Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho isibazi senhliziyo singapompi igazi kahle njengoba kufanele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, igazi lihlala libuyela emuva futhi amanzi angaqala ukwakheka emaphashini, okubangela ukuphefumula kanzima.

Ukuphathwa okuqondile kungathuthukisa izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi kungasiza abanye abantu ukuba baphile isikhathi eside. Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Zama ukunciphisa isisindo, ukuzivocavoca, ukusebenzisa usawoti omncane nokuphatha ukucindezeleka.

Kodwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungaba yingozi eyingozi. Abantu abanehluleko lenhliziyo bangaba nezimpawu ezinzima. Abanye bangadinga ukutshalwa kwenhliziyo entsha noma idivayisi ezosiza inhliziyo ukuba iphonse igazi.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuhlanganisiwe.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho isibindi singasaphompi igazi kahle njengoba kufanele. Igazi lihlala libuyela emuva futhi libeka amanzi ephusheni nasezinzwaneni. Ukubunjwa kwamanzi kungabangela ukuphefumula kanzima nokukhula kwezinzwane nezinyawo. Ukungabi kahle kokugeleza kwegazi kungabangela ukuba isikhumba sibonakale siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okumnyama. Kuye ngombala wesikhumba sakho, lezi zinguquko zombala zingaba nzima noma kulula ukubona. Ezinye izinhlobo zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingabangela inhliziyo enkulu.

Uma unehluleko lenhliziyo, inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukunikeza igazi elanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba wakho.

Amazimbe angakhula kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ziqala ngokuzuma. Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingafaka:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngenkathi usebenza noma ulele phansi.
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka.
• Ukukhula kwezinzwane, izingalo nezinyawo.
• Ukuphakama noma ukungajwayelekile kokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukunciphisa ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi womzimba.
• Ukuphefumula okukhulu.
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli noma ukuhlanza okukhipha ukhulu olumhlophe noma olupinki olunemicu yegazi.
• Ukukhula kwendawo yesisu.
• Ukuzuza isisindo ngokushesha ngenxa yokubunjwa kwamanzi.
• Ukuphefumula nokungahlali kudla.
• Ukukhuluphala kokugxila noma ukunciphisa ukulinda.
• Ubuhlungu ebeleni uma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Bona udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu zehluleko yentliziyo. Shaya u-911 noma ucele usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma unezinye zalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu esifubeni.
• Ukuphelelwa amandla noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile kanye nokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ukuphelelwa amandla.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima okungazelelwe, okukhulu nokukhokha imfucumfucu emhlophe noma ebomvu, enobumba. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe ngenxa yehluleko yentliziyo. Kodwa kunezizathu eziningi ezingase zibe khona. Ungazami ukuzixilonga. Esigulini esiphuthumayo, abahlinzeki bezempilo benza izivivinyo ukuze bafunde ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yini ihluleko yentliziyo noma okuthile okunye. Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unehluleko yentliziyo futhi:
• Izimpawu zakho ziyaqina ngokuzumayo.
• Uthola isimo esisha.
• Uzuza ama-5 ama-pounds (ama-2.3 kilograms) noma ngaphezulu phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukushintsha okunjalo kungasho ukuthi ihluleko yentliziyo ekhona iyaqina noma ukuthi ukwelashwa akusebenzi.

Bhalisa mahhala, bese uthola okuqukethwe kokutshalwa kwentliziyo nehluleko yentliziyo, kanye nochwepheshe empilweni yentliziyo. ErrorSelect indawo

Inhliziyo ejwayelekile inamakamelo amabili aphezulu namabili angaphansi. Amakamelo aphezulu, i-atria yasekunene neyesobunxele, amukela igazi elizayo. Amakamelo angaphansi, i-ventricles yasekunene neyesobunxele enamahloni amaningi, apompa igazi liphume enhliziyweni. I-valves zenhliziyo zisiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanele.

Uma inhliziyo ibuthakathaka, njengoba ingaba khona ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, iqala ukukhula. Lokhu kuphoqa inhliziyo ukuba isebenze nzima ukuze iphonse igazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubangelwa inhliziyo ebuthakathaka, eyonakele noma eqinile.

• Uma inhliziyo yonakele noma ibuthakathaka, amakamelo enhliziyo angaqina futhi akhule. Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa inani legazi elidingekayo.
• Uma amakamelo apompa amakhulu enhliziyo, abizwa ngokuthi i-ventricles, eqinile, awakwazi ukugeleza igazi ngokwanele phakathi kwemisindo.

Inhliziyo yemisipha ingonakala ngezifo ezithile, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala, ukusetshenziswa kwamadrogisi angekho emthethweni nezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy. I-genes zakho nazo zingadlala indima.

Nanoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo zingalimaza noma zibuthakathaka inhliziyo futhi zibangele ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

• Isifo se-coronary artery nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Isifo se-coronary artery yisizathu esivamile sokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yokwakheka kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi. Amafutha ahlanganisa imithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka ngokuzumayo lapho umthambo wegazi opha inhliziyo uvalwa ngokuphelele. Ukonakala kwemisipha yenhliziyo ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa yinhliziyo kungasho ukuthi inhliziyo ayisasebenzi kahle njengoba kufanele.

• Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo. I-valves yenhliziyo igcina igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanele. Uma i-valve ingasebenzi kahle, inhliziyo kumele isebenze nzima ukuze iphonse igazi. Lokhu kungalimaza inhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo kungabuyelise ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okuthiwa i-myocarditis. I-myocarditis ivame ukubangelwa yi-virus, kufaka phakathi i-virus ye-COVID-19, futhi ingabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo eceleni kwesobunxele.
• Inkinga yenhliziyo oyizalwa nayo, okuthiwa i-congenital heart defect. Uma inhliziyo namakamelo ayo noma i-valves ayakhiwe kahle, ezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo kumele zisebenze nzima ukuze ziphonse igazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-arrhythmias. Izindlela ezingavamile zenhliziyo zingabangela ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye ngokushesha kakhulu, okwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe wenhliziyo. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kungabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukwelapha i-rhythm engenamkhawulo yenhliziyo kungabuyelise ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabanye abantu.
• Ezinye izifo. Ezinye izifo zesikhathi eside zingase zinikeze ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo okungapheli. Izibonelo yi-diabetes, ukutheleleka kwe-HIV, i-thyroid esebenza kakhulu noma engasebenzi kahle, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwentsimbi noma iprotheni.

Isifo se-coronary artery nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Isifo se-coronary artery yisizathu esivamile sokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yokwakheka kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi. Amafutha ahlanganisa imithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka ngokuzumayo lapho umthambo wegazi opha inhliziyo uvalwa ngokuphelele. Ukonakala kwemisipha yenhliziyo ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa yinhliziyo kungasho ukuthi inhliziyo ayisasebenzi kahle njengoba kufanele.

Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okuzumayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuzala.
• Noma yiliphi ubuhlungu obuthinta umzimba wonke.
• Ama-blood clots emaphashini.
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izidakamizwa.
• Ama-viruses ahlasela umisipha wenhliziyo.

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuqala ngekamelo elingaphansi kwesobunxele lenhliziyo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-left ventricle. Lena yikamelo elikhulu lokupompa kwenhliziyo. Kodwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungathinta futhi uhlangothi lwesokudla. Ikamelo elingaphansi kwesokudla lenhliziyo libizwa ngokuthi i-right ventricle. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuthinta womabili amahlangothi enhliziyo.

Izifo neemeko ezandisa ingozi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo zihlanganisa:\n\n- Isifo se-coronary artery. I-arteries ecinyiwe inganciphisa ukunikezwa kwenhliziyo igazi eliphezulu lokungenisa i-oksijini, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwemisipha yenhliziyo.\n- Ukuthembela kwenhliziyo. Ukuthembela kwenhliziyo kuyindlela yesifo se-coronary artery eyenzeka ngokuzumayo. Ukonakala kwemisipha yenhliziyo okuvela ekuthembeleni kwenhliziyo kungasho ukuthi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukuphompa kahle njengoba kufanele.\n- Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Ukuba ne-valve yenhliziyo engasebenzi kahle kukhuphula ingozi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.\n- Ukuphazamiseka kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukuphazamiseka kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ikakhulu uma kuvamile futhi kushesha kakhulu, kungaqothula umisipha wenhliziyo futhi kubangele ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.\n- Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Abanye abantu abathuthukisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo bazalwa benenkinga ethonya ubukhulu noma umsebenzi wenhliziyo yabo.\n- I-Sleep apnea. Lokhu kungakwazi ukuphefumula kahle ngesikhathi sokulala kuholela emazingeni aphansi e-oksijini legazi nengozi eyenyuka yokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Zombili lezi zinkinga zingaqothula inhliziyo.\n- Ukukhuluphala. Abantu abakhuluphala banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.\n- Ukutheleleka yi-viral. Ukutheleleka okungaphansi kwe-viral kungalimaza umisipha wenhliziyo.\n\nAmakhambi angase andise ingozi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ahlanganisa:\n\n- Amanye amayeza esifo sikashukela. Kutholakale ukuthi amayeza esifo sikashukela i-rosiglitazone (Avandia) ne-pioglitazone (Actos) andisa ingozi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabanye abantu. Ungayeki ukuthatha la makhulu ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.\n\Ezinye izici zengozi zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo zihlanganisa:\n\n- Ubudala. Amandla enhliziyo okusebenza ayancipha njengoba ukhula, ngisho nakwabantu abaphilile.\n- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala kakhulu kungaqothula umisipha wenhliziyo futhi kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.\n- Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa utshaba. Uma ubhema, yeka. Ukusebenzisa utshaba kukhuphula ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

Uma unehluleko lempilo, kubalulekile ukuba nezivivinyo zempilo eziqondile, ngisho noma izimpawu ziqhubeka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angakuhlola futhi enze amavivinyo ukuhlola ukukhubazeka.

Ukukhubazeka kwehluleko lenhliziyo kuncike ebudaleni bakho, impilo yakho jikelele nobunzima besifo senhliziyo. Kungafaka:

• Ukwenzakala kwesibindi noma ukuhluleka. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinso. Uma kungaphathwa, lokhu kungabangela ukuhluleka kwesibindi. Ukwenzakala kwesibindi okuvela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo kungadinga ukuhlanzwa kwegazi njengonyango.
• Ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangela ukushintsha usayizi nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Lezi zinguquko zingalimaza i-valve yenhliziyo futhi zibangele ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• Ukufa ngokuzumayo kwenhliziyo. Uma inhliziyo ibuthakathaka, kunengozi yokufa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokuqina okungajwayelekile kokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ezinye zezinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezisetshenziswa ekulawuleni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingasiza nokukuvimbela. Zama lezi zeluleko zempilo yenhliziyo:

• Musa ukubhema.
• Thola umthambo omningi.
• Dla ukudla okunempilo.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Nciphise futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka.
• Thatha imithi njengoba iyalwe.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa uyalalela amaphaphu akho kanye nenhliziyo ngedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-stethoscope. Ilizwi elithi whooshing elibizwa ngokuthi yi-murmur lingase lizwakale uma ulalela inhliziyo yakho. Umhlinzeki wakho angase abuke imithambo ebusweni bakho futhi ahlole ukukhuluphala ezinyaweni nasemathunjini.Izivivinyo ezingase zenziwe ukuze kuhlonishwe ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungafaka:

• Izivivinyo zegazi. Izivivinyo zegazi zingasiza ekuhlonishweni izifo ezingathinta inhliziyo. Izivivinyo zegazi zingabuka futhi iprotheni ethile eyenziwa yinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo, amazinga ale protein ayakhuphuka.
• I-X-ray yesifuba. Izithombe ze-X-ray zingabonisa isimo samaphaphu nenhliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG). Lo mvivinyo osheshayo futhi ongenaphimbo uqopha izibonakaliso zamandla ezinhlwini. Ungabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani noma kancane kangakanani.
• I-Echocardiogram. Amaza omsindo adala izithombe zenhliziyo eshaya. Lo mvivinyo ubonisa usayizi nesakhiwo senhliziyo nevalvu zenhliziyo kanye nokugeleza kwegazi ngenhliziyo.
• I-Ejection fraction. I-Ejection fraction ukulinganisa kwesigaba segazi eliphuma enhliziyweni yakho njalo lapho licindezela. Lokhu kulinganisa kuthathwa ngesikhathi se-echocardiogram. Imiphumela iyasisiza ekuhlukaniseni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi iqondise ukwelashwa. I-ejection fraction engu-50% noma ngaphezulu kubhekwa njengengcono. Kodwa usengaba nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngisho noma inombolo ibhekwa njengengcono.
• Izivivinyo zokuzivocavoca noma izivivinyo zokucindezela. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukufaka ukuhamba etreadmill noma ukuqhubela ibhayisikili elimi ngesikhathi inhliziyo ihlolwa. Izivivinyo zokuzivocavoca zingabonisa ukuthi inhliziyo iphendula kanjani emisebenzini yomzimba. Uma ungakwazi ukuzivocavoca, ungase unikezwe imithi.
• I-CT scan yenhliziyo. Ebizwa nangokuthi yi-cardiac CT scan, lo mvivinyo usebenzisa i-X-rays ukudala izithombe zesigaba senhliziyo.
• I-Heart MRI scan, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-cardiac MRI. Lo mvivinyo usebenzisa ama-magnetic fields namaza omsakazo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo.
• I-Coronary angiogram. Lo mvivinyo uqaphela ukuphahlazeka emithambekeni yenhliziyo. Umhlinzeki wezempilo ufake i-tube ende, encane, eguqayo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-catheter emthambekeni wegazi, ngokuvamile emadolweni noma ezinzwini. Bese iqondiswa enhliziyweni. I-Dye igeleza nge-catheter emithambekeni yenhliziyo. I-Dye iyasiza imithambo ukuba ibonakale ngokucacile ezithombeni ze-X-ray nevidiyo.
• I-Myocardial biopsy. Kulo mvivinyo, umhlinzeki wezempilo ukhumula izingcezu ezincane kakhulu zemisipha yenhliziyo ukuze ihlolwe. Lo mvivinyo ungase wenziwe ukuze kuhlonishwe izinhlobo ezithile zezifo zemisipha yenhliziyo ezibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

Phakathi noma ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akutshele isigaba sesifo. Ukubala kuyasiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunquma isigaba sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo:

Le sistimu ihlukanisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo zibe izigaba ezine ngenombolo. Ungase ubona ama-Roman numerals asetshenziswe kulezi zinguqulo zegama.

• Isigaba 1 sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ayikho imizimba yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Isigaba 2 sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Imisebenzi yansuku zonke ingenziwa ngaphandle kokubanzwa. Kodwa ukukhathala kubangela ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhathala.
• Isigaba 3 sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Kunzima ukuqedela imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Isigaba 4 sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuphefumula okunzima kwenzeka ngisho nasekuphumuleni. Leli qembu lihlanganisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu kunakho konke.

Le sistimu yokwahlukaniswa yesigaba isebenzisa izinhlamvu ezivela ku-A kuya ku-D. Ihlanganisa iqembu labantu abasezingozini zokuthuthukisa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

• Isigaba A. Kunezici eziningi ezingozi zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kepha azikho izimpawu noma izimpawu.
• Isigaba B. Kukhona isifo senhliziyo kepha azikho izimpawu noma izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Isigaba C. Kukhona isifo senhliziyo kanye nezimpawu noma izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Isigaba D. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuthuthukile kudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Abanakekeli bezempilo bavame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokwahlukanisa ndawonye ukuze basize ekutheni izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele kakhulu. Umhlinzeki wakho angakusiza ekuchazeni isigaba sakho.

Ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungaqondene nesizathu. Ukwelapha kuvame ukufaka ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila nezinhlungu. Uma kukhona enye isimo sempilo esibangela inhliziyo ukuthi ihluleke, ukuyiphatha kungabuye ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo badinga ukuhlinzwa ukuvula imithambo yegazi evinjiwe noma ukubekela idivayisi ukusizakala inhliziyo ukusebenza kangcono. Ngokwelashwa, izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingathuthuka. Kungaqondene ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukuze kuphathwe ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Izidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziswayo ziyaqondene nesizathu sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nezimpawu. Izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo zifaka: - Abaphikisi be-angiotensin II receptor (ARBs). Lezi zidakamizwa zinezibopho eziningi ezifanayo njenge-ACE inhibitors. Zingaba yindlela yokwelapha abantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela i-ACE inhibitors. Zifaka i-losartan (Cozaar), i-valsartan (Diovan) ne-candesartan (Atacand). - I-Diuretics. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaphilisi amanzi, lezi zidakamizwa zenza ukhuphe amanzi njalo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho. I-Diuretics, njenge-furosemide (Lasix, Furoscix), nayo inciphise amanzi emaphashini, ngakho kulula ukuphefumula. Ezinye i-diuretics zenza umzimba ulahlekelwe yi-potassium ne-magnesium. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakuncoma izongezo zokwelapha lokhu. Uma uthatha i-diuretic, ungaba namavivinyo egazi njalo ukuhlola amazinga akho e-potassium ne-magnesium. - I-Potassium-sparing diuretics. Ebizwa nangokuthi yi-aldosterone antagonists, lezi zidakamizwa zifaka i-spironolactone (Aldactone, Carospir) ne-eplerenone (Inspra). Zingasiza abantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu nge-ejection fraction ephansi (HFrEF) ukuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nezinye i-diuretics, lezi zidakamizwa zingaphakamisa amazinga e-potassium egazini kuya ezilinganisweni ezingozi. Xoxa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokudla kwakho nokungenisa i-potassium. - Abaphikisi be-sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). Lezi zidakamizwa zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ushukela wegazi. Zivame ukubhalwa ngokudla nokuzivocavoca ukuze kuphathwe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa futhi zingenye yokuqala ukwelashwa kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Yingakho izifundo eziningi zibonise ukuthi le mithi iyanciphise ingozi yokulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa kubantu abanezinye izinhlobo zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ngisho noma bengekho isifo sikashukela. Lezi zidakamizwa zifaka i-canagliflozin (Invokana), i-dapagliflozin (Farxiga), ne-empagliflozin (Jardiance). - I-Digoxin (Lanoxin). Le mithi, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-digitalis, iyasiza inhliziyo ukuba icindezele kangcono ukuze iphompe igazi. Iphinde ibe nomkhuba wokunciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. I-Digoxin iyanciphise izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abane-HFrEF. Kungase kube nenhlanhla yokunikezwa komunye umuntu onenkinga yokushaya kwenhliziyo, njenge-atrial fibrillation. - I-Hydralazine ne-isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil). Lo mhlanganiso wezidakamizwa uyasiza ekuphumuleni imithambo yegazi. Kungase kufakwe ohlelweni lwakho lokwelapha uma unezimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezinzima kanye ne-ACE inhibitors noma i-beta blockers azisizanga. - I-Vericiguat (Verquvo). Le mithi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli ithathwa kanye ngosuku ngomlomo. Luhlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-oral soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator. Ezifundweni, abantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungozini enkulu abathathe le mithi babe nezikhathi ezimbalwa zokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokufa okuhlobene nezifo zenhliziyo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathande iphilisi eliyigugu. - Ezinye izidakamizwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakuncoma ezinye izidakamizwa zokwelapha izimpawu ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abantu bangathola i-nitrates ngenxa yobuhlungu obusengifubeni, i-statins ukuze banciphise i-cholesterol noma abaphincisi begazi ukuze basize ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwegazi. I-Diuretics. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaphilisi amanzi, lezi zidakamizwa zenza ukhuphe amanzi njalo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho. I-Diuretics, njenge-furosemide (Lasix, Furoscix), nayo inciphise amanzi emaphashini, ngakho kulula ukuphefumula. Ezinye i-diuretics zenza umzimba ulahlekelwe yi-potassium ne-magnesium. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakuncoma izongezo zokwelapha lokhu. Uma uthatha i-diuretic, ungaba namavivinyo egazi njalo ukuhlola amazinga akho e-potassium ne-magnesium. I-Potassium-sparing diuretics. Ebizwa nangokuthi yi-aldosterone antagonists, lezi zidakamizwa zifaka i-spironolactone (Aldactone, Carospir) ne-eplerenone (Inspra). Zingasiza abantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu nge-ejection fraction ephansi (HFrEF) ukuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nezinye i-diuretics, lezi zidakamizwa zingaphakamisa amazinga e-potassium egazini kuya ezilinganisweni ezingozi. Xoxa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokudla kwakho nokungenisa i-potassium. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase adinge ukushintsha izilinganiso zakho zemithi njalo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu uma usanda qala imithi entsha noma lapho isimo sakho siyaphuka. Ungangena esibhedlela uma unezimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ezibukhali. Ngesikhathi usesibhedlela, ungathola: - Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa izimpawu zakho. - Izidakamizwa eziningi ukuze zisize inhliziyo yakho iphompe kangcono. - I-oksijini nge-mask noma imiqhele emincane ebekwe ekhaleni lakho. Uma une ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu, ungase udinga ukusebenzisa i-oksijini eyengeziwe isikhathi eside. Ukuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelapha ukubekela idivayisi yenhliziyo kungase kunconywe ukwelapha inkinga eholele ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungafaka: - Ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary bypass. Ungase udinga lo mkhuba uma imithambo yegazi evinjiwe kakhulu ibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho. Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukuthatha umthambo wegazi ophilile ovela emilenzeni, engalweni noma esifubeni nokuwuxhuma ngaphansi nangaphezulu kwemithambo yegazi evinjiwe enhliziyweni. Indlela entsha iyanciphise ukusabela kwegazi kwemisipha yenhliziyo. - Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo. Uma i-valve yenhliziyo eyonakele ibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umhlinzeki wakho angakuncoma ukulungisa noma ukushintsha i-valve. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokulungiswa kwe-valve yenhliziyo. Uhlobo oludinga luyaqondene nesizathu senkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo. Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuvulekile noma okuncane. - I-Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). I-ICD isebenza ukuvimbela izinkinga zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Akuyona ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngokwayo. I-ICD iyidivayisi efana ne-pacemaker. Ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifubeni ngemigqa eholela emithanjeni yegazi nasehliziyweni. I-ICD iyalandelela ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngesivinini esingozini, i-ICD izama ukulungisa ukushaya. Uma inhliziyo ima, idivayisi iyayithinta ukuyibuyisela esivinini esijwayelekile. I-ICD ingasebenza njenge-pacemaker futhi isheshishe ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane. - Ukwelashwa kwe-cardiac resynchronization (CRT). Ebizwa nangokuthi yi-biventricular pacing, i-CRT iyindlela yokwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abahlukaniswe amakhamera aphansi enhliziyo abaphompi ngokulingana. Idivayisi ithumela izibonakaliso zamandla kumakhamera aphansi enhliziyo. Izibonakaliso zitshela amakhamera ukuba acindezele ngendlela ehlelile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukupompa kwegazi ephuma enhliziyweni. I-CRT ingasetshenziswa ne-ICD. - I-Ventricular assist device (VAD). I-VAD iyasisiza ukupompa igazi emakhameni aphansi enhliziyo kuya kweminye imizimba. Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-mechanical circulatory support device. Nakuba i-VAD ingafakwa kwenye noma kokubili amakhamera aphansi enhliziyo, ivame ukufakwa kwelinye eliphansi kwesobunxele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akuncome i-VAD uma ulinde ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-VAD isebenza njengokwelapha okungapheli kubantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kodwa abangabakhethi abafanele ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. - Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu kangangokuthi ukuhlinzwa noma imithi ayisizi. Laba bantu bangase badinge ukuba inhliziyo yabo ithathelwe indawo inhliziyo yomnikelo ophilile. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo akuyona ukwelapha okulungile kubo bonke. Iqembu labalimi bezempilo e-transplant center lisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi inqubo ingase ibe yilona elingaphephile futhi eliwusizo kuwe. Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo. Uma i-valve yenhliziyo eyonakele ibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umhlinzeki wakho angakuncoma ukulungisa noma ukushintsha i-valve. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokulungiswa kwe-valve yenhliziyo. Uhlobo oludinga luyaqondene nesizathu senkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo. Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuvulekile noma okuncane. I-Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). I-ICD isebenza ukuvimbela izinkinga zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Akuyona ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngokwayo. I-ICD iyidivayisi efana ne-pacemaker. Ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifubeni ngemigqa eholela emithanjeni yegazi nasehliziyweni. I-ICD iyalandelela ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngesivinini esingozini, i-ICD izama ukulungisa ukushaya. Uma inhliziyo ima, idivayisi iyayithinta ukuyibuyisela esivinini esijwayelekile. I-ICD ingasebenza njenge-pacemaker futhi isheshishe ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane. I-Ventricular assist device (VAD). I-VAD iyasisiza ukupompa igazi emakhameni aphansi enhliziyo kuya kweminye imizimba. Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-mechanical circulatory support device. Nakuba i-VAD ingafakwa kwenye noma kokubili amakhamera aphansi enhliziyo, ivame ukufakwa kwelinye eliphansi kwesobunxele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akuncome i-VAD uma ulinde ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-VAD isebenza njengokwelapha okungapheli kubantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kodwa abangabakhethi abafanele ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu kangangokuthi ukuhlinzwa noma imithi ayisizi. Laba bantu bangase badinge ukuba inhliziyo yabo ithathelwe indawo inhliziyo yomnikelo ophilile. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo akuyona ukwelapha okulungile kubo bonke. Iqembu labalimi bezempilo e-transplant center lisiza ekuqondeni ukuthi inqubo ingase ibe yilona elingaphephile futhi eliwusizo kuwe. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase akuncome ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile ukuze kunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa okuthuthukisayo. Noma ubani onenkinga enzima noma eyingozi empilweni angazuza kulolu hlobo lokunakekelwa. Lungasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimpawu zesifo noma ukuqeda imiphumela emibi yokwelapha. Kubanye abantu abane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, imithi ayisebenzi futhi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo noma idivayisi akuyona indlela yokwelapha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokuphela kwempilo kungase kunconywe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice. Ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kuvumela umndeni nabangane - ngosizo lwabahlengikazi, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle nabazithandeli abaqeqeshwe - ukunakekela nokududuza othandekayo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kutholakala ekhaya lakho noma emakhaya okuhlengikazi nasezikhungweni zokuhlala ezincedisayo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kunikeza okulandelayo kulabo abagulayo nabathandekayo babo: - Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo. - Ukusekelwa ngokwengqondo. - Ukusekelwa ngokomoya. Nakuba kungaba nzima, ukuxoxa ngezindaba zokuphela kwempilo nomndeni wakho neqembu lezokwelapha kubalulekile. Ingxenye yale ngxoxo cishe izoba ne-advance care directive. Lena igama eliyisisekelo lemiyalo ekhulunywe nebhaliwe oyinikezayo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho kwezokwelapha, uma ungasakwazi ukukhuluma ngokwakho. Uma une-ICD, okuthile okubalulekile ukukuxoxa nomndeni wakho neqembu lezokwelapha yikuthi i-ICD kufanele ivaliwe ukuze ingakwazi ukuletha izikhathi zokwenza inhliziyo yakho iqhubeke ishaya.

Abanye abantu abanehluleko lenhliziyo bangase batshelwe ukuba bathathe izithasiselo ze-omega-3 fatty acid.Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izithasiselo zingasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sokufuna usizo esibhedlela.

Ukwenza izinguquko ezithile zokuphila kuvame ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zehluleko lenhliziyo.Zingase ziyeke ngisho nesimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Lezi zinguquko zilandelayo ziyakuzelwe ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo:

• Hlola imilenze yakho, izingalo nezinyawo ngokukhukhumela. Yenza lokhu nsuku zonke.Shaya udokotela wakho uma ukukhukhumela kuqhubeka kubi.
• Zinzisa. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ukwenze kangakanani lokhu.Ukuzuza isisindo kungasho ukuthi umzimba wakho ubamba amanzi.Ungase udinga ukuguqulwa kokwelashwa.Shaya udokotela wakho uma uzuza ama-5 pounds (ama-2.3 kilograms) noma ngaphezulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Lawula isisindo. Ukuba ngumuntu osisindo esingaphezulu kukhulisa ingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo.Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yisiphi isisindo esifanele kuwe.Ngisho nokulahlekelwa yisisindo esincane kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yenhliziyo.
• Dla ukudla okunempilo. Zama ukudla ukudla okuhlanganisa izithelo nemifino, ukudla okugcwele, imikhiqizo yobisi engenamafutha noma enamafutha aphansi, namaprotheni ahlanzekile.Khawukhawuleli amafutha agcwele noma amafutha e-trans.
• Khawukhawuleli usawoti. Usawoti omningi, obizwa nangokuthi i-sodium, ungenza umzimba ubambe amanzi.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugcinwa kwamanzi.Kwenza inhliziyo isebenze nzima.Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okunzima nezinyawo ezikhukhumele, izingalo nezinyawo.

Buza udokotela wakho uma kufanele ulandele ukudla okungenasoti noma okune-low-salt.Khumbula ukuthi usawoti usevele ufakwe ekudleni okulungisiwe.

• Khawukhawuleli utshwala. Utywala lungaphambana nezinye izidakamizwa.Buye buqede amandla enhliziyo futhi kukhulisa ingozi yokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.Uma unehluleko lenhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba ungaphuzi utshwala.
• Buza ukuthi ungaphuza amanzi amaningi kangakanani. Uma unehluleko lenhliziyo elibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuphakamise ukuba ukhawulele inani lamanzi owaphuzayo.
• Hlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe kusiza ekugcineni inhliziyo nomzimba unempilo.Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngohlelo lokuzivocavoca olufanele kuwe.Uma unehluleko lenhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise uhlelo lokuhamba noma uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo esibhedlela sakini.
• Thola ubuthongo obuhle. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangela ukuphefumula okunzima, ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi.Zama ukulala ngekhanda lakho liphekwe phezulu usebenzisa i-pillow noma i-wedge.Uma ukhukhumeza noma unezinye izinkinga zokulala, qiniseka ukuthi uhlolwe nge-sleep apnea.
• Thola izigqoko ezicelwe. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola izigqoko ze-influenza, i-pneumonia ne-COVID-19.

Khawukhawuleli usawoti. Usawoti omningi, obizwa nangokuthi i-sodium, ungenza umzimba ubambe amanzi.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugcinwa kwamanzi.Kwenza inhliziyo isebenze nzima.Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okunzima nezinyawo ezikhukhumele, izingalo nezinyawo.

Buza udokotela wakho uma kufanele ulandele ukudla okungenasoti noma okune-low-salt.Khumbula ukuthi usawoti usevele ufakwe ekudleni okulungisiwe.

Thola izindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.Ukuqeqesha ingqondo nokuhlangana nabanye emaqenjini asekelayo kuyizindlela ezithile zokunciphisa nokulawula ukucindezeleka.

Ukulawula ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kudinga ukuxhumana okuvulekile phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho.Yiba eqotho nganoma yiziphi izinselele eziphathelene nokudla kwakho, indlela yokuphila nokusetshenziswa kwemithi.Gcina amehlo emzimbeni wakho nendlela ozizwa ngayo.Tshela udokotela wakho uma uzizwa kangcono noma kubi.Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okusebenza kangcono kuwe.

Lezi zinyathelo zingakusiza ekulawuleni ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo:

• Thatha imithi njengoba kuqondiswe. Uma izimpawu ezibuhlungu noma izindleko zibangela izinkinga, buza udokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho.Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela.Futhi, hamba kuzo zonke izikhathi zokwelashwa ezicwiliwe.Uma uphuthelwe enye, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani futhi nini.
• Sebenzisa ukunakekela ngezinye izidakamizwa nezithasiselo. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezitholakala ngaphandle kwesikripthi sokwelapha ubuhlungu nokukhukhumela zingenza ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kube sibi kakhulu.Zihlanganisa i-ibuprofen (i-Advil, i-Motrin IB, nabanye) ne-naproxen sodium (i-Aleve).Ezinye izidakamizwa zokudla nezithasiselo zingase zingaphephile uma uthatha imithi yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.Tshela udokotela wakho ngazo zonke izidakamizwa ozithathayo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezithengwe ngaphandle kwesikripthi.