Ukuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho kuvinjelwe, ngokuvamile yi-blood clot. Uma imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukuthola i-oksijini elidingekayo, leyo ngxenye iqala ukufa. Lokhu kuyisimangalo sezokwelapha esingathi sína esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo, kodwa ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo.

Kuyini Ukuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho enye noma ngaphezulu kwe-arteries ezinikeza igazi enhliziyweni yakho zivinjelwe. Cabanga nge-arteries zenhliziyo yakho njengemigwaqo emikhulu ehambisa igazi eliphezulu le-oksijini ukuze kugcinwe imisipha yenhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle.

Uma kuvela isivinjwa, ingxenye ethintekayo yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho iqala ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-oksijini. Igama lezokwelapha laleli banga yi-myocardial infarction, lapho i-“myocardial” isho imisipha yenhliziyo futhi i-“infarction” isho ukufa kwezicubu ngenxa yokushoda kokunikezwa kwegazi.

Uma isivinjwa sihlala isikhathi eside, imisipha eminingi yenhliziyo ingonakala. Kungakho ukuthola usizo ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni kwakho nasempilweni yakho yesikhathi eside.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwenhliziyo?

Izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo zingase zihluke kumuntu nomuntu, futhi azivamile ukufana nalokho okubona kuma-movie. Abanye abantu baye baba nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, kanti abanye banezimpawu ezincane kakhulu ezingase zikukhumbuze.

Izimpawu ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba okubukeka njengengcindezi, ukucindezela, noma ukugcwalisa
• Ubuhlungu obuya emahlombe, ezandleni, emuva, entanyeni, emaxwini, noma esiswini
• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ngisho noma kungekho buhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula, ukugabha, noma ukuzizwa ukhanya
• Ulukhuni noma ukukhathala okungazelelwe
• Ukuzizwa sengathi kuzoba yingozi noma ukukhathazeka okungavamile

Abesifazane nabantu abadala ngezinye izikhathi baye baba nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “ukuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo okuthule.” Lokhu kungase kubonakale kakhulu njengokungathandeki kokudla, ukukhathala okungavamile, noma ukuzizwa ungaphili kahle kunokuba buhlungu besifuba obubonakalayo.

Abanye abantu baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokukhungatheka okungazelelwe, ukuphelelwa yimfanelo, noma ubuhlungu obuzwakala njengokushisa kwesisu. Uma kukhona okuzwakala kubi kakhulu emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi zokugula kwenhliziyo, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlolwa.

Yini Ebangela Ukuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okuningi kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo se-coronary artery, lapho amafutha okuqongelela okuthiwa yi-plaque aqongelela ngaphakathi kwe-arteries zenhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ingxenye yale plaque iqhekeka, umzimba wakho uqala i-blood clot ukuzama ukuyilula, kodwa le clot ingavimba i-artery.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-plaque kuma-coronary arteries (imbangela evamile kakhulu)
• Ukuqina okukhulu kwe-coronary artery
• I-blood clot ehamba evela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho
• Ukuqhekeka odongeni lwe-artery (ukwahlukaniswa kwe-coronary artery okungazelelwe)
• Ukuwa okukhulu kwezinga legazi noma le-oksijini

Ngokungavamile, ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi i-cocaine noma i-methamphetamines, ezingabangela ukuba ama-arteries aqine. Ngokuqondile, izimo ezinjengokungasebenzi kahle kwegazi noma izifo ezithile zokuziphatha komzimba zingase futhi zibangele ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka kubantu abane-arteries ezimpilweni, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokucindezeleka okukhulu komzimba noma kwengqondo okubekela ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngesikhathi Sokuhlukunyezwa Kwenhliziyo?

Shaya izinsiza eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu ungase ube nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphuma, futhi ungazami ukuhamba wedwa uya esibhedlela.

Funani ukunakekelwa okuphaphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Ngisho noma awuqiniseki, kungcono ukuba uphephile kunokuba udumazeke.

Uma uke waba nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambili, kufanele futhi ucele usizo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nezezingxenye zakho zangaphambili. Inhliziyo yakho ingase ibe buthakathaka kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zempilo yenhliziyo noma uma unezingozi, hlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela inhliziyo yakho.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuqonda izingozi zakho kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela inhliziyo yakho. Ezinye izinto ongenakuzishintsha, kanti ezinye ungazilawula ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila.

Izingozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala (amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engu-45, abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55)
• Umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo
• Ukuba owesilisa (nakuba ingozi yabesifazane iyakhula ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuba yisikhathi)
• Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo noma isifo sobuchopho esidlule
• Izimo ezithile zezakhiwo

Izingozi ongazithonya zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi elikhulu
• Amazinga aphezulu we-kolesterol
• Ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco
• I-Diabetes noma i-prediabetes
• Ukuba ngumkhulu noma ukukhulu
• Ukungaqeqeshi komzimba
• Ukudla okungaphilile
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala
• Ukucindezeleka okungapheli
• I-Sleep apnea

Ukuba nezingozi eziningi kukwandisa amathuba akho kakhulu kunokuba noyedwa nje. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwenza izinguquko ezinhle ezindaweni ongazilawula ngazo ngokuvamile kwenza umehluko omkhulu engcupheni yakho yonke.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele Ngokuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo?

Nakuba abantu abaningi bayaphila kahle ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingozi ezingase zivele ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde. Ubunzima ngokuvamile kuncike ekutheni imisipha eminingi yenhliziyo yonakele kangakanani nokuthi uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani.

Izingozi ezivamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Izinkinga zesivinini senhliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingasebenzi kahle
• Ukonakala kwama-valve enhliziyo
• Ukuqongelela kwezinto ezigeleza emaphaphwini akho
• Ama-blood clots angahamba kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho

Izingozi ezinkulu kodwa ezingavamile zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha yenhliziyo noma odongeni
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu okudingayo ukwelashwa okuthuthukile
• Ukuyekwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe
• Isifo sobuchopho esivela kuma-blood clots

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokunakekela eduze ngalezi zingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Izingozi eziningi zingalashwa ngokuphumelelayo uma zitholakala ngokushesha, kungakho ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kubalulekile kangaka.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okuningi kungavikeleka ngokwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila nokukhathalela kwezokwelapha. Ngisho noma unezingozi ongenakuzishintsha, usengakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yonke.

Amasu abalulekile okuvimbela ahlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, nama-grains aphelele
• Ukuqeqesha komzimba okuvamile (qondise imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe masonto onke)
• Ukuyeka ukubhema nokugwema ukubhema okusecondhand
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokubhekana nezimo ezinempilo
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukuthola ukulala okwanele, okunekhwalithi

Ukuvimbela kwezokwelapha kungase kuhlanganise ukuthatha imithi ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, i-kolesterol, noma i-diabetes. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze i-aspirin encinyane uma ingozi yakho iphakeme ngokwanele ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwezingozi ezingase zivele.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba alandelele impilo yenhliziyo yakho futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokuvimbela njengoba kudingeka. Cabanga ngalezi ziqukethe njengezimali ekuphileni kwakho kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Uma ufika ekamelweni eliphaphuthumayo ngezimpawu ezingase zibe zokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, odokotela bazosebenza ngokushesha ukuze baqonde ukuthi kwenzekani. Basebenzisa amavivinyo amaningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuhlola ukuthi ukonakala okungakanani okuvele kwenzeke.

Amathuluzi abalulekile okuxilonga ahlanganisa:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG) ukuhlola umsebenzi womgogodla wenhliziyo yakho
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukubheka ama-enzymes enhliziyo akhishwa lapho imisipha yenhliziyo yonakele
• I-X-ray yesifuba ukubona inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu
• I-Echocardiogram ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphumula kahle kangakanani
• I-Cardiac catheterization ukubona izivinjwa kuma-arteries akho

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizobuza futhi ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma iyiphi imithi oyithathayo. Lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuqonda isimo sakho futhi bahlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi amavivinyo engeziwe njenge-CT scans noma i-MRI angase adingeke ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sesimo senhliziyo yakho. La mavivinyo asisiza odokotela ukuba bathathe izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Kuyini Ukwelashwa Kokuhlukunyezwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuphathwa kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo kugxile ekubuyiseni ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha, imisipha eminingi yenhliziyo ingasindiswa futhi impilo yakho ibe ngcono.

Ukuphathwa okuphuthumayo kungase kuhlanganise:

• Imithi yokuxazulula ama-blood clots (clot-busters)
• I-Angioplasty ukuvula ama-arteries avinjelwe usebenzisa ibhaluni elincane
• Ukubekwa kwe-Stent ukugcina ama-arteries avuliwe
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bypass uma ama-arteries amaningi avinjelwe
• Imithi yokunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho nokuvimbela ama-clots esikhathi esizayo

Cishe uzothola i-oksijini, imithi yokuhlupheka, nemithi yokusiza inhliziyo yakho ukuba isebenze kahle. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokukhethela ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu kokwelashwa ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ngemva kokuba isimo esiphuthumayo siphelile, uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzogxila ekusizeni inhliziyo yakho ukuba iphulukane nokuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kwenhliziyo, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, nemithi eqhubekayo.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngemva Kokuhlukunyezwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuphulukana ekhaya kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokubuyela ekuphileni kwakho okuvamile ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuphulukana, futhi ukulandela imiyalo yodokotela wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Izici ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa ekhaya zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalwe
• Ukwandisa kancane inqanaba lakho lomsebenzi njengoba kunconywe
• Ukulandela uhlelo lokudla olunempilo kwenhliziyo
• Ukuya kuwo wonke ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela
• Ukubheka noma iyiphi isimo esikhathazayo
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka nokupumula ngokwanele

Abantu abaningi bazizwa bexakekile noma bekhungathekile ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, okuvamile ngokuphelele. Unganqikazi ukukhuluma neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngalezi zizwelo, njengoba zingathinta impilo yakho yomzimba.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kabusha kwenhliziyo zingasiza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza ukuzivocavoca okulandelelwayo, imfundo, nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo ukukusiza ubuyisele amandla nokuthembela.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Nodokotela?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ngempilo yenhliziyo eqhubekayo noma ukunakekelwa okulandelayo ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, ukulungiselela kusiza uthole okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa imibuzo noma ulwazi olubalulekile.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, cabanga:

• Ukubhala phansi noma iyiphi isimo oye wahlangana nayo, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ivela nini
• Ukubala yonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owawo
• Ukuthola ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukusekela nokusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi
• Ukulungiselela imibuzo mayelana nokuphathwa kwakho, ukuphulukana, noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
• Ukuqoqa noma iyiphi imibhalo yezokwelapha evela kwabanye odokotela oye wabona

Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nanoma yini ongayiqondi. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukukusiza uzizwe ulwazi futhi uqiniseke ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Uma uxakekile nge-aphoyintimenti, lokho kuyinto evamile. Cabanga ukubhala phansi ukukhathazeka kwakho okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba ungakhohlwa ukukuxoxa.

Yini Eyinhloko Yokuthatha Ngokuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, kodwa futhi kuphatheka kakhulu uma kutholakala ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuthola usizo ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni yakho nokuphulukana.

Abantu abaningi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, ukwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo, nokugcina uxhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha kuyizindlela zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola impumelelo yesikhathi eside.

Uma unezingozi zesifo senhliziyo, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukudala uhlelo lokuvimbela. Izinqubo ezincane zemikhuba yakho yansuku zonke zingase zihlanganise ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwempilo yakho yenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, abangane, namaqembu okusekela bonke bakhona ukukusiza endleleni.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuhlaselwa Kwenhliziyo

Ingabe intsha ingaba nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, abantu abasebasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 no-30 bangaba nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yezimo zezakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma izinkinga zempilo eziyinhloko. Uma usencane futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, ungazidediseli ngenxa yobudala bakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo?

Ukuphulukana kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini eminingi evamile phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuphulukana okuphelele kwemisipha yenhliziyo ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Udokotela wakho uzakukhokhela ukubuyela kancane emisebenzini yakho evamile ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivocavoca futhi ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo?

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekuzivocavoca ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo, ngokuvamile ngokufaneleka okungcono kunangaphambili. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kwenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okuqondiswayo kokuzivocavoca. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi bazizwa benamandla futhi banamandla kakhulu kunangaphambili ngemuva kokuphela kohlelo lwabo lokuphulukana.

Kuyinto evamile yini ukuzizwa uxakekile noma ukhungathekile ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo?

Impela. Kuvamile kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukwesaba ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo. Lezi zizwelo ziyisimo esivamile sokuhlangabezana nesenzakalo esishintsha impilo. Khuluma neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngalezi zizwelo, njengoba zingakunikeza izinsiza nokusekelwa ukukusiza ubhekane nazo. Ukubhekana nempilo yengqondo kuyisigaba esibalulekile sokuphulukana kwakho konke.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo nokuyekwa kwenhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni kuvinjelwe, kodwa inhliziyo ngokuvamile iyaqhubeka ishaya. Ukuyekwa kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya ngokuphumelelayo ngokuzumayo. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuyekwa kwenhliziyo, kodwa ziyizimo ezahlukene. Zombili ziyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezidinga usizo oluphuthumayo.