuhlola futhi ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nembali yakho yezokwelapha. Inqubo yenzelwe ukuqonda ukuthi ingabe umdlavuza ukhona, uhlobo luni nokuthi usakazeke kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba wekhanda lakho, intamo, umlomo, nomphimbo. Uzobheka izicubu noma ama-lymph nodes avuvukile futhi asebenzise izibani ezikhethekile namagilasini ukubuka ngaphakathi komlomo wakho nomphimbo. Lolu hlolo lokuqala lumsiza ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezidingekayo.

Uma udokotela wakho ethola okuthile okukhathazayo, angase ayalele izivivinyo zokwenza izithombe ukuze abone kangcono le ndawo. Lezi zingabandakanya i-CT scans, i-MRI scans, noma i-PET scans, ezingabonisa usayizi nendawo yanoma yiziphi izicubu zomdlavuza nokuthi umdlavuza usakazeke yini ezindaweni eziseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kokugwinya i-barium kusetshenziswa ukuhlola umphimbo wakho nesophagus.

Indlela eqinisekile kakhulu yokuxilonga umdlavuza iwukwenza i-biopsy, lapho kuqoshwa khona izingcezu ezincane zethishu bese kuhlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenhlanzi, ngesikhathi senqubo yasehhovisi, noma ngezinye izikhathi kudinga inqubo encane yokucutshungulwa. I-biopsy ilotshela udokotela wakho ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli ezikhona nokuthi zinobuthi yini.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingafaka umsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umdlavuza wakho uxhumekile yini nokutheleleka kwe-HPV. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kanye nokulinganiswa kokudla ukuze akusize uhlele ukwelashwa kwakho kanye nokunakekelwa okusekayo.

Iyini ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza wakho, indawo yawo, kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze likhiqize uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe oluhlinzeka amathuba amahle okuphumelela ngenkathi licabanga ngekhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususa i-tumor kanye ngezinye izikhathi ama-lymph nodes noma izicubu eziseduze
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla: Ukusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza
• I-Chemotherapy: Ukusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe: Imithi eqondiswe ngokuqondile ezimpawu zamaseli omdlavuza
• I-Immunotherapy: Ukwelashwa okusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nomdlavuza

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuxubana kwalokhu kwelashwa. Isibonelo, ungase ube nokuhlinzwa okulandelelwa ukwelashwa ngomgogodla, noma uthole i-chemotherapy kanye nomgogodla ndawonye. Ukuxubana okuqondile kuncike esimweni sakho somuntu siqu nalokho ucwaningo oluye lwabonisa ukuthi kusebenza kangcono kuhlobo lomdlavuza wakho.

Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ziyaqala ukutholakala. Ukwelapha okuqondiswe ngqo kungavinca amaprotheni athile asiza amakhamera omdlavuza ukukhula. Imithi ye-immunotherapy ingasiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukubona futhi ihlasele amakhamera omdlavuza ngokuphumelelayo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlanganiswe nezindlela ezivamile.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha cishe lizoqukatha ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenza ndawonye. Lokhu kungafaka ochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa, ochwepheshe be-oncology yezokwelapha, ochwepheshe be-oncology yokukhanya, nochwepheshe bokusekela njengochwepheshe bokukhuluma, ochwepheshe bokudla, nabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle. Le ndlela yeqembu iyasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele okuqondisa zonke izici zokwelashwa kwakho nokubuyiselwa kwakho.

Indlela yokuphatha ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi somdlavuza wekhanda nekhala?

Ukuphatha ukunakekelwa kwakho ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nekhala kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokusekela ukuphulukisa komzimba wakho, ukuphatha imiphumela emibi, nokugcina impilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizonika isiqondiso esithile, kepha kunezindlela ezijwayelekile ezingasiza abantu abaningi bazizwe bekhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukudla nokudla kungaba inselele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngakho-ke gxila ekutholeni ama-calories anele namaprotheni ukusekela ukuphulukisa. Ukudla okuthambile, okunamafutha kungaba lula ukukugwinya. Cabanga nge-smoothies, usoso, i-yogurt, kanye nezinsiza zokudla uma kunconywe yiqembu lakho. Hlala uthambile ngokuncela amanzi, ama-ice chips, noma ezinye izinto eziqandayo usuku lonke.

Ukuphatha ukunakekelwa komlomo nomlomo kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Iqembu lakho lingancoma ukugeza komlomo okukhethekile noma imithi yokuvimbela noma ukwelapha amaqhubu emlonyeni. Ukuhlanzeka komlomo olula ngebhulashi elithambile ne-toothpaste ebuthakathaka kungasiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Gwema ukugeza komlomo okusekelwe e-alchoholi, okuthukutalisayo.

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ekhaya kungase kuhilele ukuthatha imithi ephakanyisiwe ngesikhathi esifanele, ukusebenzisa ama-ice packs noma ama-compress afudumele njengoba kunconywe, nokwenza amasu okuphumula. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ubuhlungu bukhulu ukuze uthathe imithi. Kuvamise kube lula ukuvimba ubuhlungu kunokuqeda uma sekukhulu.

Zilandele ukuze ubone izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Lezi zihlanganisa ubushushu bomzimba, ubunzima obukhulu bokuginya, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ubuhlungu obukhulu obungalawulwa yimithi yakho, noma noma yiziphi izinhlupheko zokuphefumula. Gcina imininingwane yokuxhumana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ifinyeleleka kalula futhi ungangabazi ukubiza uma unezinkinga.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho nokuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uneyonke imininingwane edingekayo ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokulungisa imicabango yakho nemininingwane kusengaphambili kungenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe yiyona ephumelelayo futhi ingabi nomthwalo omkhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi ziyahamba kahle noma ziba zimbi. Faka imininingwane mayelana nalokho okwenza izimpawu zibe ngcono noma zimbi, futhi qaphela noma yikuphi ukwelashwa osekukuzamile. Ngisho nezimpawu ezingabonakali zihlangene zingabalulekile.

Lungiselela uhlu oluphelele lwayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi ephakanyisiwe, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, amavithamini, kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Faka imithamo nokuthi uyayithatha kangaki. Futhi, buza imininingwane mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili, izimo ezingapheli, nanoma yimuphi umlando womndeni womdlavuza.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukuthi ubuze mayelana nalokho okungase kube yimbangela yezimpawu zakho, ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo, ukuthi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyoba yini, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilandele ekhaya. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nemibuzo eminingi kakhulu. Kungcono ukubuza konke okuseqondweni lakho.

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni lakho lapho uya khona. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi oluxoxwe ngalo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Uma ukhululekile ukwenza kanjalo, bangakusiza futhi ukuba bakuphethe futhi babeze imibuzo ongayikhumbula.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe?

Umdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe yiqembu lomdlavuza olingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zekhanda nezinqe zakho, kusukela emlonyeni nasehlathini kuya ebhokisini lakho lezwi nasezinso ze-salivary. Nakuba ukwamukela noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza kungaba nzima, into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi le midlavuza ivame ukwelashwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma itholakala ekuqaleni.

Ukutholakala ekuqaleni nokuphathwa ngokushesha kuyisihluthulelo semiphumela emihle. Qaphela izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengezinxeba ezingapholi, ukushintsha kwezwi, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ama-lumps angahambi. Iningi lalezi zimpawu linemibangela engekho umdlavuza, kodwa kuhlale kufanele ziqalwe uma ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Imiklamo eminingi yomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe ingavikeleka ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila. Ukugwema utshaba, ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukwenza ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle, nokuthola ukugonywa okufanele kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Ngisho noma unezingozi ezidlule, ukwenza izinguquko ezempilo manje kungaholela ekuphileni kwakho okuhle.

Uma utholakala unomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe, khumbula ukuthi izinketho zokwelapha ziye zaqina kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Iqembu lakho lokuphatha impilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele isimo sakho, licabangele hhayi ukwelapha umdlavuza kuphela, kodwa futhi ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nomdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe

Q1: Ingabe umdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe uyifa?

Iningi lezimila zekhanda nezinqe aliliwe siqu ngqo kubazali bakho. Noma kunjalo, amanye ama-gene angakwandisa amathuba akho okuthola lezi zimila. Iningi lezimangalo lihlobene nezinto ezingqongile ezifana nokusebenzisa utshaba, ukusebenzisa utshwala, noma ukutheleleka yi-HPV kunokuguqulwa kwama-gene okuzuzwe.

Q2: Ingabe umdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe ungaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Eziningi zezimila zekhanda nezinqe zingaphiliswa, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala futhi zitholwe ngokushesha. Izinga lokuphila lixhomeke ezintweni eziningi ezifana nohlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, nempilo yakho iyonke. Izimila ezingasezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile zinamazinga aphezulu okuphila kunalezo ezingaphambili. Ngisho nakumacala lapho ukwelashwa okuphelele kungekho khona, ukwelashwa kungawulawula umdlavuza iminyaka eminingi futhi kusize ekuqondeni ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Q3: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nezinqe kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sihluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Ukuhlinzwa kuphela kungaphela ngosuku olulodwa, ukululama kuthatha amasonto ambalwa. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kuvame ukuqhubeka amasonto angu-6-7 ngokwelashwa kwansuku zonke. Izingqimba ze-chemotherapy zingase zithathe izinyanga eziningi. Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlangene okungase kuqhubeke izinyanga ezingu-3-6 noma ngaphezulu. Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizokunika isimiso esicacile esisekelwe ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Q4: Ngizokwazi ukukhuluma nokudla ngokujwayelekile ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi bagcina bakwazi ukukhuluma nokudla ngokujwayelekile noma cishe ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokwelashwa, nakuba lokhu kuncike endaweni nobunzima bomdlavuza wakho nohlobo lokwelashwa oluyimfuneko. Izindlela zanamuhla zokucathulwa nokwelashwa kokubuyiselwa empilweni kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Ochwepheshe bokukhuluma nokugwinya basebenza nabaguli phakathi nokwelashwa ukuze bagcine futhi babuyisele le mi sebenzi ebalulekile. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwabo noma ezindleleni zabo zokuxhumana, kodwa abaningi bangagcina benomgangatho omuhle wokuphila.

UMbuzo 5: Ingabe umdlavuza wendlebe nekhala unxulumene ne-COVID-19 noma ukugqoka ama-mask?

Ayikho uxhumano phakathi komdlavuza wendlebe nekhala ne-COVID-19 noma ukugqoka ama-mask. Umdlavuza wendlebe nekhala ukhula ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokusebenzisa utshaba, ukusebenzisa utshwala, ukutheleleka yi-HPV, nezinye izimbangela ezaziwayo. Ukugqoka ama-mask ukuvimbela ukutheleleka akubangeli noma akuzuzisi ekukhuleni komdlavuza. Uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu, ungalibeki ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokukhathazeka okuhlobene negciwane. Izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zinezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswayo ukuvikela abaguli.